scholarly journals Quantification of Air Rate Change by Selected Methods in a Typical Apartment Building

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Iveta Bullová ◽  
Peter Kapalo ◽  
Dušan Katunský
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
The Difference

An important parameter that affects indoor climate of buildings and also ventilation heat losses and gains is the speed of air change between the outdoor environment and the interior of buildings. Indoor air quality is therefore significantly associated with ventilation. Quantification of air change rate is complicated, because it is impacted by many parameters, the most variable of which is air flow. This study focuses on the determination and comparison of air change rate values in two methods by quantification of the aerodynamic coefficient Cp = Cpe − Cpi, so-called “aerodynamic quantification of the building” and the methodology based on “experimental measurements of carbon dioxide”. The study describes and takes into account the effect of wind, building parameters and air permeability for the building using “aerodynamic quantification of the building”. The paper compares these calculated results with the values obtained from experimental measurements method of carbon dioxide in a selected reference room in apartment building and evaluates the accuracy of the prediction of the air exchange rate obtained by these methods. At higher wind speeds the values of air change rate with considering the effect of openings are closer to the values obtained based on experimental measurements of carbon dioxide and the difference between the values without considering the effect of openings increases significantly.

scholarly journals Quality of life control by selected methods of air exchange in a typical apartment building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Bullová ◽  
Peter Kapalo ◽  
Dušan Katunský
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Negative Effect

Air change rate is an important parameter for quantification of ventilation heat losses and also affects the indoor climate of buildings. Indoor air quality is significantly associated with ventilation. If air change isn't sufficient, trapped allergens, pollutants and irritants can degrade the indoor air quality and affect the well-being of a building's occupants. Many studies on ventilation and health have concluded that lower air change rates can have a negative effect on people’s health and low ventilation may result in an increase in allergic diseases. Quantification of air change rate is complicated, since it is affected by a number of parameters, of which the one of the most variable is the air-wind flow. This study aims to determination and comparison of values of the air change rate in two methods - by quantifying of aerodynamic coefficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi – so called aerodynamic quantification of the building and the methodology based on experimental measurements of carbon dioxide in the selected reference room in apartment building.

scholarly journals Intra-Cage Air Change Rate on Forced-Air-Ventilated Micro-Isolation System-Environment within Cages: Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Concentration.

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu HASEGAWA ◽  
Yuzuru KURABAYASHI ◽  
Toshinori ISHII ◽  
Kazuya YOSHIDA ◽  
Nobukazu UEBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
System Environment ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Forced Air

Stable carbon isotope labelled carbon dioxide as tracer gas for air change rate measurement in a ventilated single zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Anders Ohlsson ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Alf Ekblad ◽  
Christoffer Boman ◽  
Robin Nyström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Air Change Rate

scholarly journals ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПОВІТРЯ ТА ПОВІТРООБМІНУ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ОСВІТИ ТА ЖИТЛОВИХ БУДІВЛЯХ

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
В. І. Дешко ◽  
І. Ю. Білоус ◽  
В. О. Виноградов-Салтиков ◽  
І. О. Суходуб ◽  
О. І. Яценко
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Air Exchange

Apply  integrated  approaches  for  the  air  exchange  rate  determination  based  on  CO 2  concentration in educational and residential buildings of Ukraine. Methods.  Taking  into  account  variability  of  building's  visitors  and  occupants  operational  and behavioral features experimental and calculated determination of the air exchange rate are considered. Results. Recommendations for providing comfort conditions in terms of air quality in the considered objects premises, recommendations on the premises operating conditions, ventilation schedule. Scientific novelty. The comprehensive approach to in-depth analysis of energy consumption has been developed,  procedures for assessing  the  air  quality  and  the level  of  air  exchange  in  buildings  have  been improved taking into account the variability of operating conditions. The practical significance. Experimental studies of changes in CO 2  concentration were conducted in three schools, in higher education institution and in residential building. The research results allowed to establish the actual level of CO 2  concentration and air change rate under different operational and behavioral conditions in buildings during working hours, subject to comfortable conditions, and during non-use hours. The research results also help to determine the dynamics of changes in the studied factor over time under the building  performance  indicators  influence.  The  obtained  results  allow  to  provide  recommendations  on ensuring the quality of indoor air exchange and on providing comfort working, studying and living conditions. The use of experimental and calculated air exchange rate values for various premises would allow to avoid in mathematical modeling the overestimation of the level of buildings energy consumption, which arises when standard air change rate values is using. So the obtained results allow to approximate more accurately the mathematical modeling results of buildings energy efficiency to the actual conditions and help to choose the optimal schedule for the building engineering networks managing considering comfort conditions with intermittent operation.

scholarly journals Air change rate in ventilated attics – reality and input for simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02073
Author(s):  
Eva B. Møller ◽  
Martin Morelli ◽  
Thor Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Hygrothermal Simulation ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Current Guidelines

To remove moisture by ventilating constructions is a well-known strategy, used successfully in numerous facades and roofs. However, simulating ventilation is often difficult as convection in this case is in another dimension than what is usually in focus in 1D hygrothermal simulations. There are strategies for simulating ventilation in 1D programs assuming a fixed air change rate (ACH). Unfortunately, ACH in roofs highly depend on wind direction and speed, hence a constant rate is a gross simplification. The article describes a comparative study between simulations with a 1D hygrothermal simulation program (WUFI) and simulations with BSim, a program in which the indoor climate can be simulated in different zones, in this case the ventilated attic. Focus is the effect of ACH in the attic on temperature and relative humidity. Finally, measurements of ACH in attics of ten single-family houses are presented. These measurements show that average ACH measured over more than two weeks differ very much from house to house although the ventilation openings in all houses seemed to be in accordance with current guidelines. Even measurements of the same attic differ considerably from time to time. The paper discusses what implications this should have on simulations.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Aerosol and CO2 Dispersion for Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection Risk in a Concert Hall

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3037
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schade ◽  
Vladislav Reimer ◽  
Martin Seipenbusch ◽  
Ulrike Willer
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Significant Enrichment

The dispersion of small aerosols in a concert hall is experimentally studied for estimating the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 during a concert. A mannequin was modified to emit an air stream containing aerosols and CO2. The aerosols have a size distribution with a peak diameter (δ) close to 0.3 µm and a horizontal initial particle velocity (vp,x ) of 2.4 m/s. The CO2 -concentration (c) emitted simultaneously is 7500 ppm. It is investigated, if the spatial dissipation of aerosols and CO2 can be correlated. This would allow the use of technically easier CO2 measurements to monitor compliance with aerosol concentration limits. Both aerosol and CO2 concentrations are mapped by different sensors placed around the mannequin. As a result, no significant enrichment of aerosols and CO2 was obtained outside a radius of 1.5 m when the fresh air ventilation in the concert hall has a steady vertical flow with a velocity of vg,z= 0.05 m/s and the installed ventilation system was operating at an air change rate per hour (ACH) of 3, corresponding to an air exchange rate of 51,000 m3/h. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.77 was obtained for CO2 and aerosol concentrations measured simultaneously at different positions within the concert hall.

scholarly journals Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Air Exchange

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.

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