scholarly journals How Roads Affect the Spatial Use of the Guanaco in a South American Protected Area: Human Connectivity vs Animal Welfare

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio M. Cappa ◽  
Carlos E. Borghi ◽  
Stella M. Giannoni
Keyword(s):  
Camera Traps ◽  
South American ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Paved Road ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Density Population

Roads can affect animals as well as their habits at different levels. Avoidance behavior is a common response of animals to this type of perturbation, preventing access to areas rich in resources. The effects of roads on ungulates have not been studied in South America extensively, especially in arid environments. We have studied the space use by ungulates in relation to roads, using a dung heap count and camera traps. The aim was to evaluate whether paved road and unpaved road may have an effect on the spatial use of a low density population of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in Ischigualasto Provincial Park, Argentina. We observed an increase in dung heap abundance in unpaved road as respect to paved road, this difference was larger for both. Besides, we recorded less individuals in paved road zones than in unpaved road zones. This showed that roads, especially paved roads, negatively affect the space used by guanacos. Our results are relevant to the management and conservation of animal populations in protected areas since spatial segregation due to the presence of roads may lead to the isolation of individuals. It is important to pay attention and further assess the effects that roads can have in the native fauna.

Effects of roads on the behaviour of the largest South American artiodactyl (Lama guanicoe) in an Argentine reserve

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio M. Cappa ◽  
Stella M. Giannoni ◽  
Carlos E. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Lama Guanicoe

scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of margays (Leopardus wiedii): Implications for understanding low detection rates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247536
Author(s):  
Bart J. Harmsen ◽  
Nicola Saville ◽  
Rebecca J. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Exclusive Territories ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Density Population

Population assessments of wide-ranging, cryptic, terrestrial mammals rely on camera trap surveys. While camera trapping is a powerful method of detecting presence, it is difficult distinguishing rarity from low detection rate. The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is an example of a species considered rare based on its low detection rates across its range. Although margays have a wide distribution, detection rates with camera traps are universally low; consequently, the species is listed as Near Threatened. Our 12-year camera trap study of margays in protected broadleaf forest in Belize suggests that while margays have low detection rate, they do not seem to be rare, rather that they are difficult to detect with camera traps. We detected a maximum of 187 individuals, all with few or no recaptures over the years (mean = 2.0 captures/individual ± SD 2.1), with two-thirds of individuals detected only once. The few individuals that were recaptured across years exhibited long tenures up to 9 years and were at least 10 years old at their final detection. We detected multiple individuals of both sexes at the same locations during the same survey, suggesting overlapping ranges with non-exclusive territories, providing further evidence of a high-density population. By studying the sparse annual datasets across multiple years, we found evidence of an abundant margay population in the forest of the Cockscomb Basin, which might have been deemed low density and rare, if studied in the short term. We encourage more long-term camera trap studies to assess population status of semi-arboreal carnivore species that have hitherto been considered rare based on low detection rates.

Occupancy, detectability, and density of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two protected areas of restinga habitats in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-959
Author(s):  
Priscila Stéfani Monteiro-Alves ◽  
Débora Molino Helmer ◽  
Atilla Colombo Ferreguetti ◽  
Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Mammal Communities ◽  
Management And Conservation

Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)) are frequently recorded in lists of mammal communities. However, studies quantifying aspects of the ecology of the species are uncommon in the literature. Thus, we aimed to quantify the density, activity, habitat use, and potential threats of C. thous in two protected areas (PAs) in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We used data derived from camera traps and sand plots to model occupancy, detectability, activity; we also used random encounter models (REMs) to model density and abundance. We also estimated the activity of the species. Density of C. thous was 0.82 individuals/km2 with a total abundance of 119 individuals. We concluded that in the PAs studied, C. thous had bimodal, twilight–nocturnal activity patterns and was associated with water sources. Although the species in the area has a relatively high density compared with that from other areas in Brazil, it could be locally threatened by the highway that crosses the two PAs, promoting roadkill events, and by domestic dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) recorded in these areas. Results presented herein can be a starting point to support future work in the region and to make predictions regarding the management and conservation of C. thous, a widely distributed species.

Estimated population size of two South American sea lion male haulouts from the northern coast of Argentina

Mammalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Giardino ◽  
Julián Bastida ◽  
M. Agustina Mandiola ◽  
Ricardo Bastida ◽  
Diego Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
South American ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
South American Sea Lion ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Direct Counting ◽  
Management And Conservation

AbstractKnowledge of the real size of any wild population is an essential tool to take management and conservation measures and even more so when the population studied may have potential conflicts with humans. Because of this, the objective of this study was to estimate the population size of two South American sea lion male haul-outs using mark-resighting techniques. The results showed that on average, the estimated total number of animals tripled the number of animals recorded by direct counting. These findings demonstrate that it is necessary to continue researching population estimate methods to apply when taking conservation measures in the future.

scholarly journals Isolation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from a South American Camelid (Lama guanicoe) with Diarrhea

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 4809-4811 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Mercado ◽  
S. M. Rodriguez ◽  
A. M. Elizondo ◽  
G. Marcoppido ◽  
V. Parreno
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
South American ◽  
Lama Guanicoe

scholarly journals The effect of habitat degradation, season and gender on morphological parameters of lesser jerboas (Jaculus jaculus L.) in Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
M. Al–Mutairi ◽  
◽  
F. Mata ◽  
R. Bhuller ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
And Gender

Arid environments suffer anthropogenic interference causing habitat degradation. This degradation can influence animal populations. We randomly captured a total of 198 lesser jerboas Jaculus jaculus in three seasons (autumn, spring and summer) in two relatively close areas (intact and degraded). All animals were sexed, and weight, body and tail length, and thigh thickness were taken. We found significant differences in weight (p < 0.001), which was lower in summer (p < 0.05) when fewer food resources were available. Thigh thickness was greater in the intact habitat (p < 0.01), explained by the greater amount of food resources and also by the higher numbers of predators in this area, prompting escape behaviour. Females in the intact area were heavier and had longer bodies and tails. This was related to greater availability of time for mothers to search for food in this area.

scholarly journals Marsupial Nutrition

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
William J. Foley
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
South American ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Fundamental Limit ◽  
Animal Populations

In the early 1980s advances in marsupial biology could no longer be encapsulated in a single volume such as Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe's "Life of Marsupials" and Cambridge University Press commissioned a series of monographs covering a range of different topics in marsupial biology. As it was, only three of that series were realized and among them was the ptedecessor to this book "Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Marsupials" published in 1982. "Marsupial Nutrition" is a considerably expanded and comprehensive review of studies of nutrition and digestive physiology of Australasian and South American marsupials. In Australia, many ecologists view the limited nutrient status of our soils and vegetation as a fundamental limit to animal populations. This book explains firstly how Australian marsupials have responded to those limitations and secondly asks whether these responses are common amongst marsupials living in New Guinea and South America.

scholarly journals Some Initial Observations Concerning the African Wild Banana Ensete ventricosum as a Resource for Vertebrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291987931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Ssali ◽  
Douglas Sheil
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Forest Resilience ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Wild Banana

The ecological role and significance of “African wild bananas” Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman (Musaceae) are unknown. We considered if E. ventricosum, with its sustained flowering and fruiting, might act in some ways like a keystone species by supporting animal populations during periods of resource scarcity. We deployed camera traps facing flowers or fruits of E. ventricosum for a total of 40 camera months in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. We recorded 1,691 visitor events by 11 vertebrate species to flowers and fruits (1,129 events by five species to flowers and 562 events by eight species to fruits); these visitors included potential pollinators and seed dispersers. Frequent visitors to flowers were the African dormouse Graphiurus murinus (53.3%), Nectar bat Megaloglossus woermanni (43.8%), and sunbirds (family Nectariniidae) (2.4%) while those to fruits were Carruther’s mountain squirrel Funisciurus carruthersi (54.1%), L'hoest's monkey Allochrocebus l’hoesti (18.7%), and Forest giant pouched rat Cricetomys emini (18.6%). Flower visitors were mainly nocturnal (with birds favoring dusk), while fruit visitors exhibited both diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns. The data indicate that by producing flowers and fruits continuously, E. ventricosum should support animal populations when other flower and fruit resources are scarce. We speculate that establishing these plants in degraded areas may facilitate forest resilience and recovery while providing fallback resources to many species. Such plant species are prime contenders for protection and restoration.

Plasma copper and cobalt metabolism of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and sheep grazing the same upland pasture

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 218-218
Author(s):  
D.V. Illingworth ◽  
D.W. Jackson ◽  
M.D. Fraser ◽  
S.B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Upland Pasture

Previous work has suggested that assessing the trace element status of South American camelids (llamas) using cattle or sheep plasma values as reference norms could lead to incorrect diagnoses of sufficiency /deficiency (Illingworth et al.,1997). However there are no previous accounts of a direct comparison of the trace mineral status between a species of camelid and a conventional ruminant. This study directly compares the blood copper and cobalt status of guanacos and sheep grazing the same typical upland Agrostis / Festuca spp. dominated pasture.Blood samples were obtained in May 1996 from the tail vessels of 10 mature, captive bred guanaco castrates and 9 mature barren ewes (Merino x Welsh Mountain) which had grazed the same upland pasture for 6 weeks with ad libitum access to trace mineral blocks (Wright Block - Standard) which both species were observed to consume.

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