FETOPLACENTAL MOSAICISM AND NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURE TESTING (CASE STUDY)

AbstractAn emerging approach with potential in improving the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors is the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) to bypass the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in a non-invasive and localized manner. A large body of pre-clinical work has paved the way for the gradual clinical implementation of FUS-induced BBB opening. Even though the safety profile of FUS treatments in rodents has been extensively studied, the histological and behavioral effects of clinically relevant BBB opening in large animals are relatively understudied. Here, we examine the histological and behavioral safety profile following localized BBB opening in non-human primates (NHPs), using a neuronavigation-guided clinical system prototype. We show that FUS treatment triggers a short-lived immune response within the targeted region without exacerbating the touch accuracy or reaction time in visual-motor cognitive tasks. Our experiments were designed using a multiple-case-study approach, in order to maximize the acquired data and support translation of the FUS system into human studies. Four NHPs underwent a single session of FUS-mediated BBB opening in the prefrontal cortex. Two NHPs were treated bilaterally at different pressures, sacrificed on day 2 and 18 post-FUS, respectively, and their brains were histologically processed. In separate experiments, two NHPs that were earlier trained in a behavioral task were exposed to FUS unilaterally, and their performance was tracked for at least 3 weeks after BBB opening. An increased microglia density around blood vessels was detected on day 2, but was resolved by day 18. We also detected signs of enhanced immature neuron presence within areas that underwent BBB opening, compared to regions with an intact BBB, confirming previous rodent studies. Logistic regression analysis showed that the NHP cognitive performance did not deteriorate following BBB opening. These preliminary results demonstrate that neuronavigation-guided FUS with a single-element transducer is a non-invasive method capable of reversibly opening the BBB, without substantial histological or behavioral impact in an animal model closely resembling humans. Future work should confirm the observations of this multiple-case-study work across animals, species and tasks.

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Palpreast—A New Wearable Device for Breast Self-Examination

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9030381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 381 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lucia Arcarisi ◽

Licia Di Pietro ◽

Nicola Carbonaro ◽

Alessandro Tognetti ◽

Arti Ahluwalia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Procedure ◽

Wearable Device ◽

Human Hand ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Breast Self Examination ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Self Examination

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Although targeted screening programs using mammography have facilitated earlier detection and improved treatment has resulted in a significant reduction in mortality, some negative aspects related to cost, the availability of trained staff, the duration of the procedure, and its non-generalizability to all women must be taken into consideration. Breast palpation is a simple non-invasive procedure that can be performed by lay individuals for detecting possible malignant nodules in the breast. It is a simple test, based on the haptic perception of different stiffness between healthy and abnormal tissues. According to a survey we carried out, despite being safe and simple, breast self-examination is not carried by women because they are not confident of their ability to detect a lump. In this study, a non-invasive wearable device designed to mimic the process of breast self-examination using pressure sensing textiles and thus increase the confidence and self-awareness of women is proposed. Combined with other screening methods, the device can increase the odds of early detection for better prognosis. Here, we present the physical implementation of the device and a finite element analysis of the mechanics underlying its working principle. Characterization of the device using models of large and medium breast phantoms with rigid inclusions demonstrates that it can detect nodules in much the same way as does the human hand during breast self-examination.

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Reconstruction of input functions from a dynamic PET image with sequential administration of 15O2 and H215O for noninvasive and ultra-rapid measurement of CBF, OEF, and CMRO2

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x17713574 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 780-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nobuyuki Kudomi ◽

Yukito Maeda ◽

Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽

Yuka Yamamoto ◽

Tetsuhiro Hatakeyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rate Constants ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Invasive Approach ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sequential Administration ◽

Invasive Method ◽

The Difference ◽

Arterial Input Functions

CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 images can be quantitatively assessed using PET. Their image calculation requires arterial input functions, which require invasive procedure. The aim of the present study was to develop a non-invasive approach with image-derived input functions (IDIFs) using an image from an ultra-rapid O2 and C15O2 protocol. Our technique consists of using a formula to express the input using tissue curve with rate constants. For multiple tissue curves, the rate constants were estimated so as to minimize the differences of the inputs using the multiple tissue curves. The estimated rates were used to express the inputs and the mean of the estimated inputs was used as an IDIF. The method was tested in human subjects ( n = 24). The estimated IDIFs were well-reproduced against the measured ones. The difference in the calculated CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 values by the two methods was small (<10%) against the invasive method, and the values showed tight correlations ( r = 0.97). The simulation showed errors associated with the assumed parameters were less than ∼10%. Our results demonstrate that IDIFs can be reconstructed from tissue curves, suggesting the possibility of using a non-invasive technique to assess CBF, OEF, and CMRO2.

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Security test MOODLE: a penetration testing case study

International Journal of Computers and Applications ◽

10.1080/1206212x.2017.1396413 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 372-382

Author(s):

Akalanka Karunarathne Mudiyanselage ◽

Lei Pan

Keyword(s):

Penetration Testing ◽

Testing Case ◽

Security Test

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Immunological and genetic indices in workers under long-term exposure to low-doses of acrylonitrile

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-10-1115-1122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 1115-1122

Author(s):

Nina V. Zaitseva ◽

Tatyana S. Ulanova ◽

Oleg V. Dolgikh ◽

Tatyana V. Nurislamova ◽

Olga A. Kazakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Malonic Dialdehyde ◽

Test Group ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Low Doses ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Exhaled Air ◽

Activated T Lymphocytes ◽

The Impact

Introduction. Nowadays there is very relevant research on the study of the characteristics of the impact on the health of workers of low levels of harmful factors (acrylonitrile) of production during long-term exposure. Aim of the study was to examine peculiarities of immunologic and genetic indices in workers under the long-term exposure to acrylonitrile in low doses. Materials and methods. Our research object was working area air (MPCw.ar.=0.5 mg/m3) and biological media (blood and exhaled air) of workers employed at industrial rubber manufacture. Acrylonitrile was determined via a non-invasive procedure in exhaled air with samples being concentrated on sorption tubes that were then analyzed with capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were examined to determine contents of malonic dialdehyde, lymphocytes (absolute and relative activated T-lymphocytes CD3+CD25+, absolute and relative activated T-lymphocytes CD3+CD95+), cytokines (VEGF), oncomarkers (PSA), and adrenals hormones; to do that, we applied ELISA tests and flow cytometry. Results. Acrylonitrile was established to occur in working area air in concentrations varying within MPCw.ar. range (0.007-0.015 mg/m3) being 2-3 times higher than in air inside offices at the same enterprise. We obtained statistically significant linear dependence between concentrations of acrylonitrile in the air exhaled by workers (y) and their working experience (x) that was given with the following equation: y=0.00046+0.00027x. According to the results of the laboratory examination of the workers, violations of the antioxidant defense were established. Contents of malonic dialdehyde and steroid hormones including progesterone, estradiol, and hydrocortisone that were pathogenetically linked to each other were authentically up to 3.2 times higher in the test group than in the reference one (p<0.05). Risk for antioxidant protection disorders such as elevated malonic dialdehyde contents in blood plasma might occur in the test group was 1.58 times higher than in the reference one. Conclusion. We revealed certain peculiarities in polymorphism of PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 gene, the variability of which contributes to the formation of pathology of the cardiovascular, endocrine systems, oncoproliferative states that increase the likelihood of these undesirable events.

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Internal and External Radiofrequency Assisted Lipo-Coagulation (RFAL) in the Control of Soft Tissue Contraction during Liposuction: Part 2 “Outside In” RFAL Thermal Tissue Tightening

10.5772/intechopen.97031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Stephen Mulholland

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Thermal Stimulation ◽

Thermal Coagulation ◽

Soft Tissue Envelope ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Tissue Contraction ◽

Contraction Effect ◽

Positively Charged ◽

Coated Electrodes

The new Morpheus8 is a novel external RFAL device that uses the proven soft tissue contraction of BodyTite in an external, non-invasive procedure. This external RF applicator, which is also powered by BodyTite, inserts up to 40 positively charged, coated electrodes 8 mm into the subcutaneous, soft tissue envelope. A monopolar ablative lesion is generated from the tip of the electrode, stimulating contraction of the FSN and adipose coagulation. The RF then flows up to the distant negative, return electrodes on the surface of the skin, providing a non-ablative thermal stimulation to the papillary dermis. The “burst” feature of the Morpheus8, delivers simultaneous multiple levels of internal coagulation in a single one second pulse, amplifying the adipose ablation and contraction effect. Studies, show, that the combination of BodyTite internal thermal coagulation and external Morpheus8 at the time of liposuction can result in 60–70% area skin contraction, greatly improving the soft tissue contours and Body shaping outcomes following lipo-contouring procedures.

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Dynamic behaviors of historical wrought iron truss bridges: a field testing case study

10.1117/12.2218744 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kaoshan Dai ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Andrew Hedric ◽

Zhenhua Huang

Keyword(s):

Field Testing ◽

Dynamic Behaviors ◽

Wrought Iron ◽

Truss Bridges ◽

Testing Case

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Estimation of differences in selected indices of vibroacoustic signals between healthy and osteoarthritic patellofemoral joints as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2130 (1) ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

R Karpiński ◽

P Krakowski ◽

J Jonak ◽

A Machrowska ◽

M Maciejewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Joint Surfaces ◽

Vibroacoustic Signals

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently the most generic form of joint disease. It is a complex process in which degenerative changes occur in the articular cartilage [AC], subchondral bone, and synovial membrane and can lead to permanent joint failure. The primary and most commonly used method of diagnosing degenerative changes is classic radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to assess the extent of damage to joint surfaces, but this method is limited by the availability of specialised equipment and the excessive cost of the examination. Arthroscopy, an invasive procedure, is considered the “gold standard” in joint diagnosis. The occurrence of degenerative changes is closely related to the friction and lubrication processes within the joint. The main causes of osteoarthritis are a change or lack of synovial fluid, deformation of the joint bones, local damage to the articular cartilage, and a change in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage due to water loss from the damaged superficial layer. An alternative, non-invasive method that allows for a delicate assessment of the condition of moving joints is vibroarthrography (VAG). The analysis of vibroacoustic signals generated by moving joint surfaces has an immense potential in the non-invasive assessment of the degree of damage to articular cartilage, meniscus and ligaments and the general diagnosis of degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study is to analyse and statistically compare the basic characteristics of vibroacoustic signals recorded with a CM-01B contact microphone placed on the patella for motion in the 90°–0°–90° range in a closed kinetic chain (CKC) in a control group (HC) and a group of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA), qualified for the knee alloplasty.

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