scholarly journals Stability of Alkyl Chain-Mediated Lipid Anchoring in Liposomal Membranes

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Lukas Gleue ◽  
Jonathan Schupp ◽  
Niklas Zimmer ◽  
Eyleen Becker ◽  
Holger Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Lipid Exchange ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Liposomal Membranes

Lipid exchange among biological membranes, lipoprotein particles, micelles, and liposomes is an important yet underrated phenomenon with repercussions throughout the life sciences. The premature loss of lipid molecules from liposomal formulations severely impacts therapeutic applications of the latter and thus limits the type of lipids and lipid conjugates available for fine-tuning liposomal properties. While cholesterol derivatives, with their irregular lipophilic surface shape, are known to readily undergo lipid exchange and interconvert, e.g., with serum, the situation is unclear for lipids with regular, linear-shaped alkyl chains. This study compares the propensity of fluorescence-labeled lipid conjugates of systematically varied lengths to migrate from liposomal particles consisting mainly of egg phosphatidyl choline 3 (EPC3) and cholesterol into biomembranes. We show that dialkyl glyceryl lipids with chains of 18–20 methylene units are inherently stable in liposomal membranes. In contrast, C16 lipids show some lipid exchange, albeit significantly less than comparable cholesterol conjugates. Remarkably, the C18 chain length, which confers noticeable anchor stability, corresponds to the typical chain length in biological membranes.

Molecular assembly of alkyl chain-grafted poly(l-lysine) tuned by backbone chain length and grafted alkyl chain

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (29) ◽  
pp. 22783-22791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Yu Chen ◽  
Yun-Chiao Huang ◽  
Jeng-Shiung Jan
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Backbone Chain

Alkyl chain-grafted poly(l-lysine) vesicles with tunable molecular assembly were prepared by varying the polypeptide chain length and grafted alkyl chains.

Untersuchungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit homologer 4,4′-Di-n-alkyloxy-azoxybenzole im nematischen Phasenbereich / Investigation of the Electric Conductivity of Homologous 4,4′-Di-n-alkoxyazoxybenzenes in their Nematic Phase

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Heppke ◽  
F. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Long Chains

The effect of temperature and concentration of the added electrolyte tetrabutylammoniumpicrate on the electric conductivity of homologous 4,4′-di-n-alkoxyazoxybenzenes (C1 to C8) in their nematic phase is investigated. In general an increase of the alkyl chain length results in a decrease of the ratio of anisotropy x∥/x⊥. At the lowest temperature of the nematic phase values between 1,6 (C2) and 0,45 (C8) are obtained. This behaviour can be explained by the formation of cybotactic groups with a smectic structure. Increasing the electrolyte concentration reduces the ratio of anisotropy for short alkyl chains, whereas for long chains the ratio rapidly increases.

Understanding the effect of alkyl chains of gemini cations on the physicochemical and cellular properties of polyurethane micelles

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1899-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Pan ◽  
Danxuan Fang ◽  
Yuanqing Song ◽  
Nijia Song ◽  
Mingming Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Protein Absorption ◽  
Alkyl Chains

The alteration of the gemini alkyl chain length could affect the surface charge exposure, stability, and the protein absorption properties of nanocarriers.

Biological Activity of New N-Oxides of Tertiary Amines

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kleszczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Bielecki ◽  
Janusz Sarapuk ◽  
Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa ◽  
Hanna Pruchnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Main Transition ◽  
Chain Compounds ◽  
Potassium Leakage

AbstractPotential biological properties of newly synthesized single and double alkyl chain N-oxides of tertiary amines (NTA) were studied. Individual compounds in each of the series had alkyl chains of different length. Various experiments were performed to determine a mechanism of the interaction between NTA and model and biological membranes. These were measurements of hemolytic efficiencies of NTA (pig erythrocytes), their influence on the transition temperatures (DPPC liposomes), on potassium leakage from cucumber, its growth and chlorophyll content (Cucumis sativus cv. Krak F1), and on the resting membrane potential in alga cells (Nitellopsis obtusa). Also, prevention of erythrocyte membrane lipid oxidation induced by UV irradiation was studied. Potential antioxidative properties of NTA were additionally tested in radical chromogen (ABTS●+) experiments in which antioxidative efficiencies of NTA were compared to that of the standard antioxidant Trolox. It was found that NTA readily interacted with erythrocyte membranes. Their hemolyzing efficiency increased with the alkyl chain length. Slightly more intensive interaction was found for double alkyl chain compounds. Similar results were obtained in DSC experiments, where incorporation of NTA into liposomal membranes shifted the main transition temperatures and caused a broadening of the main transition peaks depending on the alkyl chain length. Double alkyl chain compounds were also found more efficiently influencing the growth of cucumber. Influence of NTA on the resting membrane potential of algae cells was not quite following the alkyl chain length rule found in erythrocyte and liposome experiments. Also potassium leakage and chlorophyll content determined in physiological experiments were not following the increase of lipophilicity of compounds. Most efficiently influencing those parameters were NTA having shorter alkyl chains, and efficiencies of single alkyl chain compounds were evidently stronger. Both methods used to test the antioxidative properties of NTA showed that they depended on the alkyl chain lengths of compounds within each series, but double alkyl chain ones exhibited markedly greater efficiency.

Aggregation behavior of zwitterionic surface active ionic liquids with different counterions, cations, and alkyl chains

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. 27370-27377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Sun ◽  
Lijuan Shi ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
Liqiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Surface Active

The effects of anionic type, cationic structure and alkyl chain length are illustrated to regulate the self-assembly of zwitterionic SAILs.

scholarly journals The effect of the cation alkyl chain length on density and diffusion in dialkylpyrrolidinium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (48) ◽  
pp. 26798-26805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Filippov ◽  
Mamoun Taher ◽  
Faiz Ullah Shah ◽  
Sergei Glavatskih ◽  
Oleg N. Antzutkin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
P Diffusion ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Behaviour

Diffusion behaviour and non-linear dependence of density of [CnC1Pyrr][BMB] ionic liquids on the number of CH2 groups in the long alkyl chains of the cations were described using an additive model, in which ‘ionic’ and ‘aliphatic’ regions make additive contributions.

How does alkyl chain length modify the properties of triphenylamine-based hole transport materials?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Han Lin ◽  
Antonio Prlj ◽  
Clémence Corminboeuf
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Multiscale Simulations ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Fine Tune

Manipulating the length of alkyl chains is a widely-adopted strategy to fine tune the properties of organic materials. Yet, a systematic exploration of the influence of chain length on those properties most relevant to highly performing hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells is lacking. Multiscale simulations, along with morphological analyses, uncover relationships between alkyl chain length and HTM properties providing important insights for the optimization of future organic materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on Adsorption and Release of Hydrophobic Drug to/from Hydrophobically-modified Gelatin Hydrogel

2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 11008
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Fukuhara ◽  
Yshihiro Ohzuno ◽  
Takayuki Takei ◽  
Masahiro Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Hydrophobic Drugs ◽  
Hydrophobic Drug ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified

Hydrogels have become popular as drug carriers. Controlled release of the drugs from hydrogels can reduce dosage, inducing prevention of side effects. However, the hydrophilicity of hydrogels interferes with controlled release of hydrophobic drugs such as anticancer agents or antibiotics. In this study, we developed hydrophobically-modified gelatin (HMG) hydrogel, which was cross-linked only by hydrophobic interaction. HMG does not require toxic chemical cross-linkers to form hydrogel. In addition, the HMG hydrogel has hydrophobic chambers in its structure which hydrophobic drugs can adsorb to and desorb from. In order to control the amount of hydrophobic drugs adsorbed into the hydrogel, hydrophobic alkyl chains with different lengths (C4-C12) were incorporated into gelatin molecules. Uranine was used as a model for hydrophobic drugs. The adsorption test exhibited that the amount of uranine adsorbed in HMG hydrogels could be controlled by varying hydrophobic alkyl chain length and that the drug could be released in a controlled manner. These results show that HMG hydrogels are promising carriers of hydrophobic drugs.

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