Novel Trends in Dental Color Match Using Different Shade Selection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Since color matching is considered a subjective procedure, accurate shade choice is often the most challenging stage of recreating the natural appearance of teeth. Furthermore, accurate determination of tooth color is imperative for the final outcome of dental restorations. The purpose of this research is to assess the accuracy of color match between diverse shade selection methods throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two independent investigators (L.H. and R.B.) screened the literature in five electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials or in vitro papers studying the effect of using either digital shade selection or visual shade selection on the accuracy of color match were included. A total of 13 manuscripts comprised the meta-analysis. Color difference (ΔE) between restorations where the shade matching was performed by the conventional method was greater than those where the shade matching was performed by computerized methods (p = 0.007). According to the subgroup analysis, only the use of digital photographs for shade matching showed a reduction in the (ΔE) (p < 0.0001), while the use of a spectrophotometer has no advantages over the use of visual shade guide tabs (p = 0.57). On the other hand, global analysis showed that incorrect shade matching was higher when the conventional method using shade guide tabs was used (p < 0.001), irrespective of whether a spectrophotometer or a digital camera was used (p < 0.001). This study concluded that the use of digital photography and spectrophotometric measurements led to fewer color differences and less incorrect shade matching than conventional methods using color shade tabs.

Variations in the Shades of Contemporary Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Analysis

Background: To identify and compare the shade variations of various commonly used esthetic dental ceramics by calculating their total-color-difference (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) using a spectrophotometer. Methods: In total, 165 disc specimens from three shades (A1, B1, and C1) of five ceramic materials (N = 55/shade; n = 11/ceramic material group) were prepared (Metal-ceramic (MC), IPS e.max press (Emax-P), IPS e.max layer (Emax-L), Layered Zirconia (Zr-L) and Monolithic zirconia (Zr-M)). With a spectrophotometer, the L*a*b* values were obtained. Total color differences (ΔE = [(ΔL*)2 + (Δa*)2 + (Δb*)2]1/2) and translucency parameter (TP = [(L*B − L*W)2 + (a*B − a*W)2 + (b*B – b*W)2]1/2) were calculated. The statistical tests included ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey’s analysis (p < 0.05). Results: Significant differences (p = 0.000) were found between the groups for ΔE. Highest ΔE (A1) were found for Zr-L (80.18 ± 20) and lowest for Zr-M (62.97 ± 1.28). For B1, highest ΔE values were noted for MC (76.85 + 0.78) and lowest for the Emax-L (62.13 ± 1.49). For C1, highest ΔE values were found for the MC group (73.96 ± 0 67) and lowest for Emax-P (55.09 ± 1.76). Translucency variations between tested ceramics were revealed (p < 0.05). Highest TP values (A1) were found for Emax-L (2.99 ± 1.64) and lowest for Zr-L (0.35 ± 0.16). For B1, highest TP values were noted for Emax-P (3.50 ± 1.74) and lowest for MC (0.57 ± 0.40). For C1, highest TP values were found for Emax-P (4.46 ± 2.42) and lowest for MC (0.58 ± 0 48). Conclusions: Significant differences in ΔE and TP were found for tested ceramic groups. The color differences of the tested materials varied according to clinical acceptability, even with the selection of same color/shade. The color/shades of the various dental ceramics do not match with the vita shade guide tabs, to which they are compared most often. Shade differences are present between different lots of ceramic materials from the same or different brands.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN PASTA GIGI DENGAN ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L) SEBAGAI PEMUTIH GIGI

Gigi merupakan salah satu faktor estetika penting bagi seseorang, termasuk warna gigi. Pengaruh perubahan warna gigi dapat menimbulkan kurangnya rasa percaya diri seseorang. Penggunaan bahan pemutih gigi dapat menimbulkan efek samping pada rongga mulut sehingga membuat pemanfaatan bahan alam dipilih sebagai pemutih gigi salah satunya adalah arang aktif. Arang aktif memiliki daya serap sebesar 25-100%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas sediaan pasta gigi arang aktif tempurung kelapa sebagai pemutih gigi. Penelitian ini menggunakan gigi palsu sebanyak 20 buah kemudian direndam dengan larutan kopi selama 17 hari untuk mengubah warna gigi. Warna gigi diukur dengan shade guide vitapan classical. Uji aktivitas pemutih gigi dilakukan selama 14 hari. Pasta gigi dibuat sebanyak 4 formula dengan perbedaan konsentrasi arang aktif tempurung kelapa pada formula 1 (0%), formula 2 (6%), formula 3 (10%) dan formula 4 (12%). Hasil pengamatan didapatkan bahwa sediaan pasta gigi arang aktif tempurung kelapa dapat memberikan perubahan warna gigi. Uji stastitik menunjukan bahwa pasta gigi arang aktif tempurung kelapa memiliki perbedaan aktivitas yang signifikan sebagai bahan alami pemutih gigi.

TOOTH SHADE & ITS CORRELATION WITH SKIN COLOR – ITS PERCEPTION ON SMILE ATTRACTIVENESS

Introduction: Shade selection is a crucial step in providing patients with a cosmetic restoration that blends in seamlessly with their dentition. Natural teeth are known to possess different shades. Many factors affect the color of natural teeth. One of the most critical variables and most often ignored is light. Another aspect that can affect the colors of natural teeth is the color imparted by different skin complexions. The objective of this study was to determine if skin tone and tooth color had the same inuence on smile attractiveness. Materials And Methods: A photograph of a woman's smile was digitally modied to obtain 16 images. Using the MAC color code as a reference, the skin tone was changed to four different tones (NW25: light, NC42:light medium, NW43:medium dark, NW50:dark), and the tooth shade was changed to four different tones (A1, A2, A3, A4) using the VITAPAN Classical shade guide. A total of 94 people completed a Google form questionnaire in which they scored each picture on the Visual Analog Scale for attractiveness. Results: Images NW25A1 and NW43A4 obtained the highest and lowest visual analog scale values, respectively. Conclusion: The overall results suggest that, regardless of the skin color, a lighter tooth shade has a major impact on smile attractiveness.

Sonic Activation of a Desensitizing Gel Prior to In-Office Bleaching

SUMMARY This double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of sonic activation during the application of a desensitizing agent (DA) containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride on the occurrence of tooth sensitivity (TS) associated with in-office dental bleaching. Treatment with or without sonic activation of the DA was randomly assigned to one-half of the maxillary teeth of 34 patients in a split-mouth design. On the side without sonic activation (noSA), the DA was applied and maintained in contact with the teeth for 10 minutes. On the sonic activation side (SA), the DA was activated 30 seconds per tooth. The DA application was followed by application of 35% hydrogen peroxide in two bleaching sessions separated by a one-week interval. The primary outcome was the absolute risk of TS, recorded using a numeric rating scale and a visual analog scale. Color was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer and a value-oriented shade guide. No significant difference between treatments was observed in the absolute risk of TS, which occurred in 93% (p=1.00) of both noSA and SA groups. The TS intensity was higher in the 24-hour interval after sessions, for both treatments, without differences between them. There was no difference in the color change for the treatments, with the average change in number of shade guide units of the Vita Classical scale of 6.35 for both (p=0.87). Sonic activation of DA containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride did not reduce the absolute risk and intensity of TS associated with in-office bleaching.

Comparison of the Effect of Agitation on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity of In-Office Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial

SUMMARY Objective: This single-blind, split-mouth, randomized trial was aimed at evaluating the bleaching efficacy (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of a 20% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agent used under active or passive application. Methods and Materials: Twenty-two patients with canines darker than C2 were selected. Teeth were bleached in two sessions, with a one-week interval between treatments. The bleaching agent was applied using active (HPactive) or passive (HPpassive) application. Each tooth in the HPactive-allocated hemiarch received bleaching gel with sonic activation after 10 and 30 minutes from the start of treatment, with rounded movements all over the buccal surface. The color changes were evaluated by subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (VITA Easyshade Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the second session. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after treatment using a 0–10 visual analog scale. Color change in shade guide units (SGUs) and ΔE was analyzed using a Wilcoxon test (α=0.05). The absolute risk and intensity of TS were evaluated using McNemar test and a Wilcoxon test, respectively (α=0.05). Results: Significant whitening was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation. The activation did not significantly influence BE (ΔSGU HPpassive=5.6 and HPActive=5.8; p=0.98; and ΔE HPpassive=10.6 and HPactive=10.3; p=0.83). Absolute risk of TS (HPactive=36.4% and HPpassive=31.8%; p=0.94) was similar for both groups (Fisher exact test). TS intensity (visual analogue scale) was higher during the bleaching sessions and up to 24 hours thereafter for both groups, with no differences between groups (twoway analysis of variance and Tukey). Conclusion: The active application of a 20% HP gel did not improve BE and TS.

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK STROBERI DAN JERUK MADU DALAM PERUBAHAN WARNA GIGI SECARA IN VITRO

ABSTRACT Changing tooth color affects a person's aesthetics. Methods to restore tooth discoloration include the use ofagents bleaching. This study aims to understand the differences in the effectiveness of strawberry and honey orange extracts intooth discoloration in vitro. This type of experimental laboratory research used 45 premolar tooth samples divided into 3 groups (50% strawberry extract and 10% carbamide peroxide concentration, 50% honey orange extract and 10% carbamide peroxide concentration and 10% carbamide peroxide concentration). Samples were immersed in coffee solution for 5 days and recorded color with a shade guide, then samples were immersed in the extract of strawberries, honey oranges and carbamide peroxide for 7 days in an incubator, then recorded color again visually with a shade guide. Data analysis used thestatistical tests Oneway Anova and Posthoc LSD. The color change of the sample group immersed in strawberry extract with carbamide peroxide resulted in a significant difference (p <0.05). Likewise, the sample group immersed in honey orange extract with carbamide peroxide produced a significant difference (p <0.05), but strawberries and honey oranges did not. there is not significant difference (p> 0.05). From the results of the study it can be concluded that the extracts of strawberries and honey oranges were able to increase the discoloration of teeth to become brighter, there was no significant difference between changes in tooth discoloration soaked in strawberry extract and honey orange. ABSTRAK Warna gigi yang berubah mempengaruhi estetik seseorang, metode untuk mengembalikan perubahan warna gigi diantaranya dengan penggunakan bahan bleaching. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perbedaan efektivitas ekstrak buah stroberi dan jeruk madu dalam perubahan warna gigi secara in vitro. Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan sampel gigi premolar sebanyak 45 buah dibagi atas 3 kelompok (ekstrak stroberi konsentrasi 50% dan karbamid peroksida konsentrasi 10%, ekstrak jeruk madu konsentrasi 50% dan karbamid peroksida konsentrasi 10% dan karbamid peroksida konsentrasi 10%). Sampel direndam larutan kopi selama 5 hari dan lakukan pencatatan warna dengan shade guide, kemudian sampel direndam ekstrak stroberi, jeruk madu dan karbamid peroksida selama 7 hari di dalam inkubator, lalu dilakukan pencatatan warna kembali secara visual dengan shade guide. Analisis data memakai uji statistik Oneway Anova dan Posthoc LSD. Perubahan warna kelompok sampel direndam ekstrak stroberi dengan karbamid peroksida menghasilkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05), begitu pula kelompok sampel yang direndam ekstrak jeruk madu dengan karbamid peroksida menghasilkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05), namun stroberi dan jeruk madu tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak stroberi dan jeruk madu mampu meningkatkan perubahan warna gigi menjadi lebih terang, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara perubahan perubahan warna gigi yang direndam ekstrak stroberi dan jeruk madu.

An In Vivo Spectrophotometric Analysis of Gingival Acrylic Shade Guide

Selecting shades of acrylic gingival restorative material is challenging. This study examined the shade appropriateness of five acrylic gingival restorative materials. The color was analyzed using an intraoral spectrophotometer (Crystaleye®, Olympus). The gingival color of maxillary incisors for eighty-nine patients was measured. CIELAB color coordinates (L*, a* and b*) were obtained, and the color difference ∆E (Coverage Error: CE) between shade tabs and natural gingival color of patient samples for each shade guide system were compared. Repeated ANOVA and post hoc analyses with Tukey′s HSD were performed. There was a significant difference among the mean minimum CEs of the tab sets (p < 0.01). GC Acrylic (CE = 5.89 ∆E ± 2.97) and Lucitone 199® (CE = 6.55 ± 3.33) groups exhibited CEs significantly lower than all other groups (all p < 0.001). The IvoCap® system exhibited the highest CE (10.78 ± 3.80), significantly greater than all other groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed based on sex (p = 0.055) or ethnicity (p = 0.327). The GC Acrylic and Lucitone 199® shade guides showed the lowest CEs. All guides had coverage errors above 5.89 ∆E, which is larger than ∆E thresholds of acceptability. Of the materials evaluated in this study, GC Acrylic and Lucitione 199® are best able to reproduce the clinical appearance of the gingival tissue. Many patients have tissue that cannot be reproduced accurately with currently available materials.