scholarly journals Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Overview of the Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in the Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Mu'azu Maifata ◽  
Rafidah Hod ◽  
Nor Fadhina Zakaria ◽  
Fauzah Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Serum And Urine

Detection of PLA2R and THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70-90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2-3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive respectively and can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, significant in patients’ monitoring and prognosis better than exposing patients to frequent biopsy which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients’ urine and sera were reviewed with the aim of providing newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in making the diagnosis, treatment decision and follow up of patients with primary MGN. We also reviewed other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin in order to detect progression of renal damage for early intervention.

scholarly journals Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis: The Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Patient Management

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maifata ◽  
Hod ◽  
Zakaria ◽  
Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Serum And Urine

The detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin domain containing 7A THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70–90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2–3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive, respectively, and thus can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, which is significant in patient monitoring and prognosis. It is better than exposing patients to a frequent biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients’ urine and sera were reviewed to provide newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in the diagnosis, treatment decision, and follow-up of patients with primary MGN. In addition, other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin were reviewed to detect the progression of renal damage for early intervention.

scholarly journals Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in Diagnosis, Monitoring and Prognostication of Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Mu’azu Maifata ◽  
Rafidah Hod ◽  
Fadhlina Zakaria ◽  
Fauzah Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Effective Diagnosis ◽  
Serum And Urine

Differentiating primary and secondary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) using biomarkers for MGN is essential in patients’ diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Although biopsy has been the primary tool in making the diagnosis, not all patients can withstand it due to its invasive nature, and it cannot be used to monitor treatment. Hence, there is the need for less invasive or even non-invasive biomarkers for effective diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostication. This study aimed at providing an alternative way of differentiating primary and secondary MGN using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for serum and urine biomarkers (M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)) for prompt diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. A total of 125 subjects, including 81 primary and 44 secondary MGN subjects, were diagnosed from January 2012 to October 2019 at Hospital Serdang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur from which 69 subjects consisting of 47 primary and 22 secondary MGN subjects participated in the study. Of these, 13 primary MGN subjects were positive for both serum and urine anti-PLA2R antibodies (Ab) whereas only one secondary MGN subject associated with hepatitis B virus was positive for both serum and urine anti-PLA2R Ab. At the same time, anti-THSD7A Ab was found positive in four primary MGN subjects and two secondary MGN subjects with malignancy.

Whole Tumor Capsule is Prognostic of a Very Good Outcome in the Classical Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Giani ◽  
Liborio Torregrossa ◽  
Ramone Teresa ◽  
Romei Cristina ◽  
Antonio Matrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Pathological Behavior

Abstract Context Tumour capsule integrity is becoming a relevant issue to predict the biological behaviour of human tumours, including thyroid cancer. Aim To verify if a whole tumour capsule in the classical variant of PTC (CVPTC) could have a predictive role of a good outcome as for follicular variant (FVPTC). Methods FVPTC (n=600) and CVPTC (n=554) cases, were analysed. We distinguished encapsulated-FVPTC (E-FVPTC) and encapsulated-CVPTC (E-CVPTC) and, thereafter, invasive (Ei-FVPTC and Ei-CVPTC) and non-invasive (En-FVPTC and En-CVPTC) tumours, according to the invasion or integrity of tumour capsule, respectively. Cases without tumour capsule were indicated as invasive-FVPTC (I-FVPTC) and invasive-CVPTC (I-CVPTC). Sub-group of each variant was evaluated for BRAF mutations. Results E-FVPTC was more frequent than E-CVPTC (p<0.0001). No differences were found between En-FVPTC and En-CVPTC or between Ei-FVPTC and Ei-CVPTC. After 18 years of follow-up, a greater number of not-cured cases were observed in Ei-CVPTC with respect to Ei-FVPTC, but not in En-CVPTC to En-FVPTC. Multivariate clustering analysis showed that En-FVPTC, En-CVPTC, and Ei-FVPTC have similar features but different from I-FVPTC and I-CVPTC and, to a lesser extent, from Ei-CVPTC. 177/614 (28.8%) cases were BRAF  V600E-mutated and 10/614(1.6%) carried BRAF-rare alterations. Significantly higher rate of En-CVPTC (22/49,44.9%) than En-FVPTC (15/195,7.7%) (p<0.0001) were BRAF  V600E-mutated. Conclusions En-CVPTC is less prevalent than En-FVPTC. However, they have a good clinical/ pathological behavior comparable to En-FVPTC. This finding confirms the good prognostic role of a whole tumour capsule also in CVPTC. New nomenclature for En-CVPTC, similar to that introduced for En-FVPTC (i.e, NIFTP) could be envisaged.

scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Oncology: An Update

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
Rodolfo Bignone ◽  
Alberto Bruno ◽  
Antonio Bruno ◽  
Federico Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Almost All

To date, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is included in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for several cancers. The real additive role of DWI lies in the “functional” information obtained by probing the free diffusivity of water molecules into intra and inter-cellular spaces that in tumors mainly depend on cellularity. Although DWI has not gained much space in some oncologic scenarios, this non-invasive tool is routinely used in clinical practice and still remains a hot research topic: it has been tested in almost all cancers to differentiate malignant from benign lesions, to distinguish different malignant histotypes or tumor grades, to predict and/or assess treatment responses, and to identify residual or recurrent tumors in follow-up examinations. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview on the application of DWI in oncology.

scholarly journals Standardized Protocol for Hemodialysis Vascular Access Assessment: The Role of Ultrasound and ColorDoppler

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Nalesso ◽  
Francesco Garzotto ◽  
Ilaria Petrucci ◽  
Sara Samoni ◽  
Grazia Maria Virzì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Hemodialysis Vascular Access ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Artery Flow

Introduction: Ultrasound and colorDoppler technique, which is relatively inexpensive, rapid, non-invasive and repeatable is a powerful tool used for early diagnosis of vascular access (VA) complications in hemodialysis patients. To date a standard and widely comprehensible echocolorDoppler (ECD) protocol is not available. Materials and Methods: A simple step-by-step protocol based on anatomical and hemodynamic parameters of VA has been developed during a 3-years VA ECD follow-up. It consists of an ECD study scheme. The algorithm created involves the calculation of brachial artery flow, description of artero-venous and/or graft-vascular anastomosis and efferent vessel and/or graft. Results: The algorithm allows to formulate a medical report that takes into account both anatomic and hemodynamic parameters of the VA. Reduction of complications and the prevention of chronic complications as well as the early detection of acute problems were achieved. Discussion and Conclusion: The creation of a step-by-step protocol may simplify the multidisciplinary management of VA, its monitoring and the early diagnosis of its complications.

scholarly journals P299 The Role Of A Multidisciplinary Respiratory Hub In Improving Post-discharge Follow Up Of Patients Receiving Acute Non-invasive Ventilation (niv)

Thorax ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A205-A205
Author(s):  
F. Rauf ◽  
A. Oakes ◽  
Y. Khan ◽  
T. Stuart ◽  
B. Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

scholarly journals Role of IGF2 in the Study of Development and Evolution of Prostate Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Porras-Quesada ◽  
JM. González-Cabezuelo ◽  
V. Sánchez-Conde ◽  
I. Puche-Sanz ◽  
V. Arenas-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Development And Evolution

Prostate Cancer (PC) is commonly known as one of the most frequent tumors among males. A significant problem of this tumor is that in early stages most of the cases course as indolent forms, so an active surveillance will anticipate the appearance of aggressive stages. One of the main strategies in medical and biomedical research is to find non-invasive biomarkers for improving monitoring and performing a more precise follow-up of diseases like PC. Here we report the relevant role of IGF2 and miR-93-5p as non-invasive biomarker for PC. This event could improve current medical strategies in PC.

scholarly journals Urine Phenylacetylglutamine Determination in Patients with Hyperphenylalaninemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3674
Author(s):  
Fernando Andrade ◽  
Ainara Cano ◽  
María Unceta Suarez ◽  
Arantza Arza ◽  
Ana Vinuesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Healthy Control

Phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal-recessive inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism is the most prevalent disorder of amino acid metabolism. Currently, clinical follow-up relies on frequent monitoring of Phe levels in blood. We hypothesize that the urine level of phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), a phenyl-group marker, could be used as a non-invasive biomarker. In this cross-sectional study, a validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was used for urinary PAG quantification in 35 participants with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We have found that (a) PKU patients present higher urine PAG levels than healthy control subjects, and that (b) there is a significant correlation between urine PAG and circulating Phe levels in patients with HPA. In addition, we show a significant strong correlation between Phe levels from venous blood samples and from capillary finger-prick dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected at the same time in patients with HPA. Further research in order to assess the potential role of urine PAG as a non-invasive biomarker in PKU is warranted.

scholarly journals Endoscopic ampullectomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (S 05) ◽  
pp. 065-067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Ampulla Of Vater ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
En Bloc Excision ◽  
Bloc Excision ◽  
Careful Assessment

AbstractEndoscopic ampullectomy offers a minimally invasive method of effectively treating non-invasive neoplasms of the ampulla of Vater and surrounding peri-ampullary region with high success and relative safety. These lesions would otherwise require surgical intervention, including pancreatico-duodenectomy. However, major complications may occur and a careful assessment of the patients comorbidities and their ability to tolerate adverse events needs to be factored into the treatment decision. Careful staging, often multi-modality is required, particularly for extensive lesions. Complete en-bloc excision of the entire neoplasm should be the goal with conventional papillary adenomas. Large lesions with extra-papillary extension currently require extended piecemeal excision, however with meticulous technique, recurrence is uncommon in longterm follow up.

Chronic coenurosis in sheep: spontaneous remission of clinical signs and role of CT and MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001092
Author(s):  
Laura Tena ◽  
Ricardo De Miguel ◽  
Enrique Castells ◽  
Amaia Escudero ◽  
Delia Lacasta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Ct And Mri

Coenurosis is a fatal disease caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps that leads to enormous economic losses in sheep production. Five ewes affected by chronic coenurosis were studied by CT and one of them by MRI. CT allowed detection, localisation and characterisation of the parasitic cyst in all evaluated animals. MRI evinced the white and grey matter damage in the areas adjacent to the coenurus. One of the affected animals recovered spontaneously, showing a shrunken and collapsed parasitic cyst surrounded by partially mineralised tissue in the CT and MRI images. These findings were confirmed at postmortem examination. In conclusion, CT and MRI are valuable non-invasive techniques that allow early diagnosis, characterisation and follow-up of ovine CNS diseases. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous clinical remission of chronic coenurosis in small ruminants.

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