scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterizations and Catalysis of Sulfated Silica and Nickel Modified Silica Catalysts for Diethyl Ether (DEE) Production from Ethanol towards Renewable Energy Applications

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Melynatri Laura Lammaduma Malau ◽  
Maisari Utami ◽  
Sri Mulijani ◽  
Aep Patah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Sulfated Silica

Sulfated silica (SO4/SiO2) and nickel impregnated sulfated silica (Ni-SO4/SiO2) catalysts have been successfully carried out for the conversion of ethanol into diethyl ether (DEE) as a biofuel. The aims of this research were to study the effects of acidity on the SO4/SiO2 and Ni-SO4/SiO2 catalysts in the conversion of ethanol into diethyl ether. This study focuses on the increases in activity and selectivity of SiO2 with the impregnation of sulfate and Ni metal, which had good activity and acidity and were less expensive. The SO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared using TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate) as a precursor and sulfuric acid with various concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 M). The results showed that SO4/SiO2 acid catalyst treated with 2 M H2SO4 and calcined at 400 °C (SS-2-400) was the catalyst with highest total acidity (2.87 g/mmol), while the impregnation of Ni metal showed the highest acidity value at 3%/Ni-SS-2 catalyst (4.89 g/mmol). The SS-2-400 and 3%/Ni-SS-2 catalysts were selected and applied in the ethanol dehydration process into diethyl ether at temperatures 175, 200, and 225 °C. The activity and selectivity of SS-2-400 and 3%/Ni-SS-2 catalysts shown the conversion of ethanol reached up to 9.54% with good selectivity towards diethyl ether liquid product formation.

scholarly journals Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Shafaq Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Asma Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl

The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

Insights into Liquid Product Formation during Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper and Oxide-Derived Copper from Quantitative Real-Time Measurements

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6735-6740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Löffler ◽  
Peyman Khanipour ◽  
Nadiia Kulyk ◽  
Karl J.J. Mayrhofer ◽  
Ioannis Katsounaros
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Product Formation

Exergy, economic, and environmental assessment of ethanol dehydration to diesel fuel additive diethyl ether

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 121918
Author(s):  
Mortaza Aghbashlo ◽  
Hajar Rastegari ◽  
Hassan S. Ghaziaskar ◽  
Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Nadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration

Kinetics of individual steps in reaction network ethanol-diethyl ether-ethylene-water on alumina

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Morávek ◽  
Miloš Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Type Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The rates of single reactions have been measured at 250 °C in the complex reaction of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and to diethyl ether involving also hydrolysis of the ether, its disproportionation to ethanol and ethylene and its dehydration to ethylene. The found dependences of the initial reaction rates on partial pressures of the reactants were correlated by semiempirical Langmuir-Hinshelwood type rate equations.

Sol-gel synthesis of ternary phosphate-ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts for alcohol dehydration

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Zhuang ◽  
Jack M Miller
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
Alcohol Dehydration ◽  
Zirconium Propoxide ◽  
P Content ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Cp Mas Nmr

Phosphate–ZrO2–Si2O catalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method using tributyl phosphite, zirconium propoxide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors. They were characterized by N2 adsorption, 31P CP MAS NMR, and DRIFTS. At lower P content, monomeric phosphates were formed on the surface of the catalysts, which were mainly responsible for the isopropanol dehydration activity. At higher P content, polyphosphates were formed, and thus, the dehydration activity decreased. An optimum P content for dehydration activity was found to be at 10 mol%.Key words: sol-gel synthesis, ternary oxides, phosphate, acid catalyst, alcohol dehydration, 31P CP MAS NMR, N2 adsorption, DRIFTS.

scholarly journals Catalytic Hydrocracking of Fresh and Waste Frying Oil over Ni- and Mo-Based Catalysts Supported on Sulfated Silica for Biogasoline Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Asma Nadia ◽  
Arina Dinana ◽  
Amalia Febia Pratiwi ◽  
Alfrets Daniel Tikoalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Sio2 Matrix ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Sulfated Silica

The synthesis of a sulfated silica catalyst and its modification with Ni and/or Mo metal, along with its application for the hydrocracking of fresh and waste frying oil into biogasoline, were conducted. Synthesis of the catalysts was initiated with the sulfation of silica (SiO2) material by H2SO4 using the sol-gel method. Ni and/or Mo metal were impregnated into the SO4/SiO2 matrix with concentration variations of 1, 2, and 3 wt%. The sulfation process and promotion by Molybdenum (Mo) metal in the modified catalyst successfully increased the catalytic activity and selectivity. Among the catalysts investigated, Ni-SS2 exhibited the best performance for the hydrocracking reaction with waste frying oil. This catalyst was able to achieve a conversion of the liquid product of 71.47% and a selectivity of 58.73% for the gasoline fraction (C5-C12). NiMo-SS3 showed the highest percentage of activity and selectivity in the hydrocracking of fresh frying oil at 51.50 and 43.22 wt%, respectively.

scholarly journals Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Unpromoted Co/ɣ-Al2O3 Catalyst: Effect of Activation with CO Compared to H2 on Catalyst Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phathutshedzo Rodney Khangale ◽  
Reinout Meijboom ◽  
Kalala Jalama
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Methane Selectivity ◽  
Catalyst Effect ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

The effect of activating Co/Al2O3 catalyst by diluted CO or H2 on catalyst performance for Fischer-Tropsch reaction was investigated. The catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of the support and characterized using BET N2 physisorption, SEM, and XRD analyses. The reduction behavior of the catalyst in presence of CO and H2 individually was evaluated using TPR analyses. The data reveal that CO activates Co/Al2O3 catalyst at a lower temperature than H2 and produces a catalyst with higher rate for liquid product formation. It also leads to higher methane selectivity probably due to some cobalt carbide formation. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 9th April 2018; Revised: 21st August 2018; Accepted: 27th August 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Khangale, P.R., Meijboom, R., Jalama, K. (2019). Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Unpromoted Co/ɣ-Al2O3 Catalyst: Effect of Activation with CO Compared to H2 on Catalyst Performance. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 35-41 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2519.35-41)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2519.35-41 

scholarly journals Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol over W/TiO2 Catalysts Having Different Phases of Titania Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsatorn Kerdnoi ◽  
Chaowat Autthanit ◽  
Nithinart Chitpong ◽  
Bunjerd Jongsomjit
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tio2 Support ◽  
Ether Yield

This study aims to investigate the catalytic behaviors on W/TiO2 catalysts having different phases of TiO2 towards catalytic dehydration of ethanol to higher value products including ethylene, diethyl ether, and acetaldehyde. In fact, TiO2 support with different crystalline phases can result in differences of physico-chemical properties of the catalyst. Therefore, the present work reports on the catalytic behaviors that were altered with different phases of TiO2 in catalytic ethanol dehydration to diethyl ether or ethylene as a major product. To prepare the catalysts, three different phases [anatase (A), rutile (R), and mixed phases (P25)] of TiO2 supports were impregnated with 10 wt% of tungsten (W). It was found that the W/TiO2-P25 catalyst revealed higher activity among other catalysts. At 300 °C, all catalysts can produce the diethyl ether yield of 24.1%, 22.8%, and 10.6% for W/TiO2-P25, W/TiO2-A, and W/TiO2-R catalysts, respectively. However, when the reaction temperature was increased to 400°C, ethylene is the major product. The W/TiO2-P25 and W/TiO2-A catalysts render the ethylene yield of 60.3% and 46.2%, respectively, whereas only 15.9% is obtained from W/TiO2-R catalyst. The most important parameter influencing their catalytic properties appears to be the proper pore structure, acidity, and distribution of W species. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

An ionic liquid mediated Friedel-Crafts addition of arenes to isothiocyanates

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant U Naik ◽  
Susheel J Nara ◽  
Jitendra R Harjani ◽  
Manikrao M Salunkhe
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalyst

A new protocol is developed for the synthesis of N-substituted thioamides, employing arenes and isothiocyanates in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate ionic liquid, [bmim]Cl·2AlCl3, as a homogenous Lewis acid catalyst and solvent. The effect of Lewis acidity and the stoichiometry of the ionic liquid on the extent of product formation is studied. Studies reveal that a progressive increase in yields was observed with increasing Lewis acidity, and two equivalents of [bmim]Cl·2AlCl3 was the optimal amount for the reaction. A distinct para selectivity for the incoming thioamido group on activated arenes was observed under ambient conditions.Key words: arenes, isothiocyanates, Friedel–Crafts, ionic liquids, thioamides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document