scholarly journals State of Crop Landraces in Arcadia (Greece) and In-Situ Conservation Potential

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Ricos Thanopoulos ◽  
Tilemachos Chatzigeorgiou ◽  
Konstantina Argyropoulou ◽  
Nikolaos-Marios Kostouros ◽  
Penelope J. Bebeli
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
On Farm

Genetic erosion of landraces is increasing worldwide, however there are still regions rich in landrace biodiversity, such as islands and mountainous isolated areas. Defining the reasons of landrace abandonment in these areas, as well as collecting and preserving landraces, is of outmost importance. In this context, the Agricultural University of Athens organized missions in 53 villages of Arcadia, a prefecture rich in floral biodiversity and variable climatic conditions and topography. The aim was to collect samples of the on-farm (in-situ) conserved annual crop landraces and record the location of perennial crop local varieties. Since traditional knowledge and practices have been playing a vital role in the survival of landraces and local varieties, information was obtained through personal interviews with locals using semi-structured questionnaires. Even though the number of accessions collected from Arcadia has been reduced (141 samples) compared to previous collections and genetic erosion is advancing dramatically for cereals and pulses, a significant number of landraces is still cultivated by the locals. The reasons of landrace abandonment were other sources of occupation than agriculture, such as public service jobs, mechanization, and commercialization of agriculture. Gastronomic and agro-tourism along with European Union trademarks and policies can support locals in landrace/local varieties in-situ conservation.

scholarly journals Adoption of Good Management Practices by the Gaushalas (Cow-shed) in Karnataka State, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mandi ◽  
S. Subash
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
General Management ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Large N ◽  
Karnataka State

Gaushalas play a vital role in safeguarding the cattle wealth of our country. It is primarily occupied with providing shelter to cows and is catering mostly the needs of non-lactating, weak, unproductive and stray cattle. However, a few fore front Gaushalas also maintain nucleus herd for in-situ conservation of indigenous purebred cows and produce quality males so as to enhance productivity of indigenous breeds. With this view, present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the level of adoption of good management practices by the Gaushalas. The study was conducted in Karnataka State involving 40 out of 80 registered Gaushalas, categorized as small (n=12), medium (n=18) and large (n=10) Gaushalas based on the herd size. Good management practices play an important role in improving the production performances of cattle, enhancing efficiency of animals in Gaushalas. In the present study ‘adoption’ was operationalised as the degree to which the good management practices viz., breeding, feeding, healthcare, general management and hygienic milk production, were adopted in the Gaushalas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy)

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bonasia ◽  
Giulia Conversa ◽  
Corrado Lazzizera ◽  
Pasqua Loizzo ◽  
Giuseppe Gambacorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
On Farm

Interest in local landraces has unfortunately decreased over, the last decades, in which they have been continuously subjected to a high genetic erosion in favour of new modern varieties. Within the Puglia region (S-E Italy), Foggia province was found to be the richest in vegetable landraces. In the present study, six garlic landraces collected from this area have been assessed for their chemical composition (minerals, organic acids, free sugars, volatile, and phenolic compounds) along with their main morpho-biometrical traits. A commercial genotype was also considered as a reference standard. The landraces show a large variability, but in general high morphological standards, high levels of cations and phenols, and low levels of volatile-(S)-compounds in comparison with the commercial genotype and the literature values. ‘Aglio di Peschici’ and ‘Aglio Rosso di Monteleone di Puglia’ are very rich in minerals and phenols (mainly ferulic acid and iso-rhamnetin). This increase in knowledge on the chemical properties of these garlic landraces could represent a tool for encouraging the consumption of a food product. At the same time, the consumption of these landraces would stimulate their cultivation and could highly contribute to protection against the risk of erosion of agro-biodiversity by their in situ/on-farm conservation.

GOOD PRACTICES OF ON-FARM/IN SITU CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF TROPICAL FRUIT TREE DIVERSITY IN THAILAND

2014 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
S. Somsri ◽  
P. Sripinta ◽  
T. Nimkingrat ◽  
S. Changprasert ◽  
M. Issarakraisila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
On Farm

Plant introduction as a priority direction of scientific and practical activity of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
N.V. Kuzmyshyna ◽  
R.L, Boguslavskyi ◽  
O.M. Bezuglaya ◽  
V.M. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Priority Direction

The aim of the article is to summarize the results of plant gene pool samples introduction into the National Plant Genebank from different countries and ecological and geographical zones for use in domestic breeding. Results and Discussion. In 2016 – 2018, 5984 samples were introduced to the Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine using various information sources, including 2093 samples from Ukraine and 3891 from foreign countries. The greatest samples variety was attracted by cereals, leguminous, fodder, medicinal and essential oil, vegetable and melon crops, corn. Seeds of new forms having valuable properties are attached from research and breeding institutions of Ukraine. The samples of foreign origin were most actively introduced through cooperation with research institutions of Russia, Belarus, and Moldova. A significant number of samples came from genebanks in Europe: the Czech Republic, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands; Asia: Kazakhstan Turkey, Israel, China as well as from South (Mexico) and North America - USA, Canada. The ways of pre-adaptation and adaptation of samples from geographically remote regions for use in Ukraine are indicated. To collect local cultural and wild-growing samples of different crops, collecting missions were carried out in the central and southern regions of the forest-steppe and northeastern regions of Ukraine during which 1641 gene pool samples were collected. For the Red Book species of plants and species that are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine but are rare or are threatened with extinction under natural conditions, a points have been identified for possible arrangement of in situ conservation reserves. A number of objects with a rich genetic diversity of fodder and medicinal plants have been identified, on which it is necessary to monitor coenoses and ensure in situ conservation. The introduced samples were transferred for use in research and breeding programs in Ukraine. Conclusions. The definition of a model of ecologically adapted in Ukraine genotypes of different crops that are carriers of valuable traits from countries with similar climatic conditions as well as from geographically remote regions, has made it possible to increase the efficiency of introduction and to more specifically search and attract to the National Genebank the plant samples with the necessary manifestation levels of economic and biological traits.

Participatory plant breeding programs to optimize use of crop genetic resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Margaret Smith ◽  
◽  
J. C. Dawson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
On Farm

This chapter summarizes a sample of variety evaluation, experimental design, and breeding method innovations that have served as solid approaches for participatory plant breeding (PPB) efforts. With success in PPB comes success in conservation at a local level of useful alleles and allele assemblages in the form of on-farm crop genetic resources. PPB programs of this sort have the potential to add value to local or traditional varieties that might otherwise be abandoned, thus promoting their in situ conservation. This chapter briefly touches on methodologies to assess farmers’ variety preferences. This is followed by sections that highlight some experimental designs for on-farm variety evaluation and farmer-participatory breeding methods for combining in-situ conservation with genetic improvement. Finally, some of the challenges that may limit genetic gain from PPB programs are noted – problems that increase the risk of wholesale replacement of on-farm genetic diversity rather than conservation through improvement.

Genetic erosion and in situ conservation of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) landraces in its Mesoamerican diversity center

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1065-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martínez-Castillo ◽  
P. Colunga-GarcíaMarín ◽  
D. Zizumbo-Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus

scholarly journals NATIVE SEEDS/SEARCH: BRIDGING IN SITU AND EX SITU CONSERVATION OF NATIVE SOUTHWESTERN CROPS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179d-1179
Author(s):  
Gary Paul Nabhan ◽  
Mahina Drees ◽  
Kevin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Educational Materials

The binational Southwest remains rich in native crop land races and crop wild relatives, despite numerous pressures favoring genetic erosion. Native Seeds/SEARCH is promoting in situ conservation in traditional Indian fields and nearby wild habitats, but also maintains a gene bank as a back-up, to allow future reintroductions. Seeds are distributed to Native American communities for free, and their value is reinforced through a variety of educational materials and presentations. Our regional focus allows us to serve as an effective bridge between in situ and ex situ conservationists, between Indian and international organizations, and between tribes. Methods, ethics and accomplishments to date will be highlighted.

Genetic Erosion and In Situ Conservation of Lima Bean (Phaseolus Lunatus L.) Landraces in Mesoamerican Diversity Center

2015 ◽  
pp. 285-306
Author(s):  
Jaime Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Filogonio May-Pat ◽  
Luciana Camacho-Pérez ◽  
Rubén H. Andueza-Noh ◽  
Félix Dzul-Tejero
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus
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