scholarly journals Residue and Dissipation Kinetics of Metsulfuron-Methyl Herbicide in Soil: A Field Assessment at an Oil Palm Plantation

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainol Maznah ◽  
B. Sahid Ismail ◽  
Oii Kok Eng
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
T Values ◽  
Kinetics Of

A field trial experiment was conducted to investigate the degradation of metsulfuron-methyl at two application dosages, 15 g a.i/ha and 30 g a.i/ha, at an oil palm plantation. Soil samples were collected at ‒1, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment (DAT) at the following depths: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm. The results showed rapid degradation of metsulfuron-methyl in the soil, with calculated half-life (t½) values ranging from 6.3 and 7.9 days. The rates of degradation of metsulfuron-methyl followed first-order reaction kinetics (R2 = 0.91–0.92). At the spray dosage of 15 g a.i/ha, metsulfuron-methyl residue was detected at up to 20–30 cm soil depth, at 3.56% to 1.78% at 3 and 7 DAT, respectively. Doubling the dosage to 30 g a.i/ha increased the metsulfuron-methyl residue in up to 30–40 cm soil depth at 3, 7, and 14 DAT, with concentrations ranging from 1.90% to 1.74%. These findings suggest that metsulfuron-methyl has a low impact on the accumulation of the residues in the soil at application dosages of 15 g a.i/ha and 30 g a.i/ha, due to rapid degradation, and the half-life was found to be 6.3 to 7.9 days.

Adsorption of Metsulfuron–Methyl on Soils Under Oil Palm Plantation: A Case Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Mohd Tahir ◽  
Nicholas Yeow Jee Sing
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

scholarly journals Degradation of Triazine-2-14C Metsulfuron–Methyl in Soil from an Oil Palm Plantation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0138170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail B. S. ◽  
Eng O. K. ◽  
Tayeb M. A.
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

scholarly journals Kinetics of Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Pyrene and 1-Hydroxypyrene Following Intravenous Administration of [14C]Pyrene in Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michéle Bouchard ◽  
Kannan Krishnan ◽  
Claude Viau
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Elimination Phase ◽  
First Order ◽  
T Values ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Terminal Elimination Phase

Abstract The tissue distribution and elimination of pyrene and 1-hydroxy-pyrene (1-OHP) were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (210–240 g) following an intravenous injection of 50 μmol/kg of [14C]pyrene. Blood and tissues were removed and urine and feces were collected at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h postdosing. [14C]Pyrene equivalents were measured by liquid scintillation counting, and β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase-treated blood, tissues, and excreta were analyzed for pyrene and 1-OHP by HPLC/fluorescence. At 1 h, the largest fraction of the dose was found in adipose tissue, essentially as pyrene, and its elimination followed first-order monophasic kinetics with a half-life (t½) of 4.9 h. In blood, liver, kidney, lung, muscle, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kinetics of [14C]pyrene equivalents were biphasic and average t½ values for the terminal elimination phase (8 to 24 h) ranged between 6.2 and 8.7 h. Elimination of pyrene in blood and these tissues except the GI tract followed first-order biphasic kinetics with average t½ values of the terminal phase ranging between 3.6 and 5.4 h. In the GI tract, a monophasic elimination kinetics of pyrene was observed with mean t½ value of 3.1 h. Kinetics of 1-OHP in blood and liver showed a monophasic elimination with mean t½ values of 6.7 and 6.2 h, respectively. Kinetics of 1-OHP in the other tissues were biphasic with average t½ values of the terminal elimination phase ranging between 5.2 and 6.2 h. At 24 h, on average, 81.7% of the dose was recovered in the urine (57.2%), feces (18.3%), and GI tract (6.2%) as [14C]pyrene equivalents with 2.7 and 1.9% of dose excreted as total 1-OHP in urine and feces, respectively. At all time points, 1-OHP in urine represented a constant fraction of total 14C in urine and feces. These results indicate that (i) [14C]pyrene was rapidly distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body, and (ii) although 1-OHP represents a small percentage of total pyrene eliminated from the body, it remains a reliable indicator of systemic exposure to, and overall elimination of the 14C associated with, this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

scholarly journals Equations describing the effects of the transient stability of subpopulations of nascent hnRNAs on the kinetics of turnover of hnRNA

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-908
Author(s):  
K C Kleene
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Precise Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Continuous Labelling

The equations that have been used previously to analyse the rate of decay of hnRNA implicitly assume that nascent hnRNAs are degraded stochastically. This assumption is inconsistent with electron-microscopic studies of transcription cited here, which show that nascent hnRNAs are not degraded during transcription, implying that hnRNA degradation occurs only after termination of transcription and release of the hnRNA from chromatin. Equations are derived describing the accumulation of radioactivity hnRNA during continuous labelling assuming that nascent hnRNAs are stable and that hnRNAs decay with first-order kinetics only after completion of transcription. The effects of the transient stability of nascent hnRNAs on the kinetics of hnRNA turnover can become important when the half-life of the hnRNA is shorter than the time to transcribe an hnRNA from the point of initiation to the point of termination. These equations should prove useful in studies of hnRNA turnover that require a precise description of the labelling kinetics of nascent and completed subpopulations of hnRNA.

scholarly journals Degradation kinetics of six sulfonamides in hen eggs under simulated cooking temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Huai Zhao ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Ying-Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Apparent Activation Energies ◽  
Kinetics Of

Six sulfonamides, i.e., sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamonomethoxine, were applied to spike whole hen eggs at 0.1 mg kg- 1 eggs. The spiked hen eggs were heated at 80 and 100 ?C to investigate the degradation kinetics of the sulfonamides under simulated cooking conditions. The sulfonamides added were extracted twice from the spiked eggs with dichloromethane by an ultrasonic-assistant extraction, and analyzed by a HPLC method after purification. The first-order rate constants and half-life times of the sulfonamides were calculated, and the corresponding apparent activation energy of their degradation was also obtained by application of the Arrhenius equation. The results indicated that all six sulfonamides degraded faster at the higher heating temperature, with first-order rate constants ranging from 0.0056 to 0.0108 min-1 at 80 ?C and from 0.0147 to 0.0394 min-1 at 100 ?C. The apparent activation energies for the degradation of the sulfonamides were estimated to be in the range 30.9 to 77.5 kJ mol-1. Sulfadiazine and sulfadimethoxine had the shortest and longest half-life time, respectively, and were the most instable and stable.

scholarly journals DEGRADASI KARBON, NITROGEN, DAN FOSFOR TANAH PASCA KEBAKARAN LAHAN DI KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT, PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Renaldi Sambo Eka Saputra ◽  
Syahrul Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Agricultural practices, especially land clearing by burning in peat-land, usually causes land-fire and result in nutrient degradation of peat-land. The research was aimed to assess nutrient content (i.e. C, N, P) in oil palm plantation within peatlands post land fire. The study was conducted on Tulang Bawang regency, Lampung Province. Soil samples were collected from two locations with different intensity of land fire, i.e. field with low intensity of land fire (land A) and land with high intensity of land fire (land B). In each land, the soil was taken from two depths (i.e. 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) in three different zones of oil palm plantation, named as fertilization area, frond stack, and harvested path, with three replications of each. The variable measured including soil organic C, total N, and available P. Prior to statistical analysis, the data were tested normality. The result showed that the location with low intensity of land fire (land A) had higher soil organic C, total N, and available P at 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm depths of soil as compared to the area with high land fire intensity (land B). Application of N fertilizer and liming resulted in a higher total N at 0-10 cm depth of soil and available P (in the land A) in fertilization area as compared to frond stack and harvest path areas, both in land A and land B. Available P in land B at 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil depth in the fertilization area was lower than harvest path and frond stack areas, and this was probably due to the high losses through leaching and/or uptake by palm oil.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS KEBAKARAN LAHAN GAMBUT BERDAMPAK PADA KEMASAMAN TANAH DI KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT, KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG, PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Ghani Ilham Prawiradijaya ◽  
Syahrul Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Peat Fires

Peatlands have specific characteristics, namely irreversible drying, so that become flammable. Peat fires have an impact on changes in soil pH. The study aimed to analyze the soil acidity after peatland fires in oil palm plantation. This study used a survey method on two main plots (low and high fire intensity). Samples were taken at two soil depth including 0-10 cm and 11-30 cm in three zones (fertilization area, harvest path and frond pile zone) and repeated three times. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the 5% nested test, then LSD test, and analyzed for correlation. The results showed that the soil pH on all land was included in the very acid category. Soil pH in the land B (land with high fire intensity) is higher than those in the land A (land with low fire intensity), both in top soil and sub soil. The micro-nutrient elements of Fe and Al in the land B are lower than land A, while the micro-nutrients of Mn in land B are higher than land A. The correlation of soil pH towards Fe and Al is negative, while for Mn is positive (pH increases, acid cations of Fe and Al will decrease while acid cations of Mn will increase). This was presumably due to competition in occupying the land-catchment complex.

Kinetics of Various 99mTc-Sn-Pyrophosphate Compounds in the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schümichen ◽  
B. Mackenbrock ◽  
G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Short Half Life ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
In Vitro Stability

SummaryThe bone-seeking 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compound (compound A) was diluted both in vitro and in vivo and proved to be unstable both in vitro and in vivo. However, stability was much better in vivo than in vitro and thus the in vitro stability of compound A after dilution in various mediums could be followed up by a consecutive evaluation of the in vivo distribution in the rat. After dilution in neutral normal saline compound A is metastable and after a short half-life it is transformed into the other 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compound A is metastable and after a short half-life in bone but in the kidneys. After dilution in normal saline of low pH and in buffering solutions the stability of compound A is increased. In human plasma compound A is relatively stable but not in plasma water. When compound B is formed in a buffering solution, uptake in the kidneys and excretion in urine is lowered and blood concentration increased.It is assumed that the association of protons to compound A will increase its stability at low concentrations while that to compound B will lead to a strong protein bond in plasma. It is concluded that compound A will not be stable in vivo because of a lack of stability in the extravascular space, and that the protein bond in plasma will be a measure of its in vivo stability.

DIVERSITY OF MICROCHIROPTERAN BATS IN FOREST FRAGMENTS AND RIPARIAN ZONES IN AN OIL PALM PLANTATION ESTATE

SIMBIOSA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Syamsi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu tanaman meningkat paling pesat di dunia, dan mencakup lebih dari 13 juta ha di Asia Tenggara. Sumatera memiliki sejarah yang relatif panjang budidaya kelapa sawit komersial, dan banyak perkebunan telah menggantikan hutan hujan. Biasanya ini perkebunan monokultur mendukung spesies lebih sedikit daripada hutan, namun ada sangat sedikit informasi yang tersedia untuk kelelawar. Kami mencicipi kelelawar pemakan serangga di Sumatera Barat dalam perkebunan kelapa sawit matang di mana beberapa tutupan hutan dipertahankan di fragmen hutan di bukit-bukit dan di sepanjang sungai. Menggunakan total 180 kecapi perangkap malam kami dibandingkan dengan komunitas kelelawar dalam tiga jenis habitat: patch hutan, zona riparian dan perkebunan. Total kami ditangkap 1108 kelelawar yang mewakili 21 spesies dan 5 keluarga, dan mayoritas ini (dalam hal spesies dan kelimpahan) ditemukan di fragmen hutan. perkebunan kelapa sawit ditemukan menjadi habitat miskin untuk kelelawar - hanya empat orang dari dua spesies ditangkap. daerah pinggiran sungai didukung keanekaragaman menengah, dan mungkin penting sebagai koridor satwa liar antara fragmen hutan. Kata kunci : Biodiversitas, keleawar Microchiropteran

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document