ECM Remodeling in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Aerodigestive Tract: Pathways for Cancer Dissemination and Emerging Biomarkers

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) include a number of different types of tumors developing in the skin, in hollow organs, as well as the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) including the head and neck region and the esophagus which will be dealt with in this review. These tumors are often refractory to current therapeutic approaches with poor patient outcome. The most important prognostic determinant of SCC tumors is the presence of distant metastasis, significantly correlating with low patient survival rates. Rapidly emerging evidence indicate that the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and remodeling profoundly affect SSC metastatic dissemination. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of ECM and its remodeling enzymes in affecting the growth and dissemination of UADT SCC. Taken together, these published evidence suggest that a thorough analysis of the ECM composition in the UADT SCC microenvironment may help disclosing the mechanism of resistance to the treatments and help defining possible targets for clinical intervention.

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Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica: Bazex syndrome

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100135297 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 899-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael J. Wareing ◽

Samantha A. Vaughan-Jones ◽

David H. McGibbon

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Paraneoplastic Syndrome ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Unknown Primary ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica Bazex

AbstractBazex syndrome, or acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, is a cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by psoriasiform lesions associated with, usually, a squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. We present a case of Bazex syndrome associated with metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma with an unknown primary. The features of the condition are discussed in the light of current knowledge.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Associated With WellDifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland

The Laryngoscope ◽

10.1002/lary.1991.101.4.421 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 421-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Luis Pacheco-Ojeda ◽

Christian Micheau ◽

Bernard Luboinski ◽

Jean Richard ◽

Jean-Paul Travagli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract

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Follow-up strategies in head and neck cancer other than upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-012-2220-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 270 (7) ◽

pp. 1981-1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Antoine Digonnet ◽

Marc Hamoir ◽

Guy Andry ◽

Vincent Vander Poorten ◽

Missak Haigentz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract

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Differential Expression of ras Signal Transduction Mediators in Verrucous and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2001-125-1200-deorst ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 125 (9) ◽

pp. 1200-1203

Author(s):

Julie L. Lessard ◽

Robert A. Robinson ◽

Henry T. Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Ras Gene ◽

Extracellular Signal ◽

Ras Signal Transduction

Abstract Context.—ras gene mutations and expression of its gene product have been described in verrucous and squamous cell carcinomas. Other downstream signal-transduction mediators, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK-1 and ERK-2) and Raf-1, have not yet been as extensively studied. Objective.—To determine patterns of expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, and Raf-1 in verrucous and squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Design.—Seventeen verrucous carcinomas and 10 squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract were examined for the immunohistochemical expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, and Raf-1 product. Results.—Raf-1 expression was intensely expressed in the most basal portions of the epithelium in verrucous carcinomas, but was minimally expressed in the suprabasalar areas. Anti-Raf-1 staining of the squamous cell carcinomas was diffuse and patchy throughout the tumor cells and was weak in intensity. There was no geographic preference of staining. The cytoplasmic expression of both ERK-1 and ERK-2 was predominantly negative in the most basal layers of the epithelium in the verrucous carcinomas, but was positive in the suprabasalar region of the epithelium. Immunohistochemical expression of ERK-1 and ERK-2 in the squamous carcinomas was diffuse throughout the tumor. Conclusion.—There is strong correlation of the geographic expression of these mediators of ras signal transduction in verrucous and squamous carcinomas, but the cause of these differences remains unclear at present. The expression of these mediator proteins may have potential for diagnosis, as well as in understanding the biologic behavior of these lesions.

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