scholarly journals Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Krzysztof H. Olszyński ◽  
Rafał Polowy ◽  
Agnieszka D. Wardak ◽  
Aneta W. Grymanowska ◽  
Robert K. Filipkowski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Prior Stress

We investigated the effects of prior stress on rats’ responses to 50-kHz (appetitive) and 22-kHz (aversive) ultrasonic playback. Rats were treated with 0, 1, 6 or 10 shocks (1 s, 1.0 mA each) and were exposed to playbacks the following day. Previous findings were confirmed: (i) rats moved faster during 50-kHz playback and slowed down after 22-kHz playback; (ii) they all approached the speaker, which was more pronounced during and following 50-kHz playback than 22-kHz playback; (iii) 50-kHz playback caused heart rate (HR) increase; 22-kHz playback caused HR decrease; (iv) the rats vocalized more often during and following 50-kHz playback than 22-kHz playback. The previous shock affected the rats such that singly-shocked rats showed lower HR throughout the experiment and a smaller HR response to 50-kHz playback compared to controls and other shocked groups. Interestingly, all pre-shocked rats showed higher locomotor activity during 50-kHz playback and a more significant decrease in activity following 22-kHz playback; they vocalized more often, their ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were longer and at a higher frequency than those of the control animals. These last two observations could point to hypervigilance, a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in human patients. Increased vocalization may be a valuable measure of hypervigilance used for PTSD modeling.

Heart Rate Variability, Sleep, and the Early Detection of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert J. M. van Boxtel ◽  
Pierre J. M. Cluitmans ◽  
Roy J. E. M. Raymann ◽  
Martin Ouwerkerk ◽  
Ad J. M. Denissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Thermal signature of fear conditioning in mild post traumatic stress disorder

Neuroscience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Giacinto ◽  
M. Brunetti ◽  
G. Sepede ◽  
A. Ferretti ◽  
A. Merla
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Thermal Signature

scholarly journals Electroconvulsive Therapy with a Memory Reactivation Intervention for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Tang ◽  
Kathleen Trought ◽  
Kristina M. Gicas ◽  
Mari Kozak ◽  
Sheena A. Josselyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractIntroductionPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often does not respond to available treatments. Memories are vulnerable to disruption during reconsolidation, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has amnestic effects. We sought to exploit this phenomenon as a potential treatment for PTSD with a clinical trial of patients with PTSD receiving ECT.MethodsTwenty-eight participants with severe depression with comorbid PTSD referred for ECT treatment were randomly assigned to reactivation of a traumatic or non-traumatic memory using script driven imagery prior to each ECT treatment. Primary outcomes were change in scores on the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale - Self Report (MPSS-SR) and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Assessments were completed by blinded raters. Secondary outcomes included a comparison of the change in heart rate while listening to the script.ResultsTwenty-five patients who completed a post-ECT assessment were included in the analysis. No significant group differences were found in the MPSS-SR or CAPS-5 scores from pre-ECT to post-ECT or 3-month follow-ups. However, both groups improved at post-ECT and 3-month follow up. Partial eta squared estimates of effect size showed large effect sizes for all outcomes (η2 > 0.13). Changes in heart rate were not significantly different between groups or over time.ConclusionsIn this RCT, ECT paired with pre-treatment traumatic memory reactivation was not more effective for treating PTSD symptoms than ECT alone. While our primary hypothesis was not supported, our data provides further support for the efficacy of ECT for improving symptoms of PTSD with comorbid depression.ClinicalTrials.govhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04027452Identifier: NCT04027452

scholarly journals Characteristics of Heart Rate Variability in War Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Myocardial Infarction

2007 ◽  
Vol 172 (11) ◽  
pp. 1190-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Lakusic ◽  
Krunoslav Fuckar ◽  
Darija Mahovic ◽  
Dusko Cerovec ◽  
Marcel Majsec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract 17013: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with Adverse Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability in Veteran Twins

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danesh K Kella ◽  
Rachel Lampert ◽  
Forrester Lee ◽  
Jack Goldberg ◽  
Douglas Bremner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Current Ptsd

BACKGROUND: Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and mortality. Psychological conditions may have an adverse effect on the autonomic nervous system, and may in part have genetic origins. Novel non-linear measures of heart rate variability (HRV), such as fractal dimension (FD) and power law slope have been associated with mortality and may signify autonomic dysfunction. We hypothesized that PTSD is associated with reduced FD and increased power law slope, suggesting higher mortality risk. METHODS: FD and power law slope were measured from 24-hour Holter recordings in 416 predominantly healthy middle-aged male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Current (symptoms within the past month) and remitted (past history of) PTSD were measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatry Disorders. Mixed-effect regression models were used to adjust for twin clustering and account for genetic/familial influences. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 ± 3 years, 35 had current PTSD, and 46 had remitted PTSD. In models that analyzed twins as individuals, current PTSD was significantly associated with 22% reduced FD and 18% increased power law slope. This association persisted for power law slope after adjustment for traditional risk factors, lifestyle factors, depression, and anti-depressant medication use (table). After controlling for genetic/familial factors by comparing twin brothers discordant for current PTSD within pairs (20 pairs), both measures remained significantly associated with current PTSD. Remitted PTSD did not influence HRV measures. No interaction by zygosity was found. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam era veterans with PTSD have reduced FD and increased power law slope persisting after multivariable adjustment. This suggests that autonomic mechanisms, independent of genetic and familial effects, may contribute to increased CHD and mortality in veterans with PTSD.

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