scholarly journals Noninvasive Monitoring of Glucose Using Near-Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy of Skin—Constraints and Effective Novel Strategy in Multivariate Calibration

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
H. Michael Heise ◽  
Sven Delbeck ◽  
Ralf Marbach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Spectral Interval ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Vibration Band ◽  
Absorption Bands

For many years, successful noninvasive blood glucose monitoring assays have been announced, among which near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of skin is a promising analytical method. Owing to the tiny absorption bands of the glucose buried among a dominating variable spectral background, multivariate calibration is required to achieve applicability for blood glucose self-monitoring. The most useful spectral range with important analyte fingerprint signatures is the NIR spectral interval containing combination and overtone vibration band regions. A strategy called science-based calibration (SBC) has been developed that relies on a priori information of the glucose signal (“response spectrum”) and the spectral noise, i.e., estimates of the variance of a sample population with negligible glucose dynamics. For the SBC method using transcutaneous reflection skin spectra, the response spectrum requires scaling due to the wavelength-dependent photon penetration depth, as obtained by Monte Carlo simulations of photon migration based on estimates of optical tissue constants. Results for tissue glucose concentrations are presented using lip NIR-spectra of a type-1 diabetic subject recorded under modified oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conditions. The results from the SBC method are extremely promising, as statistical calibrations show limitations under the conditions of ill-posed equation systems as experienced for tissue measurements. The temporal profile differences between the glucose concentration in blood and skin tissue were discussed in detail but needed to be further evaluated.

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring by Means of near Infrared Spectroscopy: Methods for Improving the Reliability of the Calibration Models

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.A. Müller ◽  
B. Mertes ◽  
C. Fischbacher ◽  
K.U. Jageman ◽  
K. Danzer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy

The feasibility of using near infrared reflection spectroscopy for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring is discussed. Spectra were obtained using a diode-array spectrometer with a fiberoptic measuring head with a wavelength ranging from 800 nm to 1350 nm. Calibration was performed using partial least-squares regression and radial basis function networks. The results of different methods used to evaluate the quality of the recorded spectra in order to improve the reliability of the calibration models, are presented.

New Methodology to Obtain a Calibration Model for Noninvasive Near-Infrared Blood Glucose Monitoring

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Maruo ◽  
Tomohiro Oota ◽  
Mitsuhiro Tsurugi ◽  
Takehiro Nakagawa ◽  
Hidenobu Arimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Calibration Model

scholarly journals Prediabetes in pregnancy, can early intervention improve outcomes? A feasibility study for a parallel randomised clinical trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e018493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth C E Hughes ◽  
Janet Rowan ◽  
Jonathan Williman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Early Intervention Group

ObjectiveMeasurement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in early pregnancy is routine in New Zealand to identify women with diabetes and prediabetes. However, the benefit of early intervention in women with prediabetes is inconclusive. Our aim was to test the feasibility of a two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial of standard care versus early intervention in pregnancies complicated by prediabetes.SettingTwo tertiary referral centres in New Zealand.ParticipantsWomen <14 weeks’ gestation and HbA1c ≥5.9%–6.4% (41–46 mmol/mol) measured at booking, without pre-existing diabetes.InterventionsRandomisation was done by remote web-based allocation into one of two groups. Women in the early intervention group attended an antenatal diabetes clinic, commenced daily home blood glucose monitoring, and medication was prescribed if lifestyle measures failed to maintain target blood glucose levels. Controls received lifestyle education, continued standard care with their midwife and/or obstetrician, and were asked to perform a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24 weeks’ gestation with a referral to clinic if this test was positive. Both groups received lifestyle questionnaires at recruitment and in late pregnancy.Outcome measuresRecruitment rate, adherence to protocol and validation of potential primary outcomes.ResultsRecruitment rates were lower than expected, especially in Māori and Pacific women. Non-adherence to allocated treatment protocol was significant, 42% (95% CI 24% to 61%) in the early intervention group and 30% (95% CI 16% to 51%) in controls. Caesarean section and pre-eclampsia were signalled as potential primary outcomes, due to both the high observed incidence in the control group and ease of measurement.ConclusionsFor a future definitive trial, extending the gestation of eligibility and stepped-wedge cluster randomisation may overcome the identified feasibility issues. Consistent with published observational data, pre-eclampsia and emergency caesarean section could be included as primary outcome measures, both of which have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and healthcare costs.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000904572; Pre-results.

Noninvasive Blood Glucose Assay by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of the Human Inner Lip

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marbach ◽  
Th. Koschinsky ◽  
F. A. Gries ◽  
H. M. Heise
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the human inner lip were obtained by using a special optimized accessory for diffuse reflectance measurements. The partial-least squares (PLS) multivariate calibration algorithm was applied for linear regression of the spectral data between 9000 and 5500 cm−1 (Λ = 1.1–1.8 μm) against blood glucose concentrations determined by a standard clinical enzymatic method. Calibration experiments with a single person were carried out under varying conditions, as well as with a population of 133 different patients, with capillary and venous blood glucose concentration values provided. A genuine correlation between the blood glucose concentrations and the NIR-spectra can be proven. A time lag of about 10 min for the glucose concentration in the spectroscopically probed tissue volume vs. the capillary concentration can be estimated. Mean-square prediction errors obtained by cross-validation were in the range of 45 to 55 mg/dL. An analysis of different variance factors showed that the major contribution to the average prediction uncertainty was due to the reduced measurement reproducibility, i.e., variations in lip position and contact pressure. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance NIR-spectroscopy for the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose.

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