Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Metallothionein and Trace Elements in Mother-Newborn Pairs

The effect of maternal smoking as a source of exposure to toxic metals Cd and Pb on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, metallothionein (MT), Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn concentrations were assessed in maternal and umbilical cord blood and placenta in 74 healthy mother-newborn pairs after term delivery. Sparse discriminant analysis (SDA) was used to identify elements with the strongest impact on the SOD, GPx and MT in the measured compartments, which was then quantified by multiple regression analysis. SOD activity was lower in maternal and cord plasma, and higher in the placenta of smokers compared to non-smokers, whereas GPx activity and MT concentration did not differ between the groups. Although active smoking during pregnancy contributed to higher maternal Cd and Pb concentrations, its contribution to the variability of SOD, GPx or MT after control for other elements identified by SDA was not significant. However, an impaired balance in the antioxidant defence observed in the conditions of relatively low-to-moderate exposure levels to Cd and Pb could contribute to an increased susceptibility of offspring to oxidative stress and risk of disease development later in life. Further study on a larger number of subjects will help to better understand complex interactions between exposure to toxic elements and oxidative stress related to maternal cigarette smoking.

Download Full-text

Does Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy Cause Cleft Lip and Palate in Offspring?

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine ◽

10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150150091023 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muin J. Khoury

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Cigarette Smoking

Download Full-text

Intellectual Impairment in Children of Women Who Smoke Cigarettes During Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.93.2.221 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David L. Olds ◽

Charles R. Henderson ◽

Robert Tatelbaum

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽

Upstate New York ◽

Wide Range ◽

Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Additional Reason

Objective. To examine the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and children's intellectual functioning during the first 4 years of life. Design. Prospective follow-up of participants in a randomized trial of pregnancy and infancy nurse home visitation. Setting. Semirural community in Upstate New York. Participants. 400 families in which the mothers registered before the 30th week of pregnancy and had no previous live births. Eighty-five percent of the mothers were either teenagers (<19 years at registration), unmarried, or poor. Analysis limited to whites who comprised 89% of the sample. Main results. Children in the comparison group whose mothers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy had Stanford-Binet scores at 3 and 4 years of age that were 4.35 (95% CI: 0.02, 8.68) points lower (after controlling for a wide range of variables) than their counterparts whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. Conclusions. The results of this study add to the increasingly consistent evidence that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy poses a unique risk for neurodevelopmental impairment among children and provide an additional reason for pregnant women not to smoke cigarettes.

Download Full-text

Poor Glycaemic Control Is Associated with Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/9471697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Harshi Prasadini Gunawardena ◽

Renuka Silva ◽

Ramiah Sivakanesan ◽

Pathmasiri Ranasinghe ◽

Prasad Katulanda

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Study Groups ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Lower Plasma ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

Gpx Activity

Glycaemic control is the main focus of managing diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycaemia induces oxidative stress favouring cellular damage and subsequent diabetic complications. The present study was conducted to compare the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and individual antioxidant marker antioxidant status of type 2 diabetics (T2D) with good ((+) GC) and poor ((-) GC) glycaemic control with prediabetic (PDM) and normoglycaemic (NG) individuals. T2D (n=147), PDM (n=47), and NGC (n=106) were recruited as subjects. T2D and PDM had lower plasma TAG than NG subjects. T2D and PDM had significantly higher GPx activity and plasma MDA concentrations than NG. PDM showed the highest SOD activity. T2D (-) GC showed significantly elevated GPx activity and higher MDA level and significantly lower SOD activity among all study groups. Lower plasma TAC and higher plasma MDA indicate the presence of oxidative stress in T2D and PDM. Elevated GPx activity in T2D, PDM, and particularly in T2D (-) GC suggests a compensatory response to counteract excess lipid peroxidation in the hyperglycaemic state. Decline in SOD activity advocates the presence of glycation and excess lipid peroxidation in T2D.

Download Full-text

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and offspring DNA methylation in midlife

Epigenetics ◽

10.1080/15592294.2017.1325065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 129-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Parisa Tehranifar ◽

Hui-Chen Wu ◽

Jasmine A. McDonald ◽

Farzana Jasmine ◽

Regina M. Santella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Cigarette Smoking

Download Full-text

Effect of Treatment with Peptide Extract from Beef Myofibrillar Protein on Oxidative Stress in the Brains of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8100455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Lee ◽

Hur

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Myofibrillar Protein ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Hypertension Therapy ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Gpx Activity

This study was conducted to determine the effect of beef peptide extract on oxidative stress in the brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A 3-kDa peptide extract was obtained from beef myofibrillar protein using alkaline-AK (AK3K). Oxidative stress in SHR brains was measured by assessing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The SHR brains treated with the AK3K peptide extract (400 mg/kg body weight, AK3K400) showed a significant decrease in MDA and ROS contents by 0.33 and 23.92 μM, respectively (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The SOD activity for AK3K400 was 61.26%, around 20% higher than the control. Furthermore, the SHRs treated with the AK3K peptide extract showed results similar to those obtained using captopril, a hypertension drug, except for the MDA level. The study demonstrates that the beef peptide extract inhibits the generation of oxidative stress in the SHR brain and could possibly be used for neuronal hypertension therapy.

Download Full-text