scholarly journals DERA in Flow: Synthesis of a Statin Side Chain Precursor in Continuous Flow Employing Deoxyribose-5-Phosphate Aldolase Immobilized in Alginate-Luffa Matrix

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Grabner ◽  
Yekaterina Pokhilchuk ◽  
Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Artery Disease

Statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs used for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), are among the top 10 prescribed drugs worldwide. However, the synthesis of their characteristic side chain containing two chiral hydroxyl groups can be challenging. The application of deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) is currently one of the most promising routes for the synthesis of this side chain. Herein, we describe the development of a continuous flow process for the biosynthesis of a side chain precursor. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to optimize the reaction conditions (pH value and temperature) in batch. A pH of 7.5 and a temperature of 32.5 °C were identified to be the optimal process settings within the reaction space considered. Additionally, an immobilization method was developed using the alginate-luffa matrix (ALM), which is a fast, simple, and inexpensive method for enzyme immobilization. Furthermore, it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and from renewable resources. The final continuous process was operated stable for 4 h and can produce up to 4.5 g of product per day.

scholarly journals Tailor-made biofuel 2-butyltetrahydrofuran from the continuous flow hydrogenation and deoxygenation of furfuralacetone

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 6299-6306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Strohmann ◽  
Alexis Bordet ◽  
Andreas J. Vorholt ◽  
Walter Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Continuous Flow Process

In this work, we present the first continuous flow process to produce the tailored biofuel 2-butyltetrahydrofuran from renewable resources.

scholarly journals The development and evaluation of a continuous flow process for the lipase-mediated oxidation of alkenes

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Wiles ◽  
Marcus J Hammond ◽  
Paul Watts
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Yield And Purity ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

We report the use of an immobilised form of Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym® 435, in a preliminary investigation into the development of a continuous flow reactor capable of performing the chemo-enzymatic oxidation of alkenes in high yield and purity, utilising the commercially available oxidant hydrogen peroxide (100 volumes). Initial investigations focussed on the lipase-mediated oxidation of 1-methylcyclohexene, with the optimised reaction conditions subsequently employed for the epoxidation of an array of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes in 97.6 to 99.5% yield and quantitative purity.

scholarly journals A Continuous-Flow, Two-Step, Metal-Free Process for the Synthesis of Differently Substituted Chiral 1,2-Diamino Derivatives

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (07) ◽  
pp. 1430-1438
Author(s):  
Maurizio Benaglia ◽  
Margherita Pirola ◽  
Maria Compostella ◽  
Laura Raimondi ◽  
Alessandra Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Continuous Flow Process ◽  
Nitro Reduction

The enantioselective organocatalytic reduction of aryl-substituted nitroenamines was successfully performed under continuous-flow conditions. After a preliminary screening with a 10-μL microreactor, to establish the best reaction conditions, the reduction was scaled up in a 0.5-mL mesoreactor, without appreciable loss of enantioselectivity, that remained constantly higher than 90%. The in-flow nitro reduction was also accomplished, either by Raney nickel catalyzed hydrogenation or by a metal-free methodology based on the use of the very inexpensive and readily available reducing agent trichlorosilane. The final aim is to develop a two-step, continuous-flow process for the stereo­selective, metal-free, catalytic synthesis of differently functionalized chiral 1,2-diamines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids by Polydopamine-Modified Hollow Fiber-Immobilized Xanthine Oxidase

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3931
Author(s):  
Cong-Peng Zhao ◽  
Guo-Ying Chen ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Jia-Wen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Docking Analysis ◽  
Dopamine Concentration ◽  
Immobilization Time

In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-modified hollow fiber-immobilized xanthine oxidase (XOD) was prepared for screening potential XOD inhibitors from flavonoids. Several parameters for the preparation of PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD, including the dopamine concentration, modification time, XOD concentration and immobilization time, were optimized. The results show that the optimal conditions for immobilized XOD activity were a dopamine concentration of 2.0 mg/mL in 10.0 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5), a modification time of 3.0 h, an XOD concentration of 1000 μg/mL in 10.0 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and an immobilization time of 3.0 h. Subsequently, the enzymatic reaction conditions such as the pH value and temperature were investigated, and the enzyme kinetics and inhibition parameters were determined. The results indicate that the optimal pH value (7.5) and temperature (37 °C) of the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD were consistent with the free enzyme. Moreover, the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD could still maintain above 50% of its initial immobilized enzyme activity after seven consecutive cycles. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of allopurinol on the immobilized XOD were determined as 0.25 mM and 23.2 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD was successfully applied to evaluate the inhibitory activity of eight flavonoids. Quercetin, apigenin, puerarin and epigallocatechin showed a good inhibition effect, and their percentages of inhibition were (79.86 ± 3.50)%, (80.98 ± 0.64)%, (61.15 ± 6.26)% and (54.92 ± 0.41)%, respectively. Finally, molecular docking analysis further verified that these four active compounds could bind to the amino acid residues in the XOD active site. In summary, the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD is an efficient method for the primary screening of XOD inhibitors from natural products.

A Continuous Flow Process for LSN647712 via Double Organometallic Additions to Dimethylcarbamyl Chloride

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Jillian W. Sheeran ◽  
David Kouvchinov ◽  
Andrew M. Clausen ◽  
Ian T. Crouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Continuous Flow Process

Assessing inter- and intramolecular continuous-flow strategies towards methylphenidate (Ritalin) hydrochloride

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romaric Gérardy ◽  
Marc Winter ◽  
Alessandra Vizza ◽  
Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Continuous Flow Process

Development of a scalable continuous-flow process towards enriched threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin) hydrochloride.

Transformation of 1-Butene over Synthetic Zeolites

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo Ferino ◽  
Roberto Monaci ◽  
Vincenzo Solinas ◽  
Lucio Forni ◽  
Antonio Rivoldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Title Reaction ◽  
Y Zeolites ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Flow Microreactor ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites

The behaviour of several zeolites as catalysts for the title reaction has been investigated by means of a continuous flow microreactor. Runs performed at atmospheric pressure indicated that at 423 K the completely protonic forms of the zeolites catalyze just the isomerization reaction. In the case of Y zeolites, oligomerization occurs only over the partially decationated samples, in the temperature range between 373 and 423 K and W/F between 0.2 and 22 gcath/g1-but, to an extent which depends on the reaction conditions. Most of the catalysts were tested also under pressure (4.05 MPa) at 423 K. The protonic forms of Y and ZSM-5 zeolites seem promising catalysts in terms of both conversion and selectivity to oligomers. The 1-olefins account for 30% of the entire olefinic mixture. The octenes, which account for 70% of the liquid mixture, are mostly formed of dimethylhexenes. Trimers are also formed during the reaction and, in the very particular case of H[B]ZSM-5, tetramers are produced.

Continuous-Flow Process for Selective Mononitration of 1-Methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqun Yu ◽  
Pengcheng Zhou ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Wenzuo Wang ◽  
Chuanming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Continuous Flow Process

Synthesis of Substituted -N-(5-((7-Methyl-2-Oxo-2H-Chromen-4-yl)-Methyl)-1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2-yl)-Benzamide Derivatives Using TBTU As Coupling Agent And Their Evaluation For Anti Tubercular Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kakadiya ◽  
Yunus Pasha ◽  
Malleshappa Noolvi ◽  
Ashish Patel
Keyword(s):  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Antitubercular Agents ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Aromatic Side Chain ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Coupling Reagent ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Benzamide Derivatives

: Tuberculosis remains a highly infectious disease across the world. In the identification of new antitubercular agents, coumarin clubbed thiadiazole amides have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antitubercular activity. Due to the growing concern about chemicals and their impact on the environment, greener and faster reaction conditions needed to be incorporated. Therefore, we used TBTU as a coupling reagent for efficient and facile synthesis of substituted-N-(5-((7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromes-4-yl)-methyl)-1,3, 4 - thiadiazol-2-yl)-benzamide 4a-j with good yields up to 95% in mild reaction condition. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for antitubercular activity against the H37Rv strain of M.Tuberculosis. Compounds 4c, 4f, and 4j were found active at 25 µg/mL against M. tb H37Rv. Electron withdrawing substituents present on aromatic side-chain showed promising anti-tubercular activity.

scholarly journals The Eschenmoser coupling reaction under continuous-flow conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1164-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhdeep Singh ◽  
J Michael Köhler ◽  
Andreas Schober ◽  
G Alexander Groß
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Reaction Proceeds

The Eschenmoser coupling is a useful carbon–carbon bond forming reaction which has been used in various different synthesis strategies. The reaction proceeds smoothly if S-alkylated ternary thioamides or thiolactames are used. In the case of S-alkylated secondary thioamides or thiolactames, the Eschenmoser coupling needs prolonged reaction times and elevated temperatures to deliver valuable yields. We have used a flow chemistry system to promote the Eschenmoser coupling under enhanced reaction conditions in order to convert the demanding precursors such as S-alkylated secondary thioamides and thiolactames in an efficient way. Under pressurized reaction conditions at about 220 °C, the desired Eschenmoser coupling products were obtained within 70 s residence time. The reaction kinetics was investigated and 15 examples of different building block combinations are given.

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