scholarly journals A Multi-Analytical Non-Invasive Approach to Aqueous Cleaning Systems in Treatments on Bowed String Musical Instruments

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cazzaniga ◽  
Marco Gargano ◽  
Claudia Invernizzi ◽  
Nicola G. Ludwig ◽  
Marco Malagodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Restoration and conservation procedures for historical musical instruments involve several issues, also connected with their frequent being played. One of the most delicate procedures for their preservation is the cleaning of surfaces from soil and dirt which have accumulated over the years. In fact, when external particles reach the surface, a fraction of them can deposit on it. Moreover, the contact with the player can generate chemical-physical changes, rapidly warming and wetting the surfaces through sweat deposition. This work focused on the cleaning methods of surfaces of bowed string musical instruments by a systematic and analytical approach. The selective cleaning procedure of varnished surfaces from grime and soil needs to be performed without compromising the original matter. Therefore, a dirty surface was reproduced on a set of varnished mock-ups and different water-based cleaning systems—generally used by restorers—were tested. The procedures were monitored in each step with several analytical methods: multispectral imaging (near-infrared (NIR), IRFC, visible imaging (VIS), UV-induced visible fluorescence), stereomicroscopy, XRF and FTIR spectroscopies allowed us to non-invasively outline the cleaning system efficacy. The results highlighted different levels of cleaning and, in some cases, it was possible to identify the best selectivity for the different procedures.

A non-invasive approach to identifying wood species in historical musical instruments

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S70-S77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fioravanti ◽  
Giuseppina Di Giulio ◽  
Giovanni Signorini
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Near infrared spectroscopy as a rapid method for detecting paprika powder adulteration with corn flour

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Lewis Zaukuu ◽  
Zsanett Bodor ◽  
Flora Vitalis ◽  
Victoria Zsom-Muha ◽  
Zoltan Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Powdered Form

Paprika powder is a spice of culinary importance in many homes but it?s powdered form, has been targeted for fraudulent activities intended at consumer deception. Diverse methods have been used to investigate some of these adulterations but there is no report of paprika adulteration with corn flour, although it remains a suspicion. Technologies such as the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) possess non-invasive and rapid advantages that could be explored to monitor this type of adulteration. The study aimed to discriminate and quantify different levels of paprika powder adulterated with corn flour, using NIRS. Two authentic paprika types (DP and SP) were purchased from reputable sources in Hungary and artificially adulterated in the laboratory. Three repeats of each adulteration level (40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 1%) were prepared and scanned with the Metri NIRS respectively, then, analysed with chemometrics: Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). LDA showed 100% recognition and prediction accuracies respectively when DP and SP were analyzed separately to discriminate different concentrations of paprika adulteration. LDA models with NIRS recognize corn flour adulteration with 95.55% and predict it with 95.02% accuracy irrespective of the paprika type used in this experiment. PLSR prediction of 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 1% corn flour adulteration yielded an R2CV of 0.98 (high accuracy) and a low RMSECV of 1.71 g/100g (low error). Near infrared as a non-invasive technique exhibited good potentials for paprika powder authentication when corn flour is used as an adulterant.

scholarly journals In-Depth Analysis of Egg-Tempera Paint Layers by Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3831
Author(s):  
Alice Dal Fovo ◽  
Mikel Sanz ◽  
Mohamed Oujja ◽  
Raffaella Fontana ◽  
Sara Mattana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egg Tempera ◽  
Depth Analysis

The non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of pictorial layers in paintings by means of linear optical techniques represents a challenge in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH). The presence of opaque and/or highly-scattering materials may obstruct the penetration of the radiation probe, thus impeding the visualization of the stratigraphy of paintings. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy (NLOM), which makes use of tightly-focused femtosecond pulsed lasers as illumination sources, is an emerging technique for the analysis of painted objects enabling micrometric three-dimensional (3D) resolution with good penetration capability in semi-transparent materials. In this work, we evaluated the potential of NLOM, specifically in the modality of Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF), to probe the stratigraphy of egg-tempera mock-up paintings. A multi-analytical non-invasive approach, involving ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, Vis-NIR photoluminescence, and Laser Induced Fluorescence, yielded key-information for the characterization of the constituting materials and for the interpretation of the nonlinear results. Furthermore, the use of three nonlinear optical systems allowed evaluation of the response of the analyzed paints to different excitation wavelengths and photon doses, which proved useful for the definition of the most suitable measurement conditions. The micrometric thickness of the paint layers, which was not measurable by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), was instead assessed by MPEF, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this nonlinear modality in probing highly-scattering media, while ensuring the minimal photochemical disturbance to the examined materials.

scholarly journals Revealing Mithras’ Color with the ICVBC Mobile Lab in the Museum

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2160-2170
Author(s):  
Donata Magrini ◽  
Susanna Bracci ◽  
Giovanni Bartolozzi ◽  
Roberta Iannaccone ◽  
Sara Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Santo Stefano

The National Museum of Rome has an important collection of Mithraic sculptures found in the years 1973–1975 during the archaeological excavation under the early Christian basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo on the Caelian hill in Rome. The sculptures excavated from this Mithraeum show many traces of gilding and polychromy, whose best example is the great bas-relief with Mithras slaying the bull discussed in this work. The analysis was conducted during a scientific campaign in the museum with portable instrumentation of the Institute for Conservation and Valorisation of Cultural Heritage, ICVBC mobile laboratory following a completely non-invasive approach. By means of a protocol based on the use of multispectral imaging, microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), this study allowed to better understand the technique used and to make comparisons with other representations of Mithras slaying the bull.

Multispectral Imaging Documentation of the Findings of Tomb I and II at Daphne

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina A. Alexopoulou ◽  
Kaminari Agathi-Anthoula
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract A selection of the findings of Tombs I and II was examined using non-invasive multispectral imaging in visible and near-infrared radiation. This led to increased legibility of the text for several fragments of papyrus including underlayers, better distinction of script on tablets and better visualization of the drawings and pigment differentiation on the lekythoi.

Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Bingren Zhang ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing are few. Objective: We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions. Methods: Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques, i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses in different populations. Results: Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable, and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.

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