scholarly journals Proliferation, Adult Neuronal Stem Cells and Cells Migration in Pallium during Constitutive Neurogenesis and after Traumatic Injury of Telencephalon of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Pushchina ◽  
Eva I. Zharikova ◽  
Anatoly A. Varaksin ◽  
Igor M. Prudnikov ◽  
Vladimir N. Tsyvkin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Neuronal Precursor ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
Proliferative Zone ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells ◽  
Glial Progenitors ◽  
The Brain

A study of the lateral pallium in zebrafish and the visual tectum of the medaka revealed a population of adult neuroepithelial (NE) cells supported from the early stage of development to various postembryonic stages of ontogenesis. These data emphasize the importance of non-radial glial stem cells in the neurogenesis of adult animals, in particular fish. However, the distribution, cell cycle features, and molecular markers of NE cells and glial progenitors in fish are still poorly understood at the postembryonic stages of ontogenesis. Fetalization predominates in the ontogenetic development of salmon fish, which is associated with a delay in development and preservation of the features of the embryonic structure of the brain during the first year of life. In the present work, we studied the features of proliferation and the migration of neuronal precursors in the pallial proliferative zone of juvenile Oncorhynchus masou. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the distribution of glial-type aNSCs markers, such as vimentin and glial fibrillar acid protein GFAP, as well as the proliferation marker BrdU and migratory neuronal precursor doublecortin, in the pallial zone of the intact telencephalon in juvenile O. masou normal and after mechanical injury. The immunohistochemical IHC labeling with antibodies to vimentin, GFAP and doublecortin in the pallium of intact fish revealed single, small, round and oval immunopositive cells, that correspond to a persistent pool of neuronal and/or glial progenitors. After the injury, heterogeneous cell clusters, radial glia processes, single and small intensely labeled GFAP+ cells in the parenchyma of Dd and lateral part of pallium (Dl) appeared, corresponding to reactive neurogenic niches containing glial aNSCs. A multifold increase in the pool of Vim+ neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) resulting from the injury was observed. Vim+ cells of the neuroepithelial type in Dd and Dm and cells of the glial type were identified in Dl after the injury. Doublecortine (Dc) immunolabeling after the injury revealed the radial migration of neuroblasts into Dm from the neurogenic zone of the pallium. The appearance of intensely labeled Dc+ cells in the brain parenchyma might indicate the activation of resident aNSCs as a consequence of the traumatic process.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells/Neuronal Precursor Cells and Postmitotic Neuroblasts in Constitutive Neurogenesis and After ,Traumatic Injury to the Mesencephalic Tegmentum of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Pushchina ◽  
Kapustyanov ◽  
Varaksin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Neuronal Precursor ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells ◽  
Juvenile Chum Salmon

The proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs)/neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) and the occurrence of postmitotic neuroblasts in the mesencephalic tegmentum of intact juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, and at 3 days after a tegmental injury, were studied by immunohistochemical labeling. BrdU+ constitutive progenitor cells located both in the periventricular matrix zone and in deeper subventricular and parenchymal layers of the brain are revealed in the tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon. As a result of traumatic damage to the tegmentum, the proliferation of resident progenitor cells of the neuroepithelial type increases. Nestin-positive and vimentin-positive NPCs and granules located in the periventricular and subventricular matrix zones, as well as in the parenchymal regions of the tegmentum, are revealed in the mesencephalic tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon, which indicates a high level of constructive metabolism and constitutive neurogenesis. The expression of vimentin and nestin in the extracellular space, as well as additionally in the NSCs and NPCs of the neuroepithelial phenotype, which do not express nestin in the control animals, is enhanced during the traumatic process. As a result of the proliferation of such cells in the post-traumatic period, local Nes+ and Vim+ NPCs clusters are formed and become involved in the reparative response. Along with the primary traumatic lesion, which coincides with the injury zone, additional Nes+ and Vim+ secondary lesions are observed to form in the adjacent subventricular and parenchymal zones of the tegmentum. In the lateral tegmentum, the number of doublecortin-positive cells is higher compared to that in the medial tegmentum, which determines the different intensities and rates of neuronal differentiation in the sensory and motor regions of the tegmentum, respectively. In periventricular regions remote from the injury, the expression of doublecortin in single cells and their groups significantly increases compared to that in the damage zone.

scholarly journals Purinergic Signaling Pathway in Human Olfactory Neuronal Precursor Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Héctor Solís-Chagoyán ◽  
Edgar Flores-Soto ◽  
Marcela Valdés-Tovar ◽  
Montserrat G. Cercós ◽  
Eduardo Calixto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
P2x Receptor ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Neuronal Precursor ◽  
Clonal Culture ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells

Extracellular ATP and trophic factors released by exocytosis modulate in vivo proliferation, migration, and differentiation in multipotent stem cells (MpSC); however, the purinoceptors mediating this signaling remain uncharacterized in stem cells derived from the human olfactory epithelium (hOE). Our aim was to determine the purinergic pathway in isolated human olfactory neuronal precursor cells (hONPC) that exhibit MpSC features. Cloning by limiting dilution from a hOE heterogeneous primary culture was performed to obtain a culture predominantly constituted by hONPC. Effectiveness of cloning to isolate MpSC-like precursors was corroborated through immunodetection of specific protein markers and by functional criteria such as self-renewal, proliferation capability, and excitability of differentiated progeny. P2 receptor expression in hONPC was determined by Western blot, and the role of these purinoceptors in the ATP-induced exocytosis and changes in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were evaluated using the fluorescent indicators FM1-43 and Fura-2 AM, respectively. The clonal culture was enriched with SOX2 and OCT3/4 transcription factors; additionally, the proportion of nestin-immunopositive cells, the proliferation capability, and functionality of differentiated progeny remained unaltered through the long-term clonal culture. hONPC expressed P2X receptor subtypes 1, 3-5, and 7, as well as P2Y2, 4, 6, and 11; ATP induced both exocytosis and a transient [Ca2+]i increase predominantly by activation of metabotropic P2Y receptors. Results demonstrated for the first time that ex vivo-expressed functional P2 receptors in MpSC-like hONPC regulate exocytosis and Ca2+ signaling. This purinergic-triggered release of biochemical messengers to the extracellular milieu might be involved in the paracrine signaling among hOE cells.

Neuronal stem cells in the brain of adult vertebrates

Stem Cells ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Alvarez‐Buylla ◽  
Carlos Lois
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Development of neuronal precursor cells and functional postmitotic neurons from embryonic stem cells in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Okabe ◽  
Karin Forsberg-Nilsson ◽  
A. Cyril Spiro ◽  
Menahem Segal ◽  
Ronald D.G. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Precursor ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells ◽  
Postmitotic Neurons

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Delivery of Microbeads with Encapsulated, Viable and Quiescent Neural Stem Cells to the Adult Subventricular Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Matta ◽  
Seyoung Lee ◽  
Nafiisha Genet ◽  
Karen K. Hirschi ◽  
Jean-Leon Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStem cell therapies demonstrate promising results as treatment for neurological disease and injury, owing to their innate ability to enhance endogenous neural tissue repair and promote functional recovery. However, delivery of undifferentiated and viable neuronal stem cells requires an engineered delivery system that promotes integration of transplanted cells into the inflamed and cytotoxic region of damaged tissue. Within the brain, endothelial cells (EC) of the subventricular zone play a critical role in neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance, quiescence and survival. Therefore, here, we describe the use of polyethylene glycol microbeads for the coincident delivery of EC and NSC as a means of enhancing appropriate NSC quiescence and survival during transplantation into the mouse brain. We demonstrate that EC and NSC co-encapsulation maintained NSC quiescence, enhanced NSC viability, and facilitated NSC extravasation in vitro, as compared to NSC encapsulated alone. In addition, co-encapsulated cells delivered to an in vivo non-injury model reduced inflammatory response compared to freely injected NSC. These results suggest the strong potential of a biomimetic engineered niche for NSC delivery into the brain following neurological injury.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective properties of the C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor in hypoxic hypoxia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
G. N. Zyuz’kov ◽  
E. V. Udut ◽  
L. A. Miroshnichenko ◽  
T. Ju. Poljakova ◽  
E. V. Simanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
Orientation And Exploratory Behavior ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of the JNK inhibitor on the induction of disturbances in the psychoneurological status of experimental animals in the modeling of posthypoxic encephalopathy and to reveal the mechanisms of its action related to the functioning of the neural stem cells of the brain. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 64 male outbred mice. Posthypoxic encephalopathy was modeled in non-native mice with hypoxia of the hermetic volume. The JNK inhibitor was administered to mice subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg once before hypoxic exposure. We studied the neuropsychiatric status, the content of neuronal stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain of experimental animals, and the direct effect of the JNK inhibitor on intact neural stem cells in vitro. Results. The expressed cerebroprotective action of the pharmacological agent was revealed, which consisted of normalizing the indices of orientation and exploratory behavior and conditioned activity in experimental animals. These effects developed against a background of a significant increase in the content of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain. In the experiments in vitro, a direct stimulating effect of the JNK inhibitor on neural stem cells was found. Conclusions. The obtained results showed a neuroprotective action of the JNK inhibitor. At the same time, the prevention and compensation of the development of disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system is based on the preservation of the ability of the nerve tissue to repair andassociated with the functioning of resident neural stem cells.

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