scholarly journals Cognitive Benefits of Activity Engagement among 12,093 Adults Aged over 65 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Jieting Zhang ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Can Jiao ◽  
Minqiang Zhang ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Active Class

Objective: The present study includes two aims: (1) to understand patterns of activity engagement among older Chinese adults; (2) to further investigate associations between activity engagement and cognitive abilities in this population. Methods: Latent class analysis was applied to answer the aforementioned research questions across different age ranges while controlling for confounding variables (age, health, socioeconomic status (SES), and living alone). Specifically, five latent classes (non-active, working-active, comprehensive-active, physical-active, and less-active) were identified. Furthermore, associations between the classes of activity engagement and cognition were examined separately in three age groups: less than 80 years (young-old group), 80–99.5 years (old-old group) and more than 100 years (oldest-old group) of age. Results: Compared with Non-active older individuals, the other classes with a higher probability of engagement in various activities generally showed higher cognitive abilities (including general cognition, orientation, calculation, recall, and language), but not all patterns of active engagement in daily life were positively associated with better cognitive status across different age ranges. In particular, differences in the individuals’ cognitive abilities across the four active latent classes were especially obvious in the old-old group as follows: the Comprehensive-active class had higher general cognitive and recall abilities than the other three active classes and higher calculation and language abilities than the Working-active class. In addition, significant sex differences were observed in activity patterns, cognition, and their associations in the young-old and old-old groups. Culture-specific programs should be customized to subgroups of different ages and genders by providing different training or activity modules based on their related dimensions of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Decline in Memory, Visuospatial Ability, and Crystalized Cognitive Abilities in Older Adults: Normative Aging or Terminal Decline?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bendayan ◽  
A. M. Piccinin ◽  
S. M. Hofer ◽  
D. Cadar ◽  
B. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normative Aging

The aim of this study is to explore the pattern of change in multiple measures of cognitive abilities in a sample of oldest-old adults, comparing two different time metrics (chronological age and time to death) and therefore examining both underlying conceptual assumptions (age-related change and terminal decline). Moreover, the association with individual characteristics as sex, education, and dementia diagnosis was also examined. Measures of cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination and the Swedish Clock Test) and tests of crystallized (knowledge and synonyms), memory (verbal memory, nonverbal long-term memory, recognition and correspondence, and short-term memory), and visuospatial ability were included. The sample consisted of 671 older Swedish adult participants of the OCTO Twin Study. Linear mixed models with random coefficients were used to analyse change patterns and BIC indexes were used to compare models. Results showed that the time to death model was the best option in analyses of change in all the cognitive measures considered (except for the Information Test). A significant cognitive decline over time was found for all variables. Individuals diagnosed with dementia had lower scores at the study entrance and a faster decline. More educated individuals performed better in all the measures of cognition at study entry than those with poorer education, but no differences were found in the rate of change. Differences were found in age, sex, or time to death at baseline across the different measures. These results support the terminal decline hypothesis when compared to models assuming that cognitive changes are driven by normative aging processes.

Explanatory Secondary Dimension Modeling of Latent Differential Item Functioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul De Boeck ◽  
Sun-Joo Cho ◽  
Mark Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Mixture Models ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Property A ◽  
Arithmetic Operations ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Time Specific

The models used in this article are secondary dimension mixture models with the potential to explain differential item functioning (DIF) between latent classes, called latent DIF. The focus is on models with a secondary dimension that is at the same time specific to the DIF latent class and linked to an item property. A description of the models is provided along with a means of estimating model parameters using easily available software and a description of how the models behave in two applications. One application concerns a test that is sensitive to speededness and the other is based on an arithmetic operations test where the division items show latent DIF.

Social Interactions in Old Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-146
Author(s):  
Victoria E. A. Brunsdon ◽  
Elisabeth E. F. Bradford ◽  
Heather J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social World ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Action Understanding ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Social Interaction ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Social relationships play an important role in healthy ageing, with positive social interaction experiences predicting better mental and physical health. Research into social-cognitive abilities has often focused on the development of these abilities in childhood. This chapter will look at the other end of the lifespan, examining changes in social cognition abilities in older individuals as a result of healthy ageing. In particular, it focuses on several social processes, including Theory of Mind, empathy, emotion recognition, action understanding, and imitation, looking at reported changes in these abilities as a result of advancing age, and factors that may influence these changes across individuals. It also discusses potential intervention protocols aimed at reducing social-cognitive declines in older age, and how these reported abilities influence day-to-day functioning in the social world.

Frailty and Risk of Suicide in Young-Old to Oldest-Old Veterans

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. S70-S71
Author(s):  
Randall Kuffel ◽  
Ruth Morin ◽  
Kenneth Covinsky ◽  
John Boscardin ◽  
Yixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Young Old

Examining Associations Between Race, Gender, Alcohol Use, School Performance, and Patterns of Bullying in the School Context: A Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199912
Author(s):  
Valdemir Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Juliana Y. Valente ◽  
Zila M. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
School Context ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables

Although many studies addressed bullying occurrence and its associations, they often use individual variables constructed from few items that probably are inadequate to evaluate bullying severity and type. We aimed to identify involvement patterns in bullying victimization and perpetration, and its association with alcohol use, school performance, and sociodemographic variables. Baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial were used and a latent class analysis was conducted to identify bullying patterns among 1,742 fifth-grade and 2,316 seventh-grade students from 30 public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using an anonymous self-reported, audio-guided questionnaire completed by the participants on smartphones. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to verify how covariant variables affected bullying latent classes. Both grades presented the same four latent classes: low bullying, moderate bullying victimization, high bullying victimization, and high bullying victimization and perpetration. Alcohol use was associated with all bullying classes in both grades, with odds ratio up to 5.36 (95% CI 3.05; 10.38) among fifth graders from the high bullying victimization and perpetration class. Poor school performance was also strongly associated with this class (aOR = 10.12, 95%CI = 4.19; 24.41). Black/brown 5th graders were 3.35 times more likely to fit into the high bullying victimization class (95% CI 1.34; 8.37). Lack of evidence for association of sociodemographic variables and bullying latent class among seventh-grade students was found. Bullying and alcohol use are highly harmful behaviors that must be prevented. However, prevention programs should consider how racial and gender issues are influencing the way students experience violence.

Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects of the Aging Process on Neuropsychological Test Performance in the Healthy Young-Old and Oldest-Old

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Hickman ◽  
Diane B. Howieson ◽  
Alison Dame ◽  
Gary Sexton ◽  
Jeffrey Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Young Old

scholarly journals Memory-Related Frontal Brainwaves Predict Transition to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Healthy Older Individuals Five Years Before Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Jiang ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Frederick A. Schmitt ◽  
Gregory A. Jicha ◽  
Nancy B. Munro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Differentiation Pattern

Background: Early prognosis of high-risk older adults for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), using noninvasive and sensitive neuromarkers, is key for early prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. We have developed individualized measures in electrophysiological brain signals during working memory that distinguish patients with aMCI from age-matched cognitively intact older individuals. Objective: Here we test longitudinally the prognosis of the baseline neuromarkers for aMCI risk. We hypothesized that the older individuals diagnosed with incident aMCI already have aMCI-like brain signatures years before diagnosis. Methods: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and memory performance were recorded during a working memory task at baseline. The individualized baseline neuromarkers, annual cognitive status, and longitudinal changes in memory recall scores up to 10 years were analyzed. Results: Seven of the 19 cognitively normal older adults were diagnosed with incident aMCI for a median 5.2 years later. The seven converters’ frontal brainwaves were statistically identical to those patients with diagnosed aMCI (n = 14) at baseline. Importantly, the converters’ baseline memory-related brainwaves (reduced mean frontal responses to memory targets) were significantly different from those who remained normal. Furthermore, differentiation pattern of left frontal memory-related responses (targets versus nontargets) was associated with an increased risk hazard of aMCI (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.03, 2.08). Conclusion: The memory-related neuromarkers detect MCI-like brain signatures about five years before diagnosis. The individualized frontal neuromarkers index increased MCI risk at baseline. These noninvasive neuromarkers during our Bluegrass memory task have great potential to be used repeatedly for individualized prognosis of MCI risk and progression before clinical diagnosis.

Operating Characteristics of the neurobehavioral cognitive Status Exam Using Neuropsychological Assessment as the Criterion

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Karzmark
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

This study examined the performance characteristics of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NCSE) using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment as the criterion. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for the NCSE as a whole and for the individual subtests as measures of discrete cognitive abilities. The sample consisted of 50 consecutive outpatient referrals to the neuropsychological assessment service of a general medical hospital. Most of the patients in the sample had mild or moderate cognitive dysfunction. The sensitivity and specificity of the NCSE as a whole were .74 and .86, respectively. The sensitivity of the individual NCSE subtests was lower, ranging from .20 to .48. Specificity of subtests was high (.64 to .97). The results suggest that the operating characteristics of the NCSE depend significantly on the severity and nature of the sample assessed and the criterion used. They also indicate the need for caution in using NCSE subtest performance as a basis for concluding that specific cognitive abilities are normal.

scholarly journals Impact of rehabilitation measures on cognitive dysfunction in older patients after surgical treatment of nuclear cataract

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Popova ◽  
◽  
Evgenia V. Popova ◽  
Evgenia V. Popova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures

Background. The high prevalence of nuclear cataracts in older age groups is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in cognitive abilities as a result of this ophthalmic disease, and other General somatic polymorbid pathology. Aim. To study the cognitive abilities of elderly and senile patients with nuclear cataracts during medical rehabilitation. Materials and methods. In clinical conditions, 68 elderly and senile patients with nuclear cataract underwent femtolaser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, and in the postoperative period, medical and non-drug rehabilitation was performed (the main group). The control group con-sisted of 65 patients with nuclear cataract of the same age who also underwent the above-mentioned surgery without rehabilitation measures. The MMSE scale was used to assess cognitive impairment. Results. 9 months after surgical treatment, the cognitive status of patients in the main group improved from 17.4±0.2 to 20.7±0.3 points (p>0.05). Moderate initial cognitive dysfunction in patients of the main group changed to mild after 9 months, while in the control group it remained the same. At the same time, the proportion of patients with moderate cognitive impairment decreased significantly in the main group from 61.71±5.9% before rehabilitation to 13.2±4.1% after it was completed, and the number of patients with no cognitive deficit increased (p<0.001). In the control group, the number of patients with moderate cognitive impairment decreased from 60.0±6.0 to 46.2±6.2% (p>0.05). Conclusion. The implementation of rehabilitation measures in the postoperative period helps to improve the cognitive status of older patients with nuclear ca-taracts.

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