scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Roost-Site Characteristics of North American Forest Bats: Implications for Conservation

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C. Drake ◽  
Sarah Gignoux-Wolfsohn ◽  
Brooke Maslo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North American ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
The North ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
Group Species

Continued declines in North American bat populations can be largely attributed to habitat loss, disease, and wind turbines. These declines can be partially mitigated through actions that boost reproductive success; therefore, management aimed at promoting availability of high-quality roosting habitat is an important conservation goal. Following the principles of the umbrella species concept, if co-occurring species share similar roost-tree preferences, then management practices targeting one species may confer conservation benefits to another. We conducted a systematic review of roost-site characteristics of thirteen species inhabiting eastern temperate forests to: (1) synthesize existing knowledge across species; (2) assess niche overlap among co-occurring species; and (3) evaluate the potential for currently protected species to serve as conservation umbrellas. We performed multivariate ordination techniques to group species based on the seven most-reported roost-site characteristics, including tree species, diameter at breast height, tree health, roost type, tree height, canopy closure, and roost height. Species sorted into three roosting guilds: (1) southern wetland inhabitants; (2) foliage specialists; and (3) dead tree generalists. Myotis septentrionalis and Perimyotis subflavus had significant roost-niche overlap with five and four other species respectively, and their existing protections make them suitable umbrellas for other bats in the North American eastern temperate forests.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE OREODYTES ALASKANUS CLADE (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North American ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Abdominal Sternite ◽  
The North ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractNorth American members of the Oreodyies alaskanus clade are revised. The species O. productotruncatus (Hatch) and O. recticollis (Fall) are recognized as valid and those names are removed from junior synonymy with O. alaskanus (Fall.). Oreodytes leechi Zimmerman is considered a new junior subjective synonym of O. recticollis. Lectotype designations are provided for O. alaskanus and O. recticollis. Palaearctic O. dauricus (Motschulsky) is included within the O. alaskanus clade whose members are characterized by the protibia having the inner margin sinuate and strongly narrowed proximally, Oreodytes kanoi Kamiya, from Japan, is suggested as the sister-group of members of the O. alaskanus clade based on the shared presence in the female of a last abdominal sternite with an emargination at the apex.

scholarly journals Mental Health of Pregnant Women during Covid-19: A Systematic Review Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
God’s Favour Adediran ◽  
Derma Dupuis ◽  
Kasinda Fritz ◽  
Olebogeng Leso ◽  
Emeka Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
North American ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created avenues for physical and mental stress on individuals worldwide.  Pregnant women especially, with the onset of COVID-19 have been challenged greatly by an array of disorders, all with varying cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses.  The aim of our research is to conduct a review of the different mental health issues experienced by pregnant women in various geographical locations and analyze the prevalence of specific mental issues. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted.  Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, BioMed Central, CrossRef and British Medical Journal were thoroughly examined by the authors for the purpose of locating the relevant articles as per specific geographical location.  Results: From the applicable studies identified, twenty-eight (28) were selected for review.  As per the North American studies, levels of depression and anxiety in pregnant women at and around the time of the pandemic ranged from 33.2 to 70%.  This differs in European countries where there were levels of 14.0 to 60%. Prevalence of stress among pregnant women in Asia was 32.7% while 17% of North American women reported the same. In the studies of Australia and South America, the prevalence of anxiety ranged 6% to 13.9% while studies in Africa reported severe and extremely stress, 7.2% (n=33) and 64% (n=29) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women was shown to be relatively high in all regions as per the COVID-19 pandemic, owing to many factors.  Based on the studies analyzed, adequate support, resources and better healthcare systems are imperative for ensuring that depression and anxiety levels be reduced among this demographic.  

scholarly journals Harvesting strategies as evidence for 4000 years of camas ( Camassia quamash ) management in the North American Columbia Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Carney ◽  
Shannon Tushingham ◽  
Tara McLaughlin ◽  
Jade d'Alpoim Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
North American ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
The North ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Sexually Mature

One of the greatest archaeological enigmas is in understanding the role of decision-making, intentionality and interventions in plant life cycles by foraging peoples in transitions to and from low-level food production practices. We bring together archaeological, palaeoclimatological and botanical data to explore relationships over the past 4000 years between people and camas ( Camassia quamash ), a perennial geophyte with an edible bulb common across the North American Pacific Northwest. In this region throughout the late Holocene, people began experimenting with selective harvesting practices through targeting sexually mature bulbs by 3500 cal BP, with bulb harvesting practices akin to ethnographic descriptions firmly established by 1000 cal BP. While we find no evidence that such interventions lead to a selection for larger bulbs or a reduction in time to maturity, archaeological bulbs do exhibit several other domestication syndrome traits. This establishes considerable continuity to human intervention into camas life cycles, but these dynamic relationships did not result in unequivocal morphological indications of domestication. This approach to tracking forager plant management practices offers an alternative explanatory framework to conventional management studies, supplements oral histories of Indigenous traditional resource management and can be applied to other vegetatively propagated species.

scholarly journals Disparities in epilepsy: Report of a systematic review by the North American Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy

Epilepsia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2285-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge G. Burneo ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
William Theodore ◽  
Charles Begley ◽  
Karen Parko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North American ◽  
International League Against Epilepsy ◽  
The North ◽  
International League

scholarly journals Harvesting strategies as evidence for 4,000 years of camas (Camassia quamash) management in the North American Columbia Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Carney
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
The North ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Sexually Mature

One of the greatest archaeological enigmas is in understanding the role of decision-making, intentionality, and interventions in plant life cycles by foraging peoples in transitions to and from low-level food production practices. We bring together archaeological, paleoecological, and botanical data to explore relationships over the past 4,000 years between people and camas (Camassia quamash), a perennial geophyte with an edible bulb common across the North American Northwest. Throughout the mid to late Holocene, people begin experimenting with selective harvesting practices through targeting sexually mature bulbs by 3,500 BP, with bulb harvesting practices akin to ethnographic descriptions firmly established by 1,000 BP. While we find no evidence that such interventions lead to a selection for larger bulbs or a reduction in time to maturity, archaeological bulbs do exhibit several other domestication syndrome traits. This establishes considerable continuity to human intervention into camas life cycles, but these dynamic relationships did not result in unequivocal morphological indications of domestication. This approach to tracking forager plant management practices offers an alternative explanatory framework to conventional management studies and can be applied to other vegetatively propagated species.

scholarly journals Seasonal Activity, Within-Tree Distribution, and Ovipositional and Feeding Preference of the Elm Leafminer, Fenusa ulmi (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Fredric Miller ◽  
George Ware
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
American Elm ◽  
The North ◽  
Highly Correlated

Seventy-six different elm taxa were visually rated for elm leafminer (Fenusa ulmi Sundevall) defoliation. European elm taxa were more found to be more susceptible to feeding damage by the elm leafminer compared to Asian and North American elm taxa. European elms U. glabra, U. elliptica, U. sukaczezii, and elms with U. glabra-wallichiana parentage were highly susceptible to elm leafminer leaf feeding damage. Of the 37 Asian elm taxa evaluated, only U. laciniata was highly susceptible to feeding damage. The North American species U. rubra was the only North American elm susceptible to elm leafminer feeding. Adult emergence, initial leafmining, and cessation of leafmining were highly correlated with indicator plant full bloom phenology providing an accurate degree-day (DD) model for practitioners in predicting and monitoring for elm leafminer life stage development and related plant damage. Elm leafing out phenology of susceptible European elms was highly correlated with elm leafminer adult emergence and oviposition. Less susceptible European elm taxa, such as U. procera, and U. carpinifolia and cultivars, consistently leaf out later after peak adult leafminer emergence. Interestingly, the majority of Asian elm taxa such as U. davidiana, U. japonica, U. lamellosa, and U. pumila leaf out at the same time as susceptible elm taxa, but experience no or negligible feeding damage. Two Asian species, U. wilsoniana and U. parvifolia, leaf out later after peak adult emergence and oviposition has passed. No consistent pattern was observed for within tree ovipositional wounds and subsequent leafminer feeding damage for tree height or cardinal direction for both small and large elm tree species. Results from this study indicate there is a large number of Asian and North American elm taxa that provide a rich genetic pool for future elm breeding programs.

From Plows, Horses, and Harnesses to Precision Technologies in the North American Great Plains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Clay ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Thomas DeSutter ◽  
Cheryl Reese
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
North American ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
The North

Since the discovery that food security could be improved by pushing seeds into the soil and later harvesting a desirable crop, agriculture and agronomy have gone through cycles of discovery, implementation, and innovation. Discoveries have produced predicted and unpredicted impacts on the production and consumption of locally produced foods. Changes in technology, such as the development of the self-cleaning steel plow in the 18th century, provided a critical tool needed to cultivate and seed annual crops in the Great Plains of North America. However, plowing the Great Plains would not have been possible without the domestication of plants and animals and the discovery of the yoke and harness. Associated with plowing the prairies were extensive soil nutrient mining, a rapid loss of soil carbon, and increased wind and water erosion. More recently, the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and no-tillage planters has contributed to increased adoption of conservation tillage, which is less damaging to the soil. In the future, the ultimate impact of climate change on agronomic practices in the North American Great Plains is unknown. However, projected increasing temperatures and decreased rainfall in the southern Great Plains (SGP) will likely reduce agricultural productivity. Different results are likely in the northern Great Plains (NGP) where higher temperatures can lead to increased agricultural intensification, the conversion of grassland to cropland, increased wildlife fragmentation, and increased soil erosion. Precision farming, conservation, cover crops, and the creation of plants better designed to their local environment can help mitigate these effects. However, changing practices require that farmers and their advisers understand the limitations of the soils, plants, and environment, and their production systems. Failure to implement appropriate management practices can result in a rapid decline in soil productivity, diminished water quality, and reduced wildlife habitat.

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