scholarly journals Evaluation of Repair Costs for Masonry Infills in RC Buildings from Observed Damage Data: the Case-Study of the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Risi ◽  
Carlo Del Gaudio ◽  
Gerardo Verderame
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Damage Scenario ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Masonry Infills ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Infill Panels ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Observed Damage

The estimation of direct and indirect losses due to earthquakes is a key issue in the Performance Based Earthquake Engineering framework. In commonly adopted loss computation tools, no specific data related to masonry infill panels, widespread in moment-resisting-frame residential buildings, are available to perform a probabilistic assessment of losses. To fill this gap, specific fragility and loss functions have been recently proposed in the last years. To assess their validity and estimate the relevance of the repair costs due to infills after earthquakes with respect to the total reconstruction process, the present work analyses the Reinforced Concrete residential buildings with masonry infills struck by the 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake, focusing on the dataset of “lightly” damaged buildings, where only damage to masonry infills occurred. Based on available data related to these buildings, the observed damage scenario after L’Aquila earthquake is first obtained. The repair costs for infills are estimated given this damage scenario. The resulting estimated repair costs are then compared with the actual repair costs presented in the available literature. The percentage influence of infills on the total repair costs due to earthquakes for residential buildings is lastly computed, resulting on average equal to the fifty percent.

Repair Costs of Existing RC Buildings Damaged by the L'Aquila Earthquake and Comparison with FEMA P-58 Predictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Del Vecchio ◽  
Marco Di Ludovico ◽  
Stefano Pampanin ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Nonstructural Components ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Different Types

Recent seismic events are a unique opportunity to monitor and collect details of direct repair costs and the downtimes associated with massive reconstruction processes. This paper focuses on the actual repair costs of five RC buildings damaged by the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. The repair costs for structural and nonstructural components that experienced different types of earthquake damage are discussed and then used as a benchmark for the predictions. The comparison at both the building and component levels revealed that the FEMA P-58 methodology is suitable, in general, for application to different types of building stock. Ad hoc upgrades to the FEMA fragility database for components that are typical of the Mediterranean area are required. When implementing the proposed modifications, a reasonable level of consistency is achieved in terms of actual and predicted repair costs (differences in the range of 30–48%). A discussion on the actual repair costs and the main differences with the predicted costs for infills and partitions, structural subassemblies, floor finishes, and other acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components is provided, along with suggestions for further improving.

scholarly journals Relationships between empirical damage and direct/indirect costs for the assessment of seismic loss scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Ludovico ◽  
Giuseppina De Martino ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
Gaetano Manfredi ◽  
Mauro Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Damage States

AbstractThe definition of relationships between damage and losses is a crucial aspect for the prediction of seismic effects and the development of reliable models to define risk maps, loss scenarios and mitigation strategies. The paper focuses on the analysis of post-earthquake empirical data to define relationships between buildings’ damage expressed as usability rating or as global damage state and the associated costs for repair (i.e. direct costs) or for population assistance (i.e. a part of total indirect costs). The analysis refers to the data collected on residential buildings damaged by 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. For different usability rating or damage states, the paper presents the costs expressed in terms of percentage with respect to the reference unit cost of a new building (%Cr and %Ca for repair and population assistance costs, respectively). In particular, the costs analysis refers to undamaged, lightly or severely damaged buildings classified according to usability rating (i.e. A, B-C or E according to Italian classification) or to five different global Damage States (DSs). DSs comply with European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) and derive from literature available matrices properly defined to convert empirical damage to structural and non-structural components into building global damage. The %Cr probability density functions and relevant statistics derive from the analysis of actual data of post-earthquake reconstruction process, while, to determine those related to %Ca, a deep analysis of population assistance types, person/month assistance cost for each assistance form, and a methodology to associate such costs to each building are herein presented and discussed. Finally, the paper presents a relationship calibrated on empirical data to directly correlate repair costs on a building with assistance costs to their occupants. The relationships between empirical damage and direct and indirect costs herein presented are of paramount importance because they allow reliable loss scenarios to be defined by simply using literature fragility curves (defined according to empirical or mechanical approaches) aimed at evaluating the probability of exceeding different usability rating or damage states of existing buildings.

scholarly journals Damage Assessment in Italy, and Experiences After Recent Earthquakes on Reparability and Repair Costs

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
M. Di Ludovico ◽  
G. De Martino ◽  
A. Prota ◽  
G. Manfredi ◽  
M. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intervention Costs ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

AbstractRecent devastating earthquakes outlined the importance of quantifying losses and the amount of resources needed for the reconstruction process. The restoration of public or residential buildings in the aftermath of the seismic event may significantly affect national economy. This remarks the primary role and crucial need of having accurate predictions of direct and indirect costs for reconstruction in order to plan effective risk mitigation strategies and perform reliable loss scenarios. The recent Italian seismic events have been a unique occasion to collect observational data on existing buildings. The present work, based on the Italian experience of recent earthquakes, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of residential buildings and reconstruction models together with the huge amount of data collected in the reconstruction processes. In particular, an in-depth analysis of the data provided by the reconstruction process of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake is reported focussing on repair and strengthening intervention costs as a function of the empirical damage,repairability issues, and assistance to population costs. The data are discussed separately for reinforced concrete and masonry residential buildings and refers about 10,100 buildings located Outside Historical Centres (OHC) and Inside Historical Centres (IHC). Finally, the criteria adopted for the definition of the building seismic risk classes at the base of the Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions are presented together with recent policies adopted in Italy in terms of fiscal deduction for strengthening interventions on private residential buildings.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Population Assistance and Returning Home in the Reconstruction Process of the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mannella ◽  
Marco Di Ludovico ◽  
Antonio Sabino ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
Mauro Dolce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Returning Home

A Methodology for Approaching the Reconstruction of Historical Centres Heavily Damaged by 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina F. Carocci ◽  
Serena Cattari ◽  
Chiara Circo ◽  
Davide Indelicato ◽  
Cesare Tocci
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Damage Scenario ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Historical Centre

The paper illustrates the preliminary results of a research carried out on a historical centre heavily damaged by 2009 L’Aquila earthquake; in particular it presents shortly the Rubble Removal Plan realized and more in detail, the analysis conducted on a sample block. The detailed knowledge of the block is are essential for identifying probable causes that led to the present damage scenario and for planning consciously the reconstruction and restoration of the historical centre.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Empirical Damage and Direct/Indirect Costs for the Assessment of Seismic Loss Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Ludovico ◽  
Giuseppina De MArtino ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
Gaetano Manfredi ◽  
Mauro Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Damage States

Abstract The definition of relationships between damage and losses is a crucial aspect for the prediction of seismic effects and the development of reliable models to define risk maps, loss scenarios and mitigation strategies. The paper focuses on the analysis of post-earthquake empirical data to define relationships between buildings’ damage expressed as usability rating or as global damage state and the associated costs for repair (i.e. direct costs) or for population assistance (i.e. a part of total indirect costs). The analysis refers to the data collected on residential buildings damaged by 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. For different usability rating or damage states, the paper presents the costs expressed in terms of percentage with respect to the reference unit cost of a new building (%Cr and %Ca for repair and population assistance costs, respectively). In particular, the costs analysis refers to undamaged, lightly or severely damaged buildings classified according to usability rating (i.e. A, B-C or E according to Italian classification) or to five different global Damage States (DSs). DSs comply with European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) and derive from literature available matrices properly defined to convert empirical damage to structural and non-structural components into building global damage. The %Cr probability density functions and relevant statistics derive from the analysis of actual data of post-earthquake reconstruction process, while, to determine those related to %Ca, a deep analysis of population assistance types, person/month assistance cost for each assistance form, and a methodology to associate such costs to each building are herein presented and discussed. Finally the paper presents a relationship calibrated on empirical data to directly correlate repair costs on a building with assistance costs to their occupants.The relationships between empirical damage and direct and indirect costs herein presented are of paramount importance because they allow reliable loss scenarios to be defined by simply using literature fragility curves (defined according to empirical or mechanical approaches) aimed at evaluating the probability of exceeding different usability rating or damage states of existing buildings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document