scholarly journals Bidirectional Differentiation of Human-Derived Stem Cells Induced by Biomimetic Calcium Silicate-Reinforced Gelatin Methacrylate Bioink for Odontogenic Regeneration

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Tuan-Ti Hsu ◽  
Yu-Wei Liu ◽  
Chia-Tze Kao ◽  
Tsui-Hsien Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Alternative Treatment Strategy ◽  
Printing Quality

Tooth loss or damage is a common problem affecting millions of people worldwide, and it results in significant impacts on one’s quality of life. Dental regeneration with the support of stem cell-containing scaffolds has emerged as an alternative treatment strategy for such cases. With this concept in mind, we developed various concentrations of calcium silicate (CS) in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa) matrix and fabricated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)-laden scaffolds via the use of a bioprinting technology in order to determine their feasibility in promoting odontogenesis. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of CS increased the number of covalent bonds in the GelMa hydrogels. In addition, rheological analyses were conducted for the different concentrations of hydrogels to evaluate their sol–gel transition temperature. It was shown that incorporation of CS improved the printability and printing quality of the scaffolds. The printed CS-containing scaffolds were able to release silicate (Si) ions, which subsequently significantly enhanced the activation of signaling-related markers such as ERK and significantly improved the expression of odontogenic-related markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and osteocalcin (OC). The calcium deposition assays were also significantly enhanced in the CS-containing scaffold. Our results demonstrated that CS/GelMa scaffolds were not only enhanced in terms of their physicochemical behaviors but the odontogenesis of the hDPSCs was also promoted as compared to GelMa scaffolds. These results demonstrated that CS/GelMa scaffolds can serve as cell-laden materials for future clinical applications and use in dentin regeneration.

scholarly journals Odontoblast-Like Cells Differentiated from Dental Pulp Stem Cells Retain Their Phenotype after Subcultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula A. Baldión ◽  
Myriam L. Velandia-Romero ◽  
Jaime E. Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Mineral Deposition

Odontoblasts, the main cell type in teeth pulp tissue, are not cultivable and they are responsible for the first line of response after dental restauration. Studies on dental materials cytotoxicity and odontoblast cells physiology require large quantity of homogenous cells retaining most of the phenotype characteristics. Odontoblast-like cells (OLC) were differentiated from human dental pulp stem cells using differentiation medium (containing TGF-β1), and OLC expanded after trypsinization (EXP-21) were evaluated and compared. Despite a slower cell growth curve, EXP-21 cells express similarly the odontoblast markers dentinal sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1 concomitantly with RUNX2 transcripts and low alkaline phosphatase activity as expected. Both OLC and EXP-21 cells showed similar mineral deposition activity evidenced by alizarin red and von Kossa staining. These results pointed out minor changes in phenotype of subcultured EXP-21 regarding the primarily differentiated OLC, making the subcultivation of these cells a useful strategy to obtain odontoblasts for biocompatibility or cell physiology studies in dentistry.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Approach to Perforation Repair Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Dentin Matrix Protein 1

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1092-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaa Alsanea ◽  
Sriram Ravindran ◽  
Mohamed I. Fayad ◽  
Bradford R. Johnson ◽  
Christopher S. Wenckus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein 1 ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Dentin Matrix ◽  
Biomimetic Approach

scholarly journals Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6931
Author(s):  
Mohammed Zayed ◽  
Koichiro Iohara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Odontoblast Differentiation ◽  
Bax Protein

Aging, defined by a decrease in the physical and functional integrity of the tissues, leads to age-associated degenerative diseases. There is a relation between aged dental pulp and the senescence of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular processes underlying the senescence of DPSCs to elucidate the dental pulp aging mechanisms. p-Cresol (PC), a uremic toxin, is strongly related to cellular senescence. Here, age-related phenotypic changes including senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, and declining odontoblast differentiation in PC-treated canine DPSCs were investigated. Under the PC condition, cellular senescence was induced by decreased proliferation capacity and increased cell size, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and senescence markers p21, IL-1β, IL-8, and p53. Exposure to PC could stimulate inflammation by the increased expression of IL-6 and cause the distraction of the cell cycle by the increased level of Bax protein and decreased Bcl-2. The levels of odontoblast differentiation markers, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1, and osterix, were decreased. Consistent with those findings, the alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase, and DSPP protein level were decreased during the odontoblast differentiation process. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC could induce cellular senescence in DPSCs, which may demonstrate the changes in aging dental pulp.

scholarly journals The Calcium Channel Affect Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Strontium-Substituted Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Rong Su ◽  
Tsui-Hsien Huang ◽  
Chia-Tze Kao ◽  
Hooi Yee Ng ◽  
Yung-Cheng Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Strontium Ions

There had been a paradigm shift in tissue engineering studies over the past decades. Of which, part of the hype in such studies was based on exploring for novel biomaterials to enhance regeneration. Strontium ions have been reported by others to have a unique effect on osteogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies had demonstrated that strontium ions were able to promote osteoblast growth, and yet at the same time, inhibit the formation of osteoclasts. Strontium is thus considered an important biomaterial in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a Strontium-calcium silicate scaffold using 3D printing technology and evaluated for its cellular proliferation capabilities by assessing for protein quantification and mineralization of Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, verapamil (an L-type of calcium channel blocker, CCB) was used to determine the mechanism of action of strontium ions. The results found that the relative cell proliferation rate on the scaffold was increased between 20% to 60% within 7 days of culture, while the CCB group only had up to approximately 10% proliferation as compared with the control specimen. Besides, the CCB group had downregulation and down expressions of all downstream cell signaling proteins (ERK and P38) and osteogenic-related protein (Col I, OPN, and OC). Furthermore, CCB was found to have 3–4 times lesser calcium deposition and quantification after 7 and 14 days of culture. These results effectively show that the 3D printed strontium-contained scaffold could effectively stimulate stem cells to undergo bone differentiation via activation of L-type calcium channels. Such results showed that strontium-calcium silicate scaffolds have high development potential for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Effect of Biodentine Coated with Emdogain on Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Karkehabadi ◽  
Erfan Ahmadyani ◽  
Rezvan Najafi ◽  
Elham Khoshbin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Dentin Matrix

Abstract Background: This study assessed the effect of Biodentine coated with Emdogain (Biodentine/Emdogain) on proliferation and differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Methods and Results: In this in vitro, experimental study, SCAP were isolated from two immature impacted third molars and cultured. After ensuring the stemness of the cells by assessing their cell surface markers, they were exposed to Biodentine, Emdogain, and Biodentine/Emdogain for 24 and 72 hours. The control cells did not receive any intervention. Cell viability was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Expression of odontogenic differentiation genes was analyzed by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was quantified by the respective kit. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Cell viability did not change after 24 hours of exposure to biomaterials. At 72 hours, the viability of the cells exposed to Biodentine and Biodentine/Emdogain decreased compared with the control group. The expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes, and ALP activity significantly increased in all three experimental groups, compared with the control group at both 24 and 72 hours; this increase was significantly greater in Biodentine/Emdogain group. The number of mineralized nodules significantly increased in all groups after 72 hours with a greater rate in Biodentine/Emdogain group.Conclusions: All biomaterials increased the differentiation of SCAP, expression of odontogenic genes, and ALP activity, but Biodentine/Emdogain was significantly more effective for this purpose.

scholarly journals Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Therapeutic Option for Tooth Regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanwei Chen ◽  
Yongchun Yu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Lanfeng Ye ◽  
Junhui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Tooth Regeneration ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein

Tooth regeneration is considered to be an optimistic approach to replace current treatments for tooth loss. It is important to determine the most suitable seed cells for tooth regeneration. Recently, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have been regarded as a promising candidate for tissue regeneration. However, it has not been reported whether hUCMSCs can be employed in tooth regeneration. Here, we report that hUCMSCs can be induced into odontoblast-like cellsin vitroandin vivo. Induced hUCMSCs expressed dentin-related proteins including dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and their gene expression levels were similar to those in native pulp tissue cells. Moreover, DSP- and DMP-1-positive calcifications were observed after implantation of hUCMSCsin vivo. These findings reveal that hUCMSCs have an odontogenic differentiation potency to differentiate to odontoblast-like cells with characteristic deposition of dentin-like matrixin vivo. This study clearly demonstrates hUCMSCs as an alternative therapeutic cell source for tooth regeneration.

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