Dynamic Diversity of NLR Genes in Triticum and Mining of Promising NLR Alleles for Disease Resistance

Bread wheat is an essential crop with the second-highest global production after maize. Currently, wheat diseases are a serious threat to wheat production. Therefore, efficient breeding for disease resistance is extremely urgent in modern wheat. Here, we identified 2012 NLR genes from hexaploid wheat, and Ks values of paired syntenic NLRs showed a significant peak at 3.1–6.3 MYA, which exactly coincided with the first hybridization event between A and B genome lineages at ~5.5 MYA. We provided a landscape of dynamic diversity of NLRs from Triticum and Aegilops and found that NLR genes have higher diversity in wild progenitors and relatives. Further, most NLRs had opposite diversity patterns between genic and 2 Kb-promoter regions, which might respectively link sub/neofunctionalization and loss of duplicated NLR genes. Additionally, we identified an alien introgression of chromosome 4A in tetraploid emmer wheat, which was similar to that in hexaploid wheat. Transcriptome data from four experiments of wheat disease resistance helped to profile the expression pattern of NLR genes and identified promising NLRs involved in broad-spectrum disease resistance. Our study provided insights into the diversity evolution of NLR genes and identified beneficial NLRs to deploy into modern wheat in future wheat disease-resistance breeding.

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A membrane-bound ankyrin repeat protein confers race-specific leaf rust disease resistance in wheat

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20777-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Markus C. Kolodziej ◽

Jyoti Singla ◽

Javier Sánchez-Martín ◽

Helen Zbinden ◽

Hana Šimková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Wheat Diseases ◽

Wheat Gene

AbstractPlasma membrane-associated and intracellular proteins and protein complexes play a pivotal role in pathogen recognition and disease resistance signaling in plants and animals. The two predominant protein families perceiving plant pathogens are receptor-like kinases and nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLR), which often confer race-specific resistance. Leaf rust is one of the most prevalent and most devastating wheat diseases. Here, we clone the race-specific leaf rust resistance gene Lr14a from hexaploid wheat. The cloning of Lr14a is aided by the recently published genome assembly of ArinaLrFor, an Lr14a-containing wheat line. Lr14a encodes a membrane-localized protein containing twelve ankyrin (ANK) repeats and structural similarities to Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels. Transcriptome analyses reveal an induction of genes associated with calcium ion binding in the presence of Lr14a. Haplotype analyses indicate that Lr14a-containing chromosome segments were introgressed multiple times into the bread wheat gene pool, but we find no variation in the Lr14a coding sequence itself. Our work demonstrates the involvement of an ANK-transmembrane (TM)-like type of gene family in race-specific disease resistance in wheat. This forms the basis to explore ANK-TM-like genes in disease resistance breeding.

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Cytogenetics and immature embryo culture at Embrapa Trigo breeding program: transfer of disease resistance from related species by artificial resynthesis of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/s1415-47572000000400051 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 1051-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Irene Baggio de Moraes Fernandes ◽

Ana Christina A. Zanatta ◽

Ariano Moraes Prestes ◽

Vanderlei da Rosa Caetano ◽

Amarilis Labes Barcellos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Embryo Culture ◽

Related Species ◽

Hexaploid Wheat ◽

Immature Embryo ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Immature Embryo Culture ◽

Program Transfer

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Mechanism of plant–microbe interaction and its utilization in disease-resistance breeding for modern agriculture

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.pmpp.2013.05.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Fu Huang ◽

Yuangen Lu ◽

Yi Shi ◽

Min Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Plant Microbe Interaction ◽

Modern Agriculture ◽

Disease Resistance Breeding

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Screening wild progenitors of wheat for salinity stress at early stages of plant growth: insight into potential sources of variability for salinity adaptation in wheat

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jafar Ahmadi ◽

Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽

Sedigheh Fabriki-Ourang ◽

Ali-Ashraf Mehrabi ◽

Kadambot H. M. Siddique

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Principal Component ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Aegilops Speltoides ◽

Tolerance Mechanisms ◽

B Genome ◽

Oxidative Balance ◽

Triticum Boeoticum ◽

Extensive Collection ◽

Wild Progenitors

Wild relatives of wheat have served as a pool of genetic variation for understanding salinity tolerance mechanisms. Two separate experiments were performed to evaluate the natural diversity in root and shoot Na+ exclusion and K+ accumulation, and the activity of four antioxidant enzymes within an extensive collection of ancestral wheat accessions. In the initial screening experiment, salinity stress (300 mm NaCl) significantly increased Na+ concentration in roots and leaves and led to a significant decline in root and shoot fresh weights, dry weights, and K+ contents. Principal component analysis of the 181 accessions and 12 species identified three first components accounted for 63.47% and 78.55% of the variation under salinity stress. We identified 12 accessions of each species with superior tolerance to salinity for further assessment of their antioxidant defence systems in response to salinity. Both mild (250 mm NaCl) and severe (350 mm NaCl) levels of salinity significantly increased activities of four enzymes, indicating an enhanced antioxidant-scavenging system for minimising the damaging effects of H2O2. Some of the wild relatives—Aegilops speltoides (putative B genome), Ae. caudata (C genome), Ae. cylindrica (DC genome) and Triticum boeoticum (Ab genome)—responded to salinity stress by increasing antioxidants as the dominant mechanism to retain oxidative balance in cells. Further evaluation of salt-tolerance mechanisms in these superior wild relatives will help us to understand the potential of wheat progenitors in the development of more salt-tolerant varieties.

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In vitro Selection: A Candidate Approach for Disease Resistance Breeding in Fruit Crops

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajps.2010.437.446 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 437-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ramesh Chandra ◽

Madhu Kamle ◽

Anju Bajpai ◽

M. Muthukumar ◽

Shahina Kalim

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Disease Resistance Breeding

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Genome editing for plant disease resistance: applications and perspectives

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2018.0322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 374 (1767) ◽

pp. 20180322 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kangquan Yin ◽

Jin-Long Qiu

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Plant Disease Resistance ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Global Food Security ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Genome Modifications ◽

Global Food

Diseases severely affect crop yield and quality, thereby threatening global food security. Genetic improvement of plant disease resistance is essential for sustainable agriculture. Genome editing has been revolutionizing plant biology and biotechnology by enabling precise, targeted genome modifications. Editing provides new methods for genetic improvement of plant disease resistance and accelerates resistance breeding. Here, we first summarize the challenges for breeding resistant crops. Next, we focus on applications of genome editing technology in generating plants with resistance to bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of genome editing for breeding crops that present novel disease resistance in the future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

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Wheat Diseases and Disease Resistance in the Turkey Wheat Region

Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science ◽

10.2307/3627315 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

John F. Schafer

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Wheat Diseases

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Advances in Wheat and Pathogen Genomics: Implications for Disease Control

Annual Review of Phytopathology ◽

10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035419 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 67-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Beat Keller ◽

Thomas Wicker ◽

Simon G. Krattinger

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

The Past ◽

Wheat Improvement ◽

Disease Resistance Breeding ◽

Near Future ◽

New Cultivars ◽

Made In

The gene pool of wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives contains a plethora of resistance genes that can be exploited to make wheat more resilient to pathogens. Only a few of these genes have been isolated and studied at the molecular level. In recent years, we have seen a shift from classical breeding to genomics-assisted breeding, which makes use of the enormous advancements in DNA sequencing and high-throughput molecular marker technologies for wheat improvement. These genomic advancements have the potential to transform wheat breeding in the near future and to significantly increase the speed and precision at which new cultivars can be bred. This review highlights the genomic improvements that have been made in wheat and its pathogens over the past years and discusses their implications for disease-resistance breeding.

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Ozone Tolerance Found in Aegilops Tauschii and Primary Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8070195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brewster ◽

Hayes ◽

Fenner

Keyword(s):

Hexaploid Wheat ◽

Aegilops Tauschii ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Seed Head ◽

Modern Wheat ◽

Synthetic Hexaploid ◽

1000 Grain Weight ◽

Ozone Levels

Modern wheat cultivars are increasingly sensitive to ground level ozone, with 7–10% mean yield reductions in the northern hemisphere. In this study, three of the genome donors of bread wheat, Triticum urartu (AA), T. dicoccoides (AABB), and Aegilops tauschii (DD) along with a modern wheat cultivar (T. aestivum ‘Skyfall’), a 1970s cultivar (T. aestivum ‘Maris Dove’), and a line of primary Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat were grown in 6 L pots of sandy loam soil in solardomes (Bangor, North Wales) and exposed to low (30 ppb), medium (55 ppb), and high (110 ppb) levels of ozone over 3 months. Measurements were made at harvest of shoot biomass and grain yield. Ae. tauschii appeared ozone tolerant with no significant effects of ozone on shoot biomass, seed head biomass, or 1000 grain + husk weight even under high ozone levels. In comparison, T. urartu had a significant reduction in 1000 grain + husk weight, especially under high ozone (−26%). The older cultivar, ‘Maris Dove’, had a significant reduction in seed head biomass (−9%) and 1000 grain weight (−11%) but was less sensitive than the more recent cultivar ‘Skyfall’, which had a highly significant reduction in its seed head biomass (−21%) and 1000 grain weight (−27%) under high ozone. Notably, the line of primary Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat was ozone tolerant, with no effect on total seed head biomass (−1%) and only a 5% reduction in 1000 grain weight under high ozone levels. The potential use of synthetic wheat in breeding ozone tolerant wheat is discussed.

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