scholarly journals Variations in the Shades of Contemporary Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Analysis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Syed Rashid Habib ◽  
Abdulaziz Saud Al Rashoud ◽  
Turki Ali Safhi ◽  
Abdulrahman Hamad Almajed ◽  
Hamad Ali Alnafisah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Shade Guide

Background: To identify and compare the shade variations of various commonly used esthetic dental ceramics by calculating their total-color-difference (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) using a spectrophotometer. Methods: In total, 165 disc specimens from three shades (A1, B1, and C1) of five ceramic materials (N = 55/shade; n = 11/ceramic material group) were prepared (Metal-ceramic (MC), IPS e.max press (Emax-P), IPS e.max layer (Emax-L), Layered Zirconia (Zr-L) and Monolithic zirconia (Zr-M)). With a spectrophotometer, the L*a*b* values were obtained. Total color differences (ΔE = [(ΔL*)2 + (Δa*)2 + (Δb*)2]1/2) and translucency parameter (TP = [(L*B − L*W)2 + (a*B − a*W)2 + (b*B – b*W)2]1/2) were calculated. The statistical tests included ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey’s analysis (p < 0.05). Results: Significant differences (p = 0.000) were found between the groups for ΔE. Highest ΔE (A1) were found for Zr-L (80.18 ± 20) and lowest for Zr-M (62.97 ± 1.28). For B1, highest ΔE values were noted for MC (76.85 + 0.78) and lowest for the Emax-L (62.13 ± 1.49). For C1, highest ΔE values were found for the MC group (73.96 ± 0 67) and lowest for Emax-P (55.09 ± 1.76). Translucency variations between tested ceramics were revealed (p < 0.05). Highest TP values (A1) were found for Emax-L (2.99 ± 1.64) and lowest for Zr-L (0.35 ± 0.16). For B1, highest TP values were noted for Emax-P (3.50 ± 1.74) and lowest for MC (0.57 ± 0.40). For C1, highest TP values were found for Emax-P (4.46 ± 2.42) and lowest for MC (0.58 ± 0 48). Conclusions: Significant differences in ΔE and TP were found for tested ceramic groups. The color differences of the tested materials varied according to clinical acceptability, even with the selection of same color/shade. The color/shades of the various dental ceramics do not match with the vita shade guide tabs, to which they are compared most often. Shade differences are present between different lots of ceramic materials from the same or different brands.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrothermal Aging and Beverages on Color Stability of Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia Based Ceramics

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheesh B. Haralur ◽  
Noura Raqe S. Alqahtani ◽  
Fatimah Alhassan Mujayri
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Coloring Agents

Background and aim: All-ceramic prosthesis is widely used in modern dental practice because of its improved physico-mechanical and optical properties. These restorations are exposed to coloring agents from various nutrition and beverages in the oral cavity. Long-term color stability is critical for the success of these restorative materials. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of common beverages and mouthwash on the color stability of lithium disilicate (LD), monolithic zirconia (MZ) and bilayer zirconia (BZ) surfaces. Material and methods: Thirty disc-shaped specimens from each material were fabricated; each group was subdivided (n = 10) according to coffee, green tea and chlorhexidine immersion solutions. The baseline color of ceramic discs was recorded according to the CIE L*a*b* system with a portable spectrophotometer. The second measurement was recorded after 3000 thermocycling and immersion in coloring agents for 7 days. The mean color difference was calculated and data were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests (0.05). Results: ΔE values for LD with the immersion of coffee, tea, and Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) were 1.78, 2.241 and 1.58, respectively. Corresponding ΔE values for MZ were 5.60, 5.19, and 4.86; marginally higher than the clinically acceptable level of 3.5. Meanwhile, BZ showed better color stability compared to MZ with ΔE values of 4.22, 2.11 and 1.43. Conclusion: Among the ceramics evaluated, LD ceramic was found to be more color stable, while MZ ceramics displayed a higher susceptibility to discoloration. MZ and BZ ceramic colors were significantly altered with coffee immersion, while LD ceramics were more affected by green tea.

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of dental ceramics: evaluation of the radiopacity and chemical composition by raman spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Furtado De Carvalho ◽  
Fernando Luiz Goulart Cruz ◽  
Debora Pinto Antunes ◽  
Evane Gonçalves Toledo Júnior ◽  
Luiz Fernando Cappa De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study compared the radiopacity of different ceramic systems by means of digital radiographs and evaluate the chemical composition of the samples by Raman spectroscopy. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: The hypothesis tested was that there was a difference in radiopacity among the tested materials. Specimens were prepared for each ceramic tested: FLD - VM7 (VITA Zahnfabrik), LD - IPS Empress e.max Press (IPS Empress), AL - In Ceram Alumina (VITA Zahnfabrik), ALYZ - In Ceram Zirconia (VITA Zahnfabrik), YZ - Lava All Ceram (3M/ESPE), and MYZ - Zirconzahn (Talladium Brazil). The specimens were radiographed and submitted to radiographic density readings using a histogram tool. The spectrometer coupled to a petrographic microscope was used for Raman spectroscopy measurements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post-hoc test were used to compare radiopacity of the different materials. <strong>Results</strong>: For all tested materials, the radiopacity showed statistically significant differences, except YZ and MYZ. Lava All Ceram and ZirkonZahn had high radiopacity values and VM7 and IPS Empress e.max Press showed lower radiopacity than human dental structures. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It was possible to conclude that radiopacity is closely linked to ceramic chemical composition.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Dental ceramics; Radiopacity; Raman spectroscopy test; Restorative dentistry.</p>

scholarly journals Tooth discoloration induced by apical plugs with hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements in teeth with open apices—a 2-year in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Krug ◽  
C. Ortmann ◽  
S. Reich ◽  
B. Hahn ◽  
G. Krastl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objectives To assess tooth discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (HCSCs), including effects of blood and placement method. Materials and methods Eighty bovine teeth cut to a length of 18 mm (crown 8 mm, root 10 mm) were randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 8), receiving orthograde apical plug treatment (APT). Apical plugs were 4 mm in length and made of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Medcem MTA (Medcem), TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty (Brasseler), or Medcem Medical Portland Cement (Medcem) plus bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) with and without bovine blood. Further, orthograde (with or without preoperative adhesive coronal dentin sealing) and retrograde APT were compared. Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and sealer, sealed with composite and stored in distilled water. Tooth color was measured on apical plug, gutta-percha/sealer, and crown surface before treatment versus 24 h, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment by spectrophotometry. Color difference (ΔE) values were calculated and analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk test, ANOVA with post hoc tests, Friedman test, t test, and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (α = .05). Results Tooth discoloration occurred in all groups with no significant differences between HCSCs (p > .05). After 24 months, color changes were prominent on roots but insignificant on crowns. Blood contamination induced a significantly decreased luminescence (p < .05). Blood had a stronger impact on tooth color than Bi2O3. No relevant effects of retrograde placement (p > .05) or preoperative dentin sealing (p > .05) were detected. Conclusions Apical plugs of the tested HCSCs cause discoloration of bovine roots, but not discoloration of bovine tooth crowns within a 24-month period. Clinical relevance APT should be performed carefully while avoiding direct contact with the coronal dentin, and in that case no aesthetic impairments occur.

The Color Differences Between Different Thicknesses of Resin Veneered Over Amalgam

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousra Hussain Al-Jazairy ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Amalgam Restorations

Abstract Statement of Problem Composites and compomers are popular in dental practice. However, little is known about their esthetic appearance as veneering restorative materials over amalgam restorations. Purpose This in vitro study was designed to assess the color differences of composite and compomer restorative materials, placed in thicknesses of 1 mm and 2 mm over amalgam. Material and Methods Thirty six cylindrical Teflon molds were filled with amalgam (13 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) and stored at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for 7 days. Nine veneers (for each thickness of 1 and 2 mm) were fabricated from four types of tooth-colored restorative material, Dyract AP (DYR), Compoglass F (COMP), Herculite XRV (XRV), and Vitalecense (VIT), over amalgam specimens using Teflon-split molds and following the manufacturers’ instructions. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color difference ΔE* between the two thicknesses. Results Color difference ΔE* values for 1 mm thickness veneers [XRV (2.52), Comp (5.46), VIT (6.73), and DYR (6.88)] were statistically significantly higher than the 2 mm thickness [XRV (1.32), Comp (3.24), VIT (4.89), and DYR (4.83)]. Although the XRV material had the lowest ΔE* values, no statistically significant difference was found between the two thicknesses. The color measurements at L*, a*, and b* showed most materials became darker in color at either thickness. Conclusion The thicker veneer specimens were found to be closer in color to the controls than the thinner specimens. Only XRV had color differences (ΔE*) small enough to be considered clinically acceptable (2.52 and 1.32 at 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively). Clinical Implications In this in vitro study the color of XRV was affected the least when veneered on amalgam. Opaquers may be needed to be used with thinner veneers to minimize the effect of amalgam background. Citation Al-Jazairy YH, El-Hejazi AA. The Color Differences Between Different Thicknesses of Resin Veneered Over Amalgam. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 November;(6)4:038-045.

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of the fracture resistance of CAD–CAM monolithic zirconia molar crowns with different occlusal thickness

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sorrentino ◽  
Clementina Triulzio ◽  
Maria Gabriella Tricarico ◽  
Giovanni Bonadeo ◽  
Enrico Felice Gherlone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

scholarly journals Effect of photo-thermal acceleration on in-office bleaching

Odontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qi ◽  
Masayuki Otsuki ◽  
Noriko Hiraishi ◽  
Takashi Hatayama ◽  
Chamari Lasindra Wijethunge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
Lower Incisors

AbstractThe purpose is to evaluate the effect of photo-thermal acceleration on in-office bleaching efficiency using a bleaching agent without photocatalysts in vitro. Artificially discolored bovine lower incisors were prepared, and the mixed in-office bleaching material contained hydrogen peroxide 23% was applied by following treatment for 10 min: high-(HI group) and low-intensity LED lights (LI group), oven at 38 °C (OV group), and room temperature at 23 °C (RT group). Color was measured before and after bleaching and color difference (∆E*) was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The temperature change (∆T) of applied bleaching agent in HI and LI groups was measured using a thermography and was analyzed using a T test. The bleaching procedures were repeated 6 times. Irradiation in the HI group resulted in the highest ΔE, followed by the LI group whose ΔE was significantly lower. Both irradiated modes exhibited higher ΔE compared to non-irradiated OV and RT groups which were not significantly different from each other. The average temperature rise of bleaching agents in HI and LI groups after 10 min irradiation was 15.00 °C and 11.80 °C, respectively. The effect of photo-thermal acceleration was proved for an in-office bleaching agent without photocatalysts in vitro.

scholarly journals Effect of Mouthrinses containing Olive Oil, Fluoride, and Their Combination on Enamel Erosion: An in vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
HP Vivek ◽  
Seema Geetha ◽  
Sabari Chandramohan ◽  
Md Imranulla ◽  
PB Srinidhi
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinses containing olive oil, fluoride, and their combination on enamel erosion. Materials and methods An in vitro study of 45 enamel specimens, which were prepared from 45 extracted teeth, was employed. Each specimen was subjected to 10 alternative demineralization and remineralization cycles. Remineralizing cycle includes 5 minutes exposure with one of the mouthrinse, and demineralizing cycle includes 3 minute exposure to 1% citric acid. Mean surface roughness (Ra) was measured from surfometry before and after cycles. Statistical tests used were Student's unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results Among the three mouthrinses, Listerine and Xerostom showed maximum protection against erosion on enamel. The 2% olive oil mouthrinse showed the least protection against erosion on enamel. Conclusion The study indicated that the Listerine and Xerostom mouthrinses are valuable preventive measures. Clinical significance Mouthrinses are effective for lessening erosive demineralization and in aggregating remineralization of tooth surfaces which are the important factors to prevent enamel erosion. How to cite this article Vivek HP, Prashant GM, Geetha S, Chandramohan S, Imranulla M, Srinidhi PB. Effect of Mouthrinses containing Olive Oil, Fluoride, and Their Combination on Enamel Erosion: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):130-136.

scholarly journals A New, Small-color-difference Equation for Dental Shades

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1762-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. O'Brien ◽  
C.L. Groh ◽  
K.M. Boenke
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Data Set ◽  
B Values ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Beckman Spectrophotometer ◽  
Shade Guide

Traditionally, dental-shade-guide standards are designated in terms of Munsell hue (H), value (V), and chroma (C). However, ΔE color differences proposed as ADA tolerances for shade guides are in the CIE L*a*b* system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new color-difference equation, for estimation of small color differences by Munsell parameters. The published values of the Bioform shade-guide tooth colors determined with a Beckman spectrophotometer were used. Color differences among 276 combinations of the 24 Bioform shade-guide colors were calculated with Eq. 1, with use of the Munsell notation, and also with the CIE L*a*b* equation for ΔE. An estimate of the accuracy of Eq. 1 was 0.41 ΔE units when ΔE CIE was below 4.0. The Vita shade-guide colors were determined with a Beckman spectrophotometer. This data set contained 16 samples, and 120 combinations were used for calculation of color difference. An estimate of the accuracy for this set of data was 0.35 ΔE units when ΔE CIE was less than 4.0. The new color-difference equation provides a means for estimation of AE CIE L*a*b* color difference between dental shades with Munsell notation. This equation will be useful for estimation of small AE CIE L*a*b* values for shade-guide teeth that are designated in terms of Munsell notation.

Acid Effects on the Physical Properties of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials: An in Vitro Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Al‐Thobity ◽  
Mohammed M. Gad ◽  
Imran Farooq ◽  
Abdullah S. Alshahrani ◽  
Yousif A. Al‐Dulaijan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis
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