Understanding the Demographic Predictors and Associated Comorbidities in Children Hospitalized with Conduct Disorder

Objective: To determine the demographic predictors and comorbidities in hospitalized children with conduct disorder. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2012–2014). All patients were ≤18 years old and cases with a primary diagnosis of conduct disorder (n = 32,345), and a comparison group with another psychiatric diagnosis (n = 410,479) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)diagnosis codes. A logistic regression model was used to generate the odds ratio (OR) between both groups. Results: Children < 11 years old have a five times greater chance of admission for conduct disorder than adolescents (OR = 5.339). African American males are more likely to be admitted for conduct disorder. Children with conduct disorder from low-income families have a 1.5 times higher likelihood of inpatient admission compared to high-income families. These children have an about eleven times higher odds of comorbid psychosis (OR = 11.810) and seven times higher odds of depression (OR = 7.093) compared to the comparison group. Conclusion: Conduct disorders are more debilitating for children and families than many providers realize. African American males under 11 years are at the highest risk of inpatient management for conduct disorder. These patients have a higher risk of comorbid psychosis and depression, which may further deteriorate the severity of illness and require acute inpatient care.

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Understanding the Demographic Predictors and Association of Comorbidities in Hospitalized Children with Conduct Disorder

10.20944/preprints201808.0373.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rikinkumar Patel ◽

Neelima Amaravadi ◽

Harkeerat Bhullar ◽

Jay Lekireddy ◽

Honey Win

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Low Income ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Conduct Disorders ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Demographic Predictors ◽

Low Income Families

Objective: To determine demographic predictors and comorbidities in hospitalized children with conduct disorder. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2012–2014). All patients were ≤18 years and cases with primary diagnosis of conduct disorder (N = 32345) and a comparison group with another psychiatric diagnosis (N = 410,479) were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. A logistic regression model was used to generate the Odds Ratio (OR) between both groups. Results: Children <11 years old have five times greater chances of admission for conduct disorder than adolescent (OR 5.339). African American males are more likely to be admitted for conduct disorder. Children with conduct disorder from low-income families have a 1.5 times higher likelihood for inpatient admission compared to high-income families. These children have about eleven times higher odds of comorbid psychosis (OR 11.810) and seven times for depression (OR 7.093) compared to the comparison group. Conclusion: Conduct disorders are more debilitating for children and families than many providers realize. African American male under 11 years is at the highest risk for inpatient management for conduct disorder. These patients have a higher risk of comorbid psychosis and depression which may further deteriorate the severity of illness and require acute inpatient care.

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The "Hustle": Socioeconomic Deprivation, Urban Drug Trafficking, and Low-Income, African-American Male Gender Identity

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.93.6.1050 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 1050-1054

Author(s):

Tony Larry Whitehead ◽

James Peterson ◽

Linda Kaljee

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Inner City ◽

Low Income ◽

African American Males ◽

Drug Trafficking ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Support ◽

Power Base ◽

Considerable Morbidity ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Objective. Drug trafficking seems to be both prevalent and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among inner-city African-American males. Survey data has indicated the possible importance of economic need in the rapid emergence of drug trafficking in this population. In the present study, an historical-cultural approach is used to examine this economic relationship further and to explore the role that drug trafficking plays in a society that has permitted its successful and rapid growth. Methodology. Data were obtained from interviews of approximately 600 African-Americans residing in inner-city neighborhoods in Washington, DC and Baltimore during nine drug- and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related studies conducted over 4 years. Results and conclusions. From the perspective of the study participants, the need to provide economic support for one's family as well as to achieve some sense of status, respect, and reputation among one's peers are two core constructs of masculine identity in the United States. The historical and worsening inequities in access to economic resources and power by African-American males are viewed as significantly reducing the opportunity for economic success through more social or legal enterprises. Pursuit of nonmainstream activities (such as drug trafficking) is perceived as offering an opportunity for economic advancement and for establishing a power base for individuals who have been denied access to mainstream opportunities.

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Epidemiological transition in morbidity: 10-year data from emergency consultations in Dakar, Senegal

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e001396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bamba Gaye ◽

Massamba Diop ◽

Kumar Narayanan ◽

Lucile Offredo ◽

Peter Reese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Emergency Service ◽

Mixed Model ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Epidemiological Transition ◽

African City ◽

Sub Saharan

BackgroundIt is thought that low-income countries are undergoing an epidemiological transition from infectious to non-communicable diseases; however, this phenomenon is yet to be examined with long-term data on morbidity.MethodsWe performed a prospective evaluation of all emergency medical consultations at a major emergency service provider in Dakar, Senegal from 2005 to 2014. Using standardised definitions, the primary diagnosis for each consultation was classified using the International Classification of Diseases-10 and then broadly categorised as ‘infectious’, ‘non-communicable’ and ‘other’ diseases. Morbidity rates for each year in the 10-year observation period were plotted to depict the epidemiological transition over time. To quantify the yearly rate ratios of non-communicable over infectious diagnosis, we used a generalised Poisson mixed model.ResultsComplete data were obtained from 49 702 visits by African patients. The mean age was 36.5±23.2 and 34.8±24.3 years for women and men, respectively. Overall, infections accounted for 46.3% and 42.9% and non-communicable conditions 32.2% and 40.1% of consultations in women and men, respectively. Consultation for non-communicable compared with infectious conditions increased by 7% every year (95% CI: 5% to 9%; p<0.0001) over the 10 years. Consultations for non-communicable condition were more likely in women compared with men (RR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.40) and at older ages (RR=1.27; 95% CI 1.25, 1.29 for 10-year increase in age).ConclusionUsing high-quality disease morbidity data over a decade, we provide novel data showing the epidemiological transition of diseases as manifested in emergency service consultations in a large Sub-Saharan African city. These results can help reorientation of healthcare policy in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Correlates of Somatic Symptoms Among African American Males Transitioning From a Public System of Care

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316630304 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 274-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lionel D. Scott ◽

Henrika McCoy

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

African American Males ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Somatic Symptoms ◽

System Of Care ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Public System ◽

Oppositional Defiant

Exploration of somatic symptoms and their correlates among adolescent and young adult African American males are limited in the empirical literature. In the current study, correlates of somatic symptoms among African American males ( n = 74) transitioning from a public system of care, namely, foster care, was explored. Potential correlates assessed included indicators of child maltreatment, approach and avoidance coping strategies, as well as the following emotional and behavioral problems: oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, major depressive disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results indicated that meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder was related to increased somatic symptoms. In addition, greater use of seeking social support as a coping strategy was related to fewer somatic symptoms. The findings provide a good foundation for further exploration of individual, situational, and contextual factors that may influence the physiological and psychological stress responses of vulnerable populations of young African American males.

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Lived Experiences of Low-Income, African American Males in a High School STEAM Academy: Implications for School Counselors

Professional School Counseling ◽

10.1177/2156759x211040030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1_part_4) ◽

pp. 2156759X2110400

Author(s):

Edward C. Fletcher ◽

James L. Moore

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

African American ◽

High School Students ◽

School Counselors ◽

Low Income ◽

African American Males ◽

School Engagement ◽

Role Models ◽

Research Question ◽

School Personnel

Using a qualitative case study approach, this investigation focused specifically on the school and home experiences of low-income, African American males who had attended a career academy focused on science, technology, engineering, arts, and math. With semistructured interviews of individuals and focus groups, we investigated the school and home experiences of African American male former high school students and how these experiences influenced their overall educational pursuit. This study concentrated on the specific research question: What are the unique identities, school experiences, and life challenges of low-income, African American males? Data analysis revealed three salient themes: (a) missing critical school and home supports, (b) searching for significant relationships and role models, and (c) desiring to earn money to provide for their families. Based on these qualitative themes, we offer specific strategies that school personnel, such as school counselors, can use to increase school engagement and success among low-income, African American males.

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