scholarly journals Fast Phase-Contrast Cine MRI for Assessing Intracranial Hemodynamics and Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Ohno ◽  
Tosiaki Miyati ◽  
Tomohiro Noda ◽  
Noam Alperin ◽  
Takashi Hamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Cine Mri ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Fast Phase ◽  
Full Inspiration ◽  
Conventional Methods

We propose fast phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC-cine MRI) to allow breath-hold acquisition, and we compared intracranial hemo- and hydrodynamic parameters obtained during breath holding between full inspiration and end expiration. On a 3.0 T MRI, using electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronized fast PC-cine MRI with parallel imaging, rectangular field of view, and segmented k-space, we obtained velocity-mapped phase images at the mid-C2 level with different velocity encoding for transcranial blood flow and cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) flow. Next, we calculated the peak-to-peak amplitudes of cerebral blood flow (ΔCBF), cerebral venous outflow, intracranial volume change, CSF pressure gradient (ΔPG), and intracranial compliance index. These parameters were compared between the proposed and conventional methods. Moreover, we compared these parameters between different utilized breath-hold maneuvers (inspiration, expiration, and free breathing). All parameters derived from the fast PC method agreed with those from the conventional method. The ΔPG was significantly higher during full inspiration breath holding than at the end of expiration and during free breathing. The proposed fast PC-cine MRI reduced scan time (within 30 s) with good agreement with conventional methods. The use of this method also makes it possible to assess the effects of respiration on intracranial hemo- and hydrodynamics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using phase contrast cine MR imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Belal ◽  
Abd-Elhalim Al Tantawy ◽  
Fatema Mohamed Sherif ◽  
Alshaimaa Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Cine Mri ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Flow Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Changes

Abstract Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects overweight women in the middle age period. The pathophysiology of IIH stays unclear, but suggested mechanisms include excess CSF production, reduced CSF absorption, increased brain water content, and increased cerebral venous pressure Objectives To assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamic changes in aqueduct of Sylvius in patients of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with new MRI technique: phase contrast cine MRI (PCC-MRI). Methods Thirty patients diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were divided into 3 groups according to treatment options (no treatment, medical treatment, and medical treatment with repeated lumbar tapping). CSF flow data were evaluated by phase contrast cine MRI. Results PCC-MRI parameters were significantly higher in group who was on medical treatment (group II) than other groups. The sensitivity of PCC MRI parameters ranged from 56.7 (stroke volume (SV) and mean flow (MF)) to 83.3% (peak systolic velocity (PSV)). A statistically significant difference was found for the mean flow value (p 0.039) between the control group and IIH patients. Conclusion The most specific CSF flowmetry parameter detected to help diagnosis of IIH is mean flow especially among early discovered patients. PCC MRI can be used as non-invasive technique for diagnosis of IIH and treatment follow-up.

scholarly journals Fold-Over Oversampling Effects in the Measurements of Cerebral Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Flows with 2D Cine Phase-Contrast MRI

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Fadoua Saadani-Makki ◽  
Serge Metanbou ◽  
Garance Arbeaumont-Trocme ◽  
Julien Van Gysel ◽  
Malek I. Makki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Phase Offset ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cine Phase Contrast

This prospective study investigated the effects of fold-over oversampling on phase-offset background errors with 2D-Cine phase contrast (Cine-PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was performed on brain MRI and compared to conventional Full-field of view FOV coverage and it was tested with two different velocity encoding (Venc) values. We chose Venc = 100 mm/s to encode cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows in the aqueduct and 600 mm/s to encode blood flow in the carotid artery. Cine-PC was carried out on 10 healthy adult volunteers followed simultaneously by an acquisition on static agar-gel phantom to measure the phase-offset background errors. Pixel-wise correction of both the CSF and the blood flows was calculated through 32 points of the cardiac-cycle. We compared the velocity-to-noise ratio, the section area, the absolute and the corrected velocity (peak; mean and minimum), the net flow, and the stroke volume before and after correction. We performed the statistical T-test to compare Full-FOV and fold-over and Bland–Altman plots to analyze their differences. Our results showed that following phase-offset error correction, the blood stroke-volume was significantly higher with Full-FOV compared to fold-over. We observed a significantly higher CSF mean velocity and net flow values in the fold-over option. Compared to Full-FOV, fold-over provides a significantly larger section area and significantly lower peak velocity-offset in the aqueduct. No significant difference between the two coverages was reported before and after phase-offset in blood flow measurements. In conclusion, fold-over oversampling can be chosen as an alternative to increase spatial resolution and accurate cerebral flow quantification in Cine-PC.

scholarly journals Aging Effects on Cerebral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flows

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souraya Stoquart-ElSankari ◽  
Olivier Balédent ◽  
Catherine Gondry-Jouet ◽  
Malek Makki ◽  
Olivier Godefroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Contrast Magnetic Resonance

Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive reliable technique, which enables quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and total cerebral blood flows (tCBF). Although it is used to study hydrodynamic cerebral disorders in the elderly group (hydrocephalus), there is no published evaluation of aging effects on both tCBF and CSF flows, and on their mechanical coupling. Nineteen young (mean age 27 ± 4 years) and 12 elderly (71 ± 9 years) healthy volunteers underwent cerebral MRI using 1.5 T scanner. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence was performed at the aqueductal and cervical levels. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow curves were then calculated over the cardiac cycle, to extract the characteristic parameters: mean and peak flows, their latencies, and stroke volumes for CSF (cervical and aqueductal) and vascular flows. Total cerebral blood flow was ( P < 0.01) decreased significantly in the elderly group when compared with the young subjects with a linear correlation with age observed only in the elderly group ( R2 = 0.7; P = 0.05). Arteriovenous delay was preserved with aging. The CSF stroke volumes were significantly reduced in the elderly, at both aqueductal ( P < 0.01) and cervical ( P < 0.05) levels, whereas aqueduct/cervical proportion ( P = 0.9) was preserved. This is the first work to study aging effects on both CSF and vascular cerebral flows. Data showed (1) tCBF decrease, (2) proportional aqueductal and cervical CSF pulsations reduction as a result of arterial loss of pulsatility, and (3) preserved intracerebral compliance with aging. These results should be used as reference values, to help understand the pathophysiology of degenerative dementia and cerebral hydrodynamic disorders as hydrocephalus.

Variations in blood flow waveforms in stenotic renal arteries by 2D phase-contrast cine MRI

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos J. M. Westenberg ◽  
Martin N. J. M. Wasser ◽  
Rob J. van der Geest ◽  
Peter M. T. Pattynama ◽  
Albert de Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Cine Mri ◽  
Flow Waveforms

The human spleen as an erythrocyte reservoir in diving-related interventions

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Espersen ◽  
Hans Frandsen ◽  
Torben Lorentzen ◽  
Inge-Lis Kanstrup ◽  
Niels J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Diving Response ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
The Face

Twelve subjects without and ten subjects with diving experience performed short diving-related interventions. After labeling of erythrocytes, scintigraphic measurements were continuously performed during these interventions. All interventions elicited a graduated and reproducible splenic contraction, depending on the type, severity, and duration of the interventions. The splenic contraction varied between ∼10% for “apnea” (breath holding for 30 s) and “cold clothes” (cold and wet clothes applied on the face with no breath holding for 30 s) and ∼30–40% for “simulated diving” (simulated breath-hold diving for 30 s), “maximal apnea” (breath holding for maximal duration), and “maximal simulated diving” (simulated breath-hold diving for maximal duration). The strongest interventions (simulated diving, maximal apnea, and maximal simulated diving) elicited modest but significant increases in hemoglobin concentration (0.1–0.3 mmol/l) and hematocrit (0.3–1%). By an indirect method, the splenic venous hematocrit was calculated to 79%. No major differences were observed between the two groups. The splenic contraction should, therefore, be included in the diving response on equal terms with bradycardia, decreased peripheral blood flow, and increased blood pressure.

Single-breath breath-holding estimate of pulmonary blood flow in man: comparison with direct Fick cardiac output

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kendrick ◽  
A. Rozkovec ◽  
M. Papouchado ◽  
J. West ◽  
G. Laszlo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiac Disorders

1. Resting pulmonary blood flow (Q.), using the uptake of the soluble inert gas Freon-22 and an indirect estimate of lung tissue volume, has been estimated during breath-holding (Q.c) and compared with direct Fick cardiac output (Q.f) in 16 patients with various cardiac disorders. 2. The effect of breath-hold time was investigated by comparing Q.c estimated using 6 and 10 s of breath-holding in 17 patients. Repeatability was assessed by duplicate measurements of Q.c in the patients and in six normal subjects. 3. Q.c tended to overestimate Q.f, the bias and error being 0.09 l/min and 0.59, respectively. The coefficient of repeatability for Q.c in the patients was 0.75 l/min and in the normal subjects was 0.66 1/min. For Q.f it was 0.72 l/min. There was no significant difference in Q.c measured at the two breath-hold times. 4. The technique is simple to perform, and provides a rapid estimate of Q., monitoring acute and chronic changes in cardiac output in normal subjects and patients with cardiac disease.

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