scholarly journals Fluorogenic Aptasensors with Small Molecules

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Eun-Song Lee ◽  
Jeong Min Lee ◽  
Hea-Jin Kim ◽  
Young-Pil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Molecular Beacon ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Amplification Process ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fluorescence Turn On

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can be identified through an iterative in vitro selection–amplification process. Among them, fluorogenic aptamers in response to small molecules have been of great interest in biosensing and bioimaging due to their rapid fluorescence turn-on signals with high target specificity and low background noise. In this review, we report recent advances in fluorogenic aptasensors and their applications to in vitro diagnosis and cellular imaging. These aptasensors modulated by small molecules have been implemented in different modalities that include duplex or molecular beacon-type aptasensors, aptazymes, and fluorogen-activating aptamer reporters. We highlight the working principles, target molecules, modifications, and performance characteristics of fluorogenic aptasensors, and discuss their potential roles in the field of biosensor and bioimaging with future directions and challenges.

scholarly journals Molecular Application of Aptamers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and Communicable Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philisiwe Molefe ◽  
Priscilla Masamba ◽  
Babatunji Oyinloye ◽  
Londiwe Mbatha ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Delays ◽  
Huge Challenge

Cancer and infectious diseases such as Ebola, HIV, tuberculosis, Zika, hepatitis, measles and human schistosomiasis are serious global health hazards. The increasing annual morbidities and mortalities of these diseases have been blamed on drug resistance and the inefficacy of available diagnostic tools, particularly those which are immunologically-based. Antibody-based tools rely solely on antibody production for diagnosis and for this reason they are the major cause of diagnostic delays. Unfortunately, the control of these diseases depends on early detection and administration of effective treatment therefore any diagnostic delay is a huge challenge to curbing these diseases. Hence, there is a need for alternative diagnostic tools, discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents. Studies have demonstrated that aptamers could potentially offer one of the best solutions to these problems. Aptamers are short sequences of either DNA or RNA molecules, which are identified in vitro through a SELEX process. They are sensitive and bind specifically to target molecules. Their promising features suggest they may serve as better diagnostic agents and can be used as drug carriers for therapeutic purposes. In this article, we review the applications of aptamers in the theranostics of cancer and some infectious diseases.

In vitro selection of high-affinity nucleic acid ligands to parasite target molecules

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Ulrich Göringer ◽  
Matthias Homann ◽  
Mihaela Lorger
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals An in vitro selection for small molecule induced switching RNA molecules

Methods ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martini ◽  
Andrew D. Ellington ◽  
Sheref S. Mansy
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals A database on differentially expressed microRNAs during rodent bladder healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Ibel Chamorro ◽  
Jesper Eisfeldt ◽  
Oliver Willacy ◽  
Nikolai Juul ◽  
Magdalena Fossum
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Open Access Database ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Regulatory Functions

AbstractUrinary bladder wound healing relies on multiple biological events that are finely tuned in a spatial–temporal manner. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules with regulatory functions. We hypothesized that microRNAs are important molecules in the coordination of normal urinary bladder wound healing. We aimed at identifying microRNAs expressed during bladder wound healing using Affymetrix global array for microRNA profiling of the rodent urinary bladder during healing of a surgically created wound. Results were validated in the rat bladders by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) using three of the differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs. The model was thereafter validated in human cells, by measuring the expression of eight of the DE microRNAs upon in vitro wound-healing assays in primary urothelial cells. Our results indicated that 508 (40%) of all rodent microRNAs were expressed in the urinary bladder during wound healing. Thirteen of these microRNAs (1%) were DE (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, P < 0.05, |logfold|> 0.25) in wounded compared to non-wounded bladders. Bioinformatic analyses helped us to identify target molecules for the DE microRNAs, and biological pathways involved in tissue repair. All data are made available in an open-access database for other researchers to explore.

Synthesis of Pyrophosphates for In Vitro Selection of Catalytic RNA Molecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Joong Kim ◽  
Myong Jung Kim ◽  
Nilesh Karalkar ◽  
Daniel Hutter ◽  
Steven A. Benner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Catalytic Rna ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Selection Of

Aptamer-based modulation of blood coagulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rohrbach ◽  
B. Pötzsch ◽  
J. Müller ◽  
G. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Anticoagulant Drugs ◽  
Coagulation Proteins ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Target Molecules

SummaryNucleic acid based aptamers are singlestranded oligonucleotide ligands isolated from random libraries by an in-vitro selection procedure. Through the formation of unique three-dimensional structures, aptamers are able to selectively interact with a variety of target molecules and are therefore also promising candidates for the development of anticoagulant drugs. While thrombin represents the most prominent enzymatic target in this field, also aptamers directed against other coagulation proteins and proteases have been identified with some currently being tested in clinical trials.In this review, we summarize recent developments in the design and evaluation of aptamers for anticoagulant therapy and research.

scholarly journals Tracking RNA with light: selection, structure, and design of fluorescence turn-on RNA aptamers

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Trachman ◽  
Adrian R. Ferré-D'Amaré
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Fluorescence Turn On

AbstractFluorescence turn-on aptamers,in vitroevolved RNA molecules that bind conditional fluorophores and activate their fluorescence, have emerged as RNA counterparts of the fluorescent proteins. Turn-on aptamers have been selected to bind diverse fluorophores, and they achieve varying degrees of specificity and affinity. These RNA–fluorophore complexes, many of which exceed the brightness of green fluorescent protein and their variants, can be used as tags for visualizing RNA localization and transport in live cells. Structure determination of several fluorescent RNAs revealed that they have diverse, unrelated overall architectures. As most of these RNAs activate the fluorescence of their ligands by restraining their photoexcited states into a planar conformation, their fluorophore binding sites have in common a planar arrangement of several nucleobases, most commonly a G-quartet. Nonetheless, each turn-on aptamer has developed idiosyncratic structural solutions to achieve specificity and efficient fluorescence turn-on. The combined structural diversity of fluorophores and turn-on RNA aptamers has already produced combinations that cover the visual spectrum. Further molecular evolution and structure-guided engineering is likely to produce fluorescent tags custom-tailored to specific applications.

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