scholarly journals Noninvasive Imaging Methods to Improve the Diagnosis of Oral Carcinoma and Its Precursors: State of the Art and Proposal of a Three-Step Diagnostic Process

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Antonio Romano ◽  
Dario Di Stasio ◽  
Massimo Petruzzi ◽  
Fausto Fiori ◽  
Carlo Lajolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Process

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of cancer of lips and oral cavity, and its diagnostic delay, caused by misdiagnosis at the early stages, is responsible for high mortality ratios. Biopsy and histopathological assessment are the gold standards for OSCC diagnosis, but they are time-consuming, invasive, and do not always enable the patient’s compliance, mainly in cases of follow-up with the need for more biopsies. The use of adjunctive noninvasive imaging techniques improves the diagnostic approach, making it faster and better accepted by patients. The present review aims to focus on the most consolidated diagnostic techniques, such as vital staining and tissue autofluorescence, and to report the potential role of some of the most promising innovative techniques, such as narrow-band imaging, high-frequency ultrasounds, optical coherence tomography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. According to their contribution to OSCC diagnosis, an ideal three-step diagnostic procedure is proposed, to make the diagnostic path faster, better, and more accurate.

Arterite de Takayasu em Gestante: Relato de Caso / Takayasu Arteritis in Pregnancy: Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Patrícia Resende Penido ◽  
Rhanna Junqueira Westin de Carvalho ◽  
Roger Willian Moraes Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Takayasu Arteritis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome

RESUMOIntrodução: A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) consiste em uma vasculopatia de origem indefinida, sendo de caráter crônico, que afeta a aorta e seus ramos principais. Em gestantes é uma condição complexa, em que o tratamento clínico é realizado com restrições. A utilização de corticoides tem sido favorável no controle inflamatório, principalmente naqueles casos em que antes da gravidez se fazia uso de imunossupressores. Casuística: Foi relatado um caso de uma gestante portadora de AT, através da análise de prontuário e de exames complementares, sendo realizado o pré-natal pelas equipes de Obstetrícia e Reumatologia, onde foi realizado tratamento clínico com corticoides, mostrando uma evolução satisfatória, ocorrendo apenas uma hospitalização que foi seguida de uma cesárea na trigésima sexta semana de gravidez, com recém nato saudável de 3.810g. Discussão: A AT pode estar associada a várias etiologias, sendo a gênese pouco conhecida. O diagnóstico na maioria das vezes é demorado, pela dificuldade da suspeita clínica, além de demandar o uso de técnicas de imagem mais sofisticadas. A gestação associada é fenômeno raro, já que as portadoras são orientadas a evitarem a gravidez. O controle clínico permitiu uma gestação sem grandes complicações e serviu como meio para levar a gestação até praticamente o fim do terceiro trimestre. Conclusão: Deve-se ressaltar o papel do acompanhamento clínico, especialmente com esta pan-arterite, mostrando os medicamentos que podem ser utilizados nesse grupo, especialmente quando se usava imunossupressores antes da gravidez. Palavras chave: Arterite de Takayasu, Gravidez, Vasculite. ABSTRACT:Introduction: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) consists of a vascular disease of unknown origin and chronic nature, which affects the aorta and its main branches. In pregnant women it is a complex condition, in which the clinical treatment is performed with restrictions. The use of corticosteroids has been favorable to control inflammation, especially in those cases when immunosuppressant had been used before pregnancy. Case Report: A case of a pregnant patient with TA has been reported through the analysis of medical records and laboratory tests. The Obstetrics and Rheumatology staff performed the prenatal care, and clinical treatment with corticosteroids was done showing a satisfactory outcome. There was only one hospitalization of the patient, which was followed by a cesarean in the thirty sixth week of pregnancy.  The newborn was a healthy one, weighing 3.810g. Discussion: TA may be associated with several etiologies, and the genesis is little known. The diagnosis most often takes time due to the difficulty of clinical suspicion, and requires the use of more sophisticated imaging techniques. The pregnancy is rare phenomenon, since the carriers are advised to avoid pregnancy. The clinical management allowed a pregnancy without major complications and served as a means to carry the pregnancy to almost the end of the third quarter. Conclusion: The role of the clinical follow-up should be noticed especially with this pan-arteritis, showing the drugs that can be used in this group, especially when there is use of immunosuppressive drugs before pregnancy. Keywords: Takayasu Arteritis, Pregnancy, Vasculitis.

Individualized Behavioural Treatment of Severe Stuttering

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willi Ecker ◽  
Victor Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Oral Reading ◽  
Reading Improvement ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
Cognitive Techniques ◽  
One Year

This case study illustrates the reduction of severe stuttering by an individually tailored treatment programme. Interventions are derived from a tripartite analysis (Lang, 1971) and include EMG biofeedback, regulated breathing, exposure in vivo to stressful communication situations and cognitive techniques to reduce relapse risk. The role of dysfunctional response system interactions in stuttering is emphasized. Treatment resulted in a marked reduction of stuttering and associated facial contortions during videotaped conversations with strangers and oral reading. Improvement was maintained at one-year follow-up.

scholarly journals News about the Role of Fluid and Imaging Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Jacopo Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Point

Biomarkers are molecules that are variable in their origin, nature, and mechanism of action; they are of great relevance in biology and also in medicine because of their specific connection with a single or several diseases. Biomarkers are of two types, which in some cases are operative with each other. Fluid biomarkers, started around 2000, are generated in fluid from specific proteins/peptides and miRNAs accumulated within two extracellular fluids, either the central spinal fluid or blood plasma. The switch of these proteins/peptides and miRNAs, from free to segregated within extracellular vesicles, has induced certain advantages including higher levels within fluids and lower operative expenses. Imaging biomarkers, started around 2004, are identified in vivo upon their binding by radiolabeled molecules subsequently revealed in the brain by positron emission tomography and/or other imaging techniques. A positive point for the latter approach is the quantitation of results, but expenses are much higher. At present, both types of biomarker are being extensively employed to study Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, investigated from the presymptomatic to mature stages. In conclusion, biomarkers have revolutionized scientific and medical research and practice. Diagnosis, which is often inadequate when based on medical criteria only, has been recently improved by the multiplicity and specificity of biomarkers. Analogous results have been obtained for prognosis. In contrast, improvement of therapy has been limited or fully absent, especially for Alzheimer’s in which progress has been inadequate. An urgent need at hand is therefore the progress of a new drug trial design together with patient management in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis of the hepatobiliary tract – the role of new imaging techniques for improved diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph F Dietrich ◽  
Wiem Douira-Khomsi ◽  
Hassen Gharbi ◽  
Malay Sharma ◽  
Xin Wu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Hepatobiliary Tract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis (hydatid cysts) is an infection with a wide spectrum of manifestations, from symptomatic infection to fatal disease. Ultrasound (US) allows screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment guidance and follow-up of CE under many circumstances. Hydatid cysts are predominantly observed in the liver. Herewith we present a review to demonstrate established and innovative imaging features of CE of the hepatobiliary tract.

Radiology of the head and neck

2021 ◽  
pp. 973-976
Author(s):  
Ivan Zammit-Maempel
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Video Fluoroscopy

Various imaging techniques are used in the staging and follow-up of head and neck cancer and evaluating patients presenting with a neck mass. The workhorses in imaging the neck are ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) increasingly being requested. Plain radiographs, contrast studies, video fluoroscopy, angiography, and cone beam CT have limited but important roles. This chapter discusses the role of some of these modalities.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy: optimization and follow-up

2015 ◽  
pp. 420-431
Author(s):  
Marta Sitges ◽  
Genevieve Derumeaux
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Biventricular Pacing ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Functional Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques ◽  
Resynchronization Therapy

Cardiac imaging techniques have an important role in the follow-up of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) as they provide objective evidence of changes in cardiac dimensions and function. The role of echocardiography is well established in the assessment of left ventricular reverse remodelling and the evaluation of secondary (functional) mitral regurgitation. Additionally, echocardiography might be used for optimizing the programming of atrio-ventricular (AV) and inter-ventricular (VV) delays of current CRT devices. Acute benefits from this optimization have been demonstrated, but longer follow-up studies have failed to show a clear benefit of optimized CRT on top of simultaneous biventricular pacing on the outcome of patients with CRT. This chapter reviews the role of imaging in assessing follow-up and outcome of patients undergoing CRT, as well as the rationale, the methods used, and the clinical impact of optimization of the programming of CRT devices.

scholarly journals Imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica

Reumatismo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Possemato ◽  
C. Salvarani ◽  
N. Pipitone
Keyword(s):  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause clinically characterized by pain and prolonged morning stiffness affecting the shoulders and often the pelvic girdle and neck. Imaging has substantially contributed to defining PMR as a disease mainly involving extra-articular structures. This review article analyses the role of the different imaging techniques in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with PMR with particular emphasis on the role of ultrasound, PET/CT and MRI.

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