scholarly journals Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis: The Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Patient Management

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maifata ◽  
Hod ◽  
Zakaria ◽  
Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Serum And Urine

The detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin domain containing 7A THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70–90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2–3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive, respectively, and thus can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, which is significant in patient monitoring and prognosis. It is better than exposing patients to a frequent biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients’ urine and sera were reviewed to provide newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in the diagnosis, treatment decision, and follow-up of patients with primary MGN. In addition, other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin were reviewed to detect the progression of renal damage for early intervention.

scholarly journals Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Overview of the Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in the Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Mu'azu Maifata ◽  
Rafidah Hod ◽  
Nor Fadhina Zakaria ◽  
Fauzah Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Serum And Urine

Detection of PLA2R and THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70-90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2-3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive respectively and can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, significant in patients’ monitoring and prognosis better than exposing patients to frequent biopsy which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients’ urine and sera were reviewed with the aim of providing newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in making the diagnosis, treatment decision and follow up of patients with primary MGN. We also reviewed other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin in order to detect progression of renal damage for early intervention.

scholarly journals Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in Diagnosis, Monitoring and Prognostication of Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Mu’azu Maifata ◽  
Rafidah Hod ◽  
Fadhlina Zakaria ◽  
Fauzah Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Effective Diagnosis ◽  
Serum And Urine

Differentiating primary and secondary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) using biomarkers for MGN is essential in patients’ diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Although biopsy has been the primary tool in making the diagnosis, not all patients can withstand it due to its invasive nature, and it cannot be used to monitor treatment. Hence, there is the need for less invasive or even non-invasive biomarkers for effective diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostication. This study aimed at providing an alternative way of differentiating primary and secondary MGN using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for serum and urine biomarkers (M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)) for prompt diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. A total of 125 subjects, including 81 primary and 44 secondary MGN subjects, were diagnosed from January 2012 to October 2019 at Hospital Serdang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur from which 69 subjects consisting of 47 primary and 22 secondary MGN subjects participated in the study. Of these, 13 primary MGN subjects were positive for both serum and urine anti-PLA2R antibodies (Ab) whereas only one secondary MGN subject associated with hepatitis B virus was positive for both serum and urine anti-PLA2R Ab. At the same time, anti-THSD7A Ab was found positive in four primary MGN subjects and two secondary MGN subjects with malignancy.

Immunonephelometric determination of retinol-binding protein in serum and urine.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Parviainen ◽  
P Ylitalo
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract An immunonephelometric method developed for measurement of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum and urine can detect it in concentrations of about 30 micrograms/L, which is in the lower limit of its normal concentration in urine (range 0-0.56 mg/L; mean +/- SD 0.19 +/- 0.15; n = 44). Urinary RBP was increased (range 0.93-29.5 mg/L) in all of 25 urine specimens from 13 subjects being treated with aminoglycoside (tobramycin). Urinary excretion of RBP was correlated (r = 0.83) with the excretion of beta 2-microglobulin. The within-assay and day-to-day precision (CV) was determined over the detection range of 0.03-8 mg/L. Within these limits the corresponding CVs varied from 4 to 27% and from 8 to 30%, respectively. The method had fairly good precision within the optimal measuring range of approximately 0.4 to 4.5 mg/L for both urine and 20-fold diluted serum samples. For various RBP concentrations our analytical recovery was 89-114% of added RBP. Results by this method correlated well (r = 0.96, n = 24) with those by a radial immunodiffusion method.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Monitoring of Treatment Response to Brain Tumor Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Dastmalchi ◽  
Loic P. Deleyrolle ◽  
Aida Karachi ◽  
Duane A. Mitchell ◽  
Maryam Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Tumor Immunotherapy ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Peripheral Immune Response

Immunotherapy has revolutionized care for many solid tissue malignancies, and is being investigated for efficacy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. Identifying a non-invasive monitoring technique such as metabolomics monitoring to predict patient response to immunotherapy has the potential to simplify treatment decision-making and to ensure therapy is tailored based on early patient response. Metabolomic analysis of peripheral immune response is feasible due to large metabolic shifts that immune cells undergo when activated. The utility of this approach is under investigation. In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes induced during activation of an immune response, and the role of metabolic profiling to monitor immune responses in the context of immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors. This review provides original insights into how metabolomics monitoring could have an important impact in the field of tumor immunotherapy if achievable.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of beta-2-microglobulin, enzymes, cytokines in serum and urine in patients with chronic renal allograft dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A. Trailin ◽  
M. Pleten ◽  
A. Nikonenko ◽  
T. Ostapenko ◽  
N. Yefimenko
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Allograft Dysfunction ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Serum And Urine

The most investigations of the biomarkers of renal allograft dysfunction (RAD) are limited by early post-operational period and are aimed at diagnosis of acute rejection of renal transplant. This work has aimed to establish additional characteristics of chronic RAD by using non-invasive biomarkers of the blood serum and urine.Materials and methods. 79 patients aged 16 to 59 years (47 men and 32 women) took part in our retrospective study. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamil transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG); interleukins (IL-2, IL-8, IL-10) and beta-2-microglobulin were evaluated.Results. Increased IL-10 and β2-MG serum concentration, and increased urinary concentration and activity of β2-MG, IL-2, IL-8, NAG, AP, AST, GGT were typical for chronic RAD. Only NAG was independently significantly associated with chronic RAD in multivariate regression. From the area under ROC-curves were derived, that β2-MG level in serum and urine, and the activity of NAG in urine had the excellent and good power to classify patients with satisfactory function and chronic RAD.Conclusions. The increase of β2-MG in serum and urine may indicate glomerular and tubular dysfunction, respectively. An increase of urinary NAG indicates the ongoing damage of the tubules. The increase of IL-2 and IL-8 in the urine and IL-10 in serum may indicate the etiology of chronic RAD.

scholarly journals Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Role of Retinol-Binding Protein in Monitoring and Prognostication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Muazu Maifata ◽  
Fauzah Abd Ghani ◽  
Rafidah Hod ◽  
Nor Fadhlina Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Initially, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was thought to be a biomarker for proximal convoluted tubule dysfunction could be important in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is an important cause of CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, monitoring MGN patients using urinary RBP is important in effective treatment decision making and prognostication of MGN patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to detect the RBP in the urine samples of 69 MGN patients comprising 47 primary and 22 secondary MGN, at the end of the follow-up period. The test for the urinary biomarker gave the following results: urinary RBP was detected in 27 (39.1%) and 6 (8.7%) of the primary and secondary MGN patients, respectively. The correlation analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between urinary RBP and renal function test parameters, in addition to a logistic regression analysis that proved urinary RBP as a prognostic non-invasive biomarker for primary MGN. Therefore, urinary RBP could be employed to monitor and provide effective prognosis and early treatment decisions in primary MGN.

scholarly journals The serum level of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody does not predict severity of proteinuria in primary membranous glomerulonephritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e15-e15
Author(s):  
Sepideh Hajian ◽  
Ali Sarbazi-Golezari ◽  
Nazanin Samandari
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2r) antibody is a marker in blood and has been recently reported that it is increased in patients with primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Objectives: To investigate the role of this receptor in severity of proteinuria in pMGN, we evaluated the relationship between serum levels of this receptor and proteinuria in patients with primary MGN. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on patients with primary MGN referring to the nephrology clinic in Qazvin province during 2016-2017. Serum level of anti-PLA2r and level of proteinuria before and after medical treatments were measured. anti-PLA2r was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: Anti-PLA2r was positive and negative in 42.3% and 57.7% of the patients with primary MGN, respectively. There was no significant relationship between serum level of anti-PLA2r and level of proteinuria before and after the medical treatments. Conclusion: Our data show that anti-PLA2r could not predict the severity of proteinuria in patients with primary MGN.

Role of Cardiac MRI in Detecting Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marymol Koshy ◽  
Bushra Johari ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Potential Use

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease affecting people of various ethnic origins and both genders. HCM is a genetic disorder with a wide range of symptoms, including the catastrophic presentation of sudden cardiac death. Proper diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can relieve symptoms and prolong life. Non-invasive imaging is essential in diagnosing HCM. We present a review to deliberate the potential use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM assessment and also identify the risk factors entailed with risk stratification of HCM based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

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