scholarly journals Hyperarousal Is Associated with Socioemotional Processing in Individuals with Insomnia Symptoms and Good Sleepers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben D. M. Howlett ◽  
Kari A. Lustig ◽  
Kevin J. MacDonald ◽  
Kimberly A. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Group Self ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Or Task

Despite complaints of difficulties in waking socioemotional functioning by individuals with insomnia, only a few studies have investigated emotion processing performance in this group. Additionally, the role of sleep in socioemotional processing has not been investigated extensively nor using quantitative measures of sleep. Individuals with insomnia symptoms (n = 14) and healthy good sleepers (n = 15) completed two nights of at-home polysomnography, followed by an afternoon of in-lab performance testing on tasks measuring the processing of emotional facial expressions. The insomnia group self-reported less total sleep time, but no other group differences in sleep or task performance were observed. Greater beta EEG power throughout the night was associated with higher intensity ratings of happy, fearful and sad faces for individuals with insomnia, yet blunted sensitivity and lower accuracy for good sleepers. Thus, the presence of hyperarousal differentially impacted socioemotional processing of faces in individuals with insomnia symptoms and good sleepers.

scholarly journals Sleep Efficiency and Total Sleep Time in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Insomnia Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Alshehri ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alkathiry ◽  
Aqeel M. Alenazi ◽  
Shaima A. Alothman ◽  
Jason L. Rucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

There is increasing awareness of the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Past studies have established the importance of measuring sleep parameters using measures of central tendency and variability. Additionally, subjective and objective methods involve different constructs due to the discrepancies between the two approaches. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the averages of sleep parameters in individuals with T2D with and without insomnia symptoms and comparing the variability of sleep parameters in these individuals. This study assessed the between-group differences in the averages and variability of sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) of 59 participants with T2D with and without insomnia symptoms. Actigraph measurements and sleep diaries were used to assess sleep parameter averages and variabilities calculated by the coefficient of variation across 7 nights. Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized to compare group differences in the outcomes. Validated instruments were used to assess the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain as covariates. Objective SE was found to be statistically lower on average (85.98±4.29) and highly variable (5.88±2.57) for patients with T2D and insomnia symptoms than in those with T2D only (90.23±6.44 and 3.82±2.05, respectively). The subjective average and variability of SE were also worse in patients with T2D and insomnia symptoms, with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain potentially playing a role in this difference. TST did not significantly differ between the groups on averages or in variability even after controlling for age and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain. Future studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of worse averages and variability of SE in individuals with T2D and insomnia symptoms. Additionally, prompting the associated risk factors of insomnia symptoms in individuals with T2D might be warranted.

scholarly journals Personality Traits and Insomnia Symptoms in Shift Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Holzinger ◽  
Lucille Mayer ◽  
Gerhard Klösch
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

The discrepancy between natural sleep-wake rhythm and actual sleep times in shift workers can cause sleep loss and negative daytime consequences. Irregular shift schedules do not follow a fixed structure and change frequently, which makes them particularly harmful and makes affected individuals more susceptible to insomnia. The present study compares insomnia symptoms of non-shift workers, regular shift workers, and irregular shift workers and takes into account the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits and levels of perfectionism. Employees of an Austrian railway company completed an online survey assessing shift schedules, sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and personality traits. A total of 305 participants, of whom 111 were non-shift workers, 60 regular shift workers, and 134 irregular shift workers, made up the final sample. Irregular shift workers achieved significantly worse scores than one or both of the other groups in time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep latency, and the number of awakenings. However, the values of the irregular shifts workers are still in the average range and do not indicate clinical insomnia. Participants working regular shifts reported the best sleep quality and longest sleep duration and showed the least nocturnal awakenings, possibly due to higher conscientiousness- and lower neuroticism scores in this group. Agreeableness increased the effect of work schedule on total sleep time while decreasing its effect on the amount of sleep medication taken. Perfectionism increased the effect of work schedule on time in bed and total sleep time. Generalization of results is limited due to the high percentage of males in the sample and using self-report measures only.

scholarly journals 1059 Sleep Parameters In People With Type 2 Diabetes With And Without Insomnia Symptoms

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A402-A403
Author(s):  
M Alshehri ◽  
A Alkathiry ◽  
A Alenazi ◽  
S Alothman ◽  
J Rucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Circular Data ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction There is an increasing awareness of the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Past studies have demonstrated the importance of measuring sleep parameters in both averages and variabilities using subjective and objective methods. Thus, we aimed to compare the averages and variability of sleep parameters in people with T2D with and without insomnia symptoms. Methods Actigraph measurements and sleep diaries were used in 59 participants to assess sleep parameters, including sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency, total sleep time, and wake after sleep onset over seven nights. Validated instruments were used to assess the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain. Circular data were used to describe the distribution of bed distribution with SE as a magnitude for both groups. Mann Whitney U test was utilized to compare averages and variability of sleep parameters between the two groups. Multivariable general linear model to control for demographic and clinical variables. For the secondary aim, multiple linear regression tests were utilized to assess the association between averages and variability values for both groups. Results SE was found to be lower in average and higher in variability for participants with T2D and insomnia symptoms, than those with T2D only subjectively and objectively. SE variability was also the only sleep parameter higher in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms, with psychological symptoms potentially playing a role in this difference. We observed that people in T2D+Insomnia tend to go to bed earlier compared to the T2D only group based on objective measures, but no difference was observed between groups in subjective measures. The only significant relationship in both objective and subjective measures was between the averages and variability of SE. Conclusion Our findings suggest a discrepancy between subjective and objective measures in only average of total sleep time, as well as agreement in measures of variability in sleep parameters. Also, the relationship between averages and variabilities suggested the importance of improving SE to minimize its variability. Further research is warranted to investigate the complex relationship between sleep parameters and psychological factors in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms. Support None

Mediating role of screen media use on adolescents' total sleep time: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial for physical activity and sedentary behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Margarethe Thaisi Garro Knebel ◽  
Adriano Ferreti Borgatto ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes ◽  
Priscila Cristina Santos ◽  
Thiago Sousa Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Screen Media ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Screen Media Use ◽  
Cluster Randomized

scholarly journals Role of sleep continuity and total sleep time in executive function across the adult lifespan.

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine A. Wilckens ◽  
Sarah G. Woo ◽  
Afton R. Kirk ◽  
Kirk I. Erickson ◽  
Mark E. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Sleep Continuity

Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Adolescent Total Sleep Time, Social Jetlag, and Insomnia Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlynn M. Rojo-Wissar ◽  
David W. Sosnowski ◽  
Maggie M. Ingram ◽  
Chandra L. Jackson ◽  
Brion S. Maher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

scholarly journals Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in adolescents with comorbid psychiatric disorders: A clinical pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-971
Author(s):  
Lie Åslund ◽  
Mats Lekander ◽  
Rikard K Wicksell ◽  
Eva Henje ◽  
Susanna Jernelöv
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Background: Insomnia is common in adolescents and often comorbid with psychiatric disorders. This study evaluated changes in insomnia, sleep, and comorbid symptoms following cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in adolescents with comorbid psychiatric disorders and chronic pain. Methods: In this non-controlled clinical pilot study, participants ( n = 23, 78% female) were recruited from adolescent psychiatry and pediatric pain clinics. Assessments of self-reported insomnia, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency and depression, anxiety, functional disability, and pain intensity were completed at pre- and post-intervention and 3 months follow-up. Results: From pre- to post-intervention, statistically significant improvements were found for insomnia symptoms ( p < .001; d = 1.63), sleep onset latency ( p < .001; d = 1.04), wake after sleep onset ( p < .001; d = 0.38), total sleep time ( p = .015; d = 0.22), sleep efficiency ( p < .001; d = 1.00), depression ( p < .001; d = 0.87), and anxiety ( p = .001; d = 0.31). Only eight participants reported data at follow-up with maintained improvements for all measures. Conclusion: This study provides support that insomnia symptoms and sleep can improve following CBT-I delivered in a clinical setting and that co-occurring psychiatric symptoms can be reduced. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the uncontrolled conditions and limited sample size. Well-powered clinical trials are needed to validate the suggested effects.

scholarly journals Body Composition Impact on Sleep in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Sedentariness, Physical Activity, and Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Almudena Carneiro-Barrera ◽  
Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Francisco M. Acosta ◽  
Jonatan R. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
High Bmi

Obesity and sleep disturbances are both related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with sleep in young adults, considering the mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. A total of 187 adults aged 18–25 (35.29% men) participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, and waist–height ratio were calculated, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition. Sedentary time and physical activity, as well as sleep duration and quality, were objectively and subjectively measured using accelerometry and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. An inverse association was found between BMI and total sleep time (β = −0.165, p = 0.029). Waist–hip ratio and lean mass index were also negatively associated with total sleep time (β = −0.222, p = 0.007, and β = −0.219, p = 0.004) and sleep efficiency (β = −0.174, p = 0.037, and β = −0.188, p = 0.013). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the association of BMI with total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Sedentary time is, therefore, a link/risk factor mediating the association of high BMI with short sleep duration in healthy young men.

scholarly journals Effects of traumatic brain injury on sleep and enlarged perivascular spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2258-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Opel ◽  
Alison Christy ◽  
Erin L Boespflug ◽  
Kristianna B Weymann ◽  
Brendan Case ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Clearance of perivascular wastes in the brain may be critical to the pathogenesis of amyloidopathies. Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) on MRI have also been associated with amyloidopathies, suggesting that there may be a mechanistic link between ePVS and impaired clearance. Sleep and traumatic brain injury (TBI) both modulate clearance of amyloid-beta through glymphatic function. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the relationship between sleep, TBI, and ePVS on brain MRI. A retrospective study was performed in individuals with overnight polysomnography and 3T brain MRI consented from a single site ( n = 38). Thirteen of these individuals had a medically confirmed history of TBI. ePVS were visually assessed by blinded experimenters and analyzed in conjunction with sleep metrics and TBI status. Overall, individuals with shorter total sleep time had significantly higher ePVS burden. Furthermore, individuals with TBI showed a stronger relationship between sleep and ePVS compared to the non-TBI group. These results support the hypothesis that ePVS may be modulated by sleep and TBI, and may have implications for the role of the glymphatic system in ePVS.

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