Quality of life control by selected methods of air exchange in a typical apartment building

Air change rate is an important parameter for quantification of ventilation heat losses and also affects the indoor climate of buildings. Indoor air quality is significantly associated with ventilation. If air change isn't sufficient, trapped allergens, pollutants and irritants can degrade the indoor air quality and affect the well-being of a building's occupants. Many studies on ventilation and health have concluded that lower air change rates can have a negative effect on people’s health and low ventilation may result in an increase in allergic diseases. Quantification of air change rate is complicated, since it is affected by a number of parameters, of which the one of the most variable is the air-wind flow. This study aims to determination and comparison of values of the air change rate in two methods - by quantifying of aerodynamic coefficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi – so called aerodynamic quantification of the building and the methodology based on experimental measurements of carbon dioxide in the selected reference room in apartment building.

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Numerical Study on Indoor Air Quality of Commercial Kitchen in China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1100 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 374-377 ◽

pp. 1100-1105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao Tan Hou ◽

An Gui Li ◽

Zhi Hua Wang ◽

Yu Jiao Zhao

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Change Rate ◽

Air Supply ◽

Air Change Rate

Indoor air quality of commercial kitchen is investigated and analyzed through velocity, temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration under different air change rate and supply air temperature. the best air change rate is 30 times per hour and air supply temperature is 301.15K for kitchen, the mean value of the minimum velocity and standard deviation is 0.410m/s and 0.129 respectively, the maximum of the average concentration of CO2 is 659.78ppm, which is less than the acceptance criteria (CO2<1000ppm), and the energy utilization coefficient is maximum of 1.352. Research results show that this air supply mode can optimize indoor air quality.

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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF AIR EXCHANGE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ROOMS ON THE APARTMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION

POWER ENGINEERING economics technique ecology ◽

10.20535/1813-5420.1.2021.242133 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

V. Deshko ◽

I. Bilous ◽

I. Sukhodub ◽

O. Yatsenko

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Building Energy ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Change Rate ◽

Air Change Rate ◽

Building Engineering ◽

Air Exchange

Modern results of Ukrainian buildings energy analysis show that 30-50% of the energy for heating goes to heat the supply air, and that is the largest share in the building energy balance. In terms of energy consumption, efficiency of the air exchange mode largely depends on occupancy schedule and air distribution in time and space. The application of air exchange schedule approach makes more sense in case when individual heating control is carried out. Therefore, during occupied hours, the comfortable ventilation level can be ensured, and, during unoccupied hours, it can be reduced to a minimum. According to the results of the study, the use of intermittent air exchange mode in the studied apartment on weekdays, leads to decrease in energy consumption compared to constant air exchange at the level of upper values of the ventilation schedule. In terms of energy efficiency, the use of the constant air change rate from ASHRAE Std 62 is the most efficient approach. In terms of indoor air quality and concentration of CO2 and VOCs, the scheduled air exchange approach with increased air change rates (from EN 16798) during occupied hours is more efficient. Therefore, the use of required and experimental air change rate values to create the hourly schedules allows to define more precisely a building energy consumption and to choose an optimal operation schedule for building engineering systems to provide thermal comfort and indoor air quality during occupied hours.

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Improving Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms via Wind-Induced Natural Ventilation

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6668031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mohannad Bayoumi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Generic Model ◽

Change Rate ◽

Air Change Rate ◽

Warm Climates

Student performance in classrooms is related to the indoor environmental quality. High air change rates are necessary to secure an acceptable level of indoor air quality and provide fresh air, which require large amounts of energy and technical installations. Mostly, mechanically supplied air is partially mixed with the return air. In warm climates, the capacity for natural ventilation is not fully exploited in modern buildings. During periods of acceptable outdoor temperatures, buildings need to adapt and employ available free renewable resources, such as wind. In this context, the building form, orientation, and envelope openings are crucial to enable an increased air change rate, user satisfaction, and energy savings. Owing to the difficulty of providing cross-ventilation in buildings with double-loaded corridors, single-sided ventilation is the most common approach. This study investigates the methods to improve the wind-driven air exchange of classrooms in warm climates, where naturally ventilated corridors help increase air movement. This study examines the potential of a set of alternatives within the context of a generic model regarding the pressure distribution, thermal sensation, air velocity, and air change rate. The study suggests that no single opening scenario can be applied to all façades at any time. Each façade requires special treatment. Decisions on natural ventilation need to be made during the early design stages for each façade. It was found that with the aid of low-tech modifications, remarkable increases in air change rates, in some cases up to 14.5 times that of the typical single-sided ventilation case, could be achieved.

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Influence of the Airflow in a Solar Passive Building on the Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort Levels

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10120766 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 766 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eusébio Conceição ◽

João Gomes ◽

Hazim Awbi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Change Rate ◽

Comfort Levels ◽

Air Change Rate ◽

Typical Summer ◽

Shading Devices

The influence of the airflow in a solar passive building on the indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels was investigated. The numerical study for a university library was conducted using a software that simulates the building thermal behavior with complex topology, in transient conditions, for evaluating the indoor air quality and occupants’ thermal comfort levels for typical summer and winter days. Solar radiation was used as a renewable energy source to increase simultaneously the thermal comfort and air quality levels and reduce building energy consumption. Regarding the solar passive building, consideration was given to all of the building structure envelope, shading devices and interior details, while in the solar active building active ventilation was used. To analyze the airflow that simultaneously provides the best indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels, a new integral methodology based on the minimization of the total number of uncomfortable hours was used. The results show that it was possible to determine an air change rate that ensures a good compromise between thermal comfort and indoor air quality. An optimal air change rate of two and three renewals per hour had been determined, respectively, for winter and summer conditions.

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Indoor Air Pollution in Housing Units

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1203 (2) ◽

pp. 022071

Author(s):

Ingrid Juhasova Senitkova ◽

Michal Kraus

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Indoor Radon ◽

Well Being ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Air Change Rate ◽

Housing Units

Abstract Pollution and poor quality of the indoor environment is a common problem in today's residential buildings. These problems are reflected in the well-being and health of the users of these buildings. Targeted identification of the various harmful substances (pollutants) is essential for understanding the interactions of components of the internal environment for the welfare and health of building users. The Czech housing units were selected for screening investigation of indoor air quality. Measuring of indoor chemical factors was performed during the year 2019. The indoor levels of TVOC, nitrogen oxides, indoor radon, and particulate matters PM10 were measured. The results provide introduce data on indoor air quality concerning seasonal changes which were in correlation to air change rate. These results, introduced in this paper, help to understand the indoor pollutants occurrence and help to design next more focused studies.

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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Green Buildings, a Pre‐Requisite to Human Health and Well‐Being

Digital Cities Roadmap ◽

10.1002/9781119792079.ch9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 293-317

Author(s):

Ankita Banerjee ◽

N.P. Melkania ◽

Ayushi Nain

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Human Health ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Well Being ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Health And Well Being

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Revised Finnish classification of indoor climate 2018

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911102017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 02017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mervi Ahola ◽

Jorma Säteri ◽

Laura Sariola

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Environment ◽

Building Materials ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Indoor Climate ◽

Environmental Classification ◽

Target Values

The Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (FiSIAQ) introduced a Classification of Indoor Climate, Construction Cleanliness, and Finishing Materials in 1995. The Classification of Indoor Climate has been revised to meet the new Decree on indoor air quality and ventilation, European standards and experience from users of the classification. The most significant change is that target values for concentration and the in/out ratio of fine particles have been added. Other adjustments have been made to ensure good indoor environment and energy efficiency, but with reasonable investments. The criteria for emissions from building material and furniture were also updated. The Building Information Foundation RTS sr has run the M1-labelling of building products since 1996. The voluntary approach has been proven to improve the IAQ in new buildings and to reduce emissions from building materials. The Classification of Indoor Environment 2018 is integrated part of the new RTS Environmental Classification system.

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Indoor air quality prediction using optimizers: A comparative study

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-200259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 7053-7069

Author(s):

Jagriti Saini ◽

Maitreyee Dutta ◽

Gonçalo Marques

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Mean Square Error ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Well Being ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Mean Square ◽

Human Beings

Indoor air pollution (IAP) has become a serious concern for developing countries around the world. As human beings spend most of their time indoors, pollution exposure causes a significant impact on their health and well-being. Long term exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the risk of chronic health issues such as respiratory disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease. In India, around 200 million people use fuel for cooking and heating needs; out of which 0.4% use biogas; 0.1% electricity; 1.5% lignite, coal or charcoal; 2.9% kerosene; 8.9% cow dung cake; 28.6% liquified petroleum gas and 49% use firewood. Almost 70% of the Indian population lives in rural areas, and 80% of those households rely on biomass fuels for routine needs. With 1.3 million deaths per year, poor air quality is the second largest killer in India. Forecasting of indoor air quality (IAQ) can guide building occupants to take prompt actions for ventilation and management on useful time. This paper proposes prediction of IAQ using Keras optimizers and compares their prediction performance. The model is trained using real-time data collected from a cafeteria in the Chandigarh city using IoT sensor network. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comparative study on the implementation of seven Keras Optimizers for IAQ prediction. The results show that SGD optimizer outperforms other optimizers to ensure adequate and reliable predictions with mean square error = 0.19, mean absolute error = 0.34, root mean square error = 0.43, R2 score = 0.999555, mean absolute percentage error = 1.21665%, and accuracy = 98.87%.

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AN EVALUATION OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPANT WELL-BEING IN MANITOBA SCHOOL BUILDINGS

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/1552-6100.12.1.123 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 123-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Radwan ◽

Mohamed H. Issa

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Well Being ◽

School Buildings ◽

Indoor Environmental Quality ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Green School

This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba, Canada, and to evaluate the well-being of these schools' teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms' indoor environment. The schools include a middle-aged, conventional school; a new, non-green school; and a new, green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system. The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers' long-term satisfaction with their classrooms' indoor environmental quality. The results showed that the new, green and new, non-green schools' classrooms performed better than the conventional, middle-aged school's classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only. Teachers in the new, green school and in the new, non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional, middle-aged school with their classrooms' overall indoor environmental quality, lighting quality and indoor air quality. Surprisingly, the new, green and new-non green school classrooms' performance were very comparable with the new, green school's classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity. Similarly, none of the differences in teachers' satisfaction ratings between the new, green and new, non-green school were statistically significant.

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