scholarly journals Developing Inside a Layer of Germs—A Potential Role for Multiciliated Surface Cells in Vertebrate Embryos

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Ryan Kerney
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vertebrate Evolution ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Fish Embryos ◽  
Egg Capsules ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos

This paper reviews current research on the microbial life that surrounds vertebrate embryos. Several clades are believed to develop inside sterile—or near-sterile—embryonic microhabitats, while others thrive within a veritable zoo of microbial life. The occurrence of embryo-associated microbes in some groups, but not others, is an under-appreciated transition (possibly transitions) in vertebrate evolution. A lack of comparable studies makes it currently impossible to correlate embryo-associated microbiomes with other aspects of vertebrate evolution. However, there are embryonic features that should instruct a more targeted survey. This paper concludes with a hypothesis for the role of multiciliated surface cells in amphibian and some fish embryos, which may contribute to managing embryo-associated microbial consortia. These cells are known to exist in some species that harbor in ovo microbes or have relatively porous egg capsules, although most have not been assayed for embryo-associated microbiota. Whether the currents generated within these extraembryonic microhabitats contribute to culturing consistent microbial communities remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Potential role of weather, soil and plant microbial communities in rapid decline of apple trees

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0213293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jugpreet Singh ◽  
Katchen Julliany Pereira Silva ◽  
Marc Fuchs ◽  
Awais Khan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Apple Trees

scholarly journals The Role of Biofilms in the Development and Dissemination of Microbial Resistance within the Food Industry

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstathios Giaouris ◽  
Manuel Simões ◽  
Florence Dubois-Brissonnet
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Diffusion Limitations

Biofilms are multicellular sessile microbial communities embedded in hydrated extracellular polymeric matrices. Their formation is common in microbial life in most environments, while those formed on food-processing surfaces are of considerable interest in the context of food hygiene. Biofilm cells express properties that are distinct from planktonic ones, in particular, notorious resistance to antimicrobial agents. Thus, a special feature of biofilms is that, once they have been developed, they are hard to eradicate, even when careful sanitization procedures are regularly applied. A great deal of ongoing research has investigated how and why surface-attached microbial communities develop such resistance, and several mechanisms are to be acknowledged (e.g., heterogeneous metabolic activity, cell adaptive responses, diffusion limitations, genetic and functional diversification, and microbial interactions). The articles contained in this Special Issue deal with biofilms of some important food-related bacteria (including common pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as spoilage-causing spore-forming bacilli), providing novel insights on their resistance mechanisms and implications, together with novel methods (e.g., use of protective biofilms formed by beneficial bacteria, enzymes) that could be used to overcome such resistance and thus improve the safety of our food supply and protect public health.

scholarly journals Nanopore sequencing of microbial communities reveals the potential role of sea lice as a reservoir for fish pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Gonçalves ◽  
Rayen Collipal-Matamal ◽  
Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz ◽  
Gustavo Nuñez-Acuña ◽  
Diego Valenzuela-Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Fish Pathogens

scholarly journals Compost-Induced Suppression of Pythium Damping-Off Is Mediated by Fatty-Acid-Metabolizing Seed-Colonizing Microbial Communities

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. McKellar ◽  
Eric B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Seed Colonization

ABSTRACT Leaf composts were studied for their suppressive effects on Pythium ultimum sporangium germination, cottonseed colonization, and the severity of Pythium damping-off of cotton. A focus of the work was to assess the role of fatty-acid-metabolizing microbial communities in disease suppression. Suppressiveness was expressed within the first few hours of seed germination as revealed by reduced P. ultimum sporangium germination, reduced seed colonization, and reduced damping-off in transplant experiments. These reductions were not observed when cottonseeds were sown in a conducive leaf compost. Microbial consortia recovered from the surface of cottonseeds during the first few hours of germination in suppressive compost (suppressive consortia) induced significant levels of damping-off suppression, whereas no suppression was induced by microbial consortia recovered from cottonseeds germinated in conducive compost (conducive consortia). Suppressive consortia rapidly metabolized linoleic acid, whereas conducive consortia did not. Furthermore, populations of fatty-acid-metabolizing bacteria and actinobacteria were higher in suppressive consortia than in conducive consortia. Individual bacterial isolates varied in their ability to metabolize linoleic acid and protect seedlings from damping-off. Results indicate that communities of compost-inhabiting microorganisms colonizing cottonseeds within the first few hours after sowing in a Pythium-suppressive compost play a major role in the suppression of P. ultimum sporangium germination, seed colonization, and damping-off. Results further indicate that fatty acid metabolism by these seed-colonizing bacterial consortia can explain the Pythium suppression observed.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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