Correlation between Ion Composition of Oligomineral Water and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation

The ion content of drinking water might be associated with urinary stone formation, representing a keystone of conservative nephrolithiasis management. However, the effects of specific ions on calcium oxalate crystal formation and their mechanism of action are still highly controversial. We report an investigation of the effects of oligomineral waters with similar total salt amount but different ion composition on calcium oxalate (CaOx) precipitation in vitro, combining gravimetric and microscopic assays. The results suggest that the “collective” physicochemical properties of the aqueous medium, deriving from the ion combination rather than from a single ionic species, are of importance. Particularly, the ability of ions to strengthen/weaken the aqueous medium structure determines an increase/decrease in the interfacial energy, modulating the formation and growth of CaOx crystals.

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Effective Prevention of Calcium-Oxalate Crystal Formation in vitro and in vivo by Pentosan Polysulfate

Urolithiasis ◽

10.1007/978-1-4899-0873-5_39 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Osswald ◽

G. Weinheimer ◽

I.-D. Schütt ◽

W. Ernst

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Pentosan Polysulfate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽

Effective Prevention

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Magnesium Reduces Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation in Human Whole Urine

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0620017 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 17-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P. C. Hallson ◽

G. A. Rose ◽

S. Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Normal Volunteer ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Magnesium Concentration ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽

Isotopic Methods ◽

Whole Urine

1. A low urinary magnesium was induced in normal volunteer subjects by giving cellulose phosphate; magnesium was added in vitro to yield urine samples of normal and high magnesium concentrations 2. After rapid evaporation of these urine samples at pH 5.3 to standard osmolality the calcium oxalate crystals were measured by microscopy and isotopic methods 3. There was a clear inverse correlation between magnesium concentration and calcium oxalate crystal formation 4. The case for treating calcium oxalate urolithiasis with magnesium is strengthened.

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The Effect of Preincubation of Seed Crystals of Uric Acid and Monosodium Urate with Undiluted Human Urine to Induce Precipitation of Calcium Oxalate in Vitro: Implications for Urinary Stone Formation

Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf03402162 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 525-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Phulwinder K. Grover ◽

Rosemary L. Ryall

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Human Urine ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Monosodium Urate ◽

Seed Crystals

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Tamm-Horsfall Mucoprotein Reduces Promotion of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Aggregation Induced by Urate in Human Urine In Vitro

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0870137 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Phulwinder K. Grover ◽

Villis R. Marshall ◽

Rosemary L. Ryall

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽

Physiological Concentration ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽

Crystal Aggregation

1. Increasing the concentration of dissolved urate promotes calcium oxalate crystallization in urine from which Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein, an inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation, has almost completely been removed. This study aimed to determine whether the effect of urate could be reduced or abolished by a physiological concentration of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein. This was approached in two ways. 2. The effect of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein on calcium oxalate crystallization induced by urate was tested in ultrafiltered (10 kDa) urine samples from 10 healthy men. Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein (35 mg/l) was added to half of each specimen, the urate concentration was increased by the addition of sodium urate solution and crystallization was induced by a standard load of oxalate. The remainder of each urine specimen was used as a control; these specimens were treated with an identical amount of urate solution, but contained no Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein. Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein had no effect on the urinary metastable limit or on the deposition of calcium oxalate, but significantly reduced the size of the particles precipitated. 3. The effect of increasing the urate concentration in the presence of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein was tested. Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein (35 mg/l) was added to 10 ultrafiltered urine samples as before, the samples were divided, and the concentration of urate was increased in half of each specimen. Compared with the control to which no urate was added, urate significantly reduced the amount of oxalate required to induce spontaneous calcium oxalate nucleation and increased the median volume and the particle size of the material deposited. 4. It was concluded that, in vivo, (a) hyperuricosuria would encourage the formation of calcium oxalate stones by promoting calcium oxalate crystallization, (b) Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein would not lessen the effect of urate on calcium oxalate nucleation or bulk deposition but would reduce its effect on crystal aggregation; it could therefore reduce the likelihood of stone formation in patients with hyperuricosuria.

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In vitro and clinical study of oxalate influence on calcium oxalate crystal formation

Journal of Crystal Growth ◽

10.1016/0022-0248(88)90097-8 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 494-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Y. Berland ◽

M. Olmer ◽

M. Grandvuillemin ◽

H.E. Lundager Madsen ◽

R. Boistelle

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal

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The Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Pentosan Polysulfate on Calcium-Oxalate Crystal Formation in vitro and in vivo

Urolithiasis ◽

10.1007/978-1-4899-0873-5_54 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 197-200

Author(s):

K. Miyazawa ◽

K. Suzuki ◽

R. Tsugawa

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Pentosan Polysulfate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽

Sodium Pentosan Polysulfate

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In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Betulin on Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation

Journal of the American College of Nutrition ◽

10.1080/07315724.2019.1568321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 586-596

Author(s):

Ranjeet Kumar Nirala ◽

Pratuyasha Dutta ◽

Md Zubbair Malik ◽

Lalita Dwivedi ◽

Tulsidas G. Shrivastav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

In Silico ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal

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In Vivo Entombment of Bacteria and Fungi during Calcium Oxalate, Brushite and Struvite Urolithiasis

Kidney360 ◽

10.34067/kid.0006942020 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10.34067/KID.0006942020

Author(s):

Jessica J. Saw ◽

Mayandi Sivaguru ◽

Elena M. Wilson ◽

Yiran Dong ◽

Robert A. Sanford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Human Kidney ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Stone Formers ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Struvite Stones

Background: Human kidney stones form via repeated events of mineral precipitation, partial dissolution and reprecipitation, which are directly analogous to similar processes in other natural and man-made environments where resident microbiomes strongly influence biomineralization. High-resolution microscopy and high-fidelity metagenomic (microscopy-to-omics) analyses, applicable to all forms of biomineralization, have been applied to assemble definitive evidence of in vivo microbiome entombment during urolithiasis. Methods: Stone fragments were collected from a randomly chosen cohort of 20 patients using standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that 18 of these patients were calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, while one patient each formed brushite and struvite stones. This apportionment is consistent with global stone mineralogy distributions. Stone fragments from 7 of these 20 patients (5 CaOx, 1 brushite and 1 struvite) were thin sectioned and analyzed using brightfield (BF), polarization (POL), confocal, superresolution autofluorescence (SRAF) and Raman techniques. DNA from remaining fragments, grouped according to each of the 20 patients, were analyzed with amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences (V1-V3, V3-V5) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS2) regions. Results: Bulk entombed DNA was sequenced from stone fragments in 11 of the 18 CaOx patients, as well as the brushite and struvite patients. These analyses confirmed the presence of an entombed low-diversity community of bacteria and fungi, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Aspergillus niger. Bacterial cells ~1 µm in diameter were also optically observed to be entombed and well-preserved in amorphous hydroxyapatite spherules and fans of needle-like crystals of brushite and struvite. Conclusions: These results indicate a microbiome is entombed during in vivo CaOx stone formation. Similar processes are implied for brushite and struvite stones. This evidence lays the groundwork for future in vitro and in vivo experimentation to determine how the microbiome may actively and/or passively influence kidney stone biomineralization.

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Chemical Compounds Identification and Antioxidant and Calcium Oxalate Anticrystallization Activities of Punica granatum L.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9424510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Rabie Kachkoul ◽

Tarik Squalli Houssaini ◽

Mohamed Mohim ◽

Radouane El Habbani ◽

Anissa Lahrichi

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Dpph Method

The plant Punica granatum L. has several biological activities and a great curative and preventive power against chronic diseases. For this purpose, the objective of this work is to valorize the fruit peel of this plant in the field of phytomedicine, by quantifying and identifying its bioactive compounds and by evaluating their antioxidant and anticrystallization activities against calcium oxalate. This comparative study has been carried out by hydroalcoholic extract (E.PG) and infusion (I.PG) of the plant. The quantification of the phenolic compounds has been performed by spectrophotometric methods, and the chemical species identification has been performed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS. Moreover, the examination of the antioxidant activity has been executed by both methods of DPPH and FRAP. The crystallization inhibition has been studied in vitro by the turbidimetric model. The characterization of the synthesized crystals has been accomplished by microscopic observation and by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results found show the comparable importance of the two plant extracts in the elimination of free radicals; the values of the half maximal inhibitory concentration “IC50” obtained are in the order of 60.87 ± 0.27 and 59.91 ± 0.83 μg/mL by the DPPH method and in the order of 42.17 ± 7.46 and 79.77 ± 6.91 μg/mL by the FRAP method, for both E.PG and I.PG, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibition percentages of calcium oxalate crystallization are in the range of 98.11 ± 0.17 and 98.22 ± 0.71% against the nucleation and in the order of 88.98 ± 0.98 and 88.78 ± 2.48% against the aggregation, for E.PG and I.PG, respectively. These results prove the richness of the plant in bioactive compounds, offering an antioxidant and anticrystallization capacity; therefore, it can be used in the treatment and/or the prevention of stone formation.

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