scholarly journals Ultrasonography and Atypical Sites of Endometriosis

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Guerriero ◽  
Francesca Conway ◽  
Maria Angela Pascual ◽  
Betlem Graupera ◽  
Silvia Ajossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Scar Endometriosis ◽  
Small Nodule ◽  
Hypoechoic Lesion ◽  
Perineal Endometriosis ◽  
Umbilical Endometriosis

In the present pictorial we show the ultrasonographic appearances of endometriosis in atypical sites. Scar endometriosis may present as a hypoechoic solid nodule with hyperechoic spots while umbilical endometriosis may appear as solid or partially cystic areas with ill-defined margins. In the case of endometriosis of the rectus muscle, ultrasonography usually demonstrates a heterogeneous hypoechogenic formation with indistinct edges. Inguinal endometriosis is quite variable in its ultrasonographic presentation showing a completely solid mass or a mixed solid and cystic mass. The typical ultrasonographic finding associated with perineal endometriosis is the presence of a solid lesion near to the episiotomy scar. Under ultrasonography, appendiceal endometriosis is characterized by a solid lesion in the wall of the small bowel, usually well defined. Superficial hepatic endometriosis is characterized by a small hypoechoic lesion interrupting the hepatic capsula, usually hyperechoic. Ultrasound endometriosis of the pancreas is characterized by a small hypoechoic lesion while endometriosis of the kidney is characterized by a hyperechoic small nodule. Diaphragmatic endometriosis showed typically small hypoechoic lesions. Only peripheral nerves can be investigated using ultrasound, with a typical solid appearance. In conclusion, ultrasonography seems to have a fundamental role in the majority of endometriosis cases in “atypical” sites, in all the cases where “typical” clinical findings are present.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Primordial Odontogenic Tumor That Required Distinction from a Dentigerous Cyst

Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sawako Ono ◽  
Hotaka Kawai ◽  
Shintaro Sukegawa ◽  
Kiyofumi Takabatake ◽  
Keisuke Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Primordial Odontogenic Tumor

Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare odontogenic tumor characterized by a variably cellular loose fibrous tissue with areas similar to the dental papilla and covered by cuboidal to columnar epithelium. We herein report a case of POT in a 14-year-old boy. Computed tomography (CT) exhibited a round cavity with a defined cortical border circumscribing the tooth of the second molar. However, the gross finding was a solid mass, not a cyst. Histologically, the tumor consisted of dental papillalike myxoid connective tissue covered by columnar epithelium. Therefore, although the clinical diagnosis was dentigerous cyst (DC), we diagnosed POT based on histologic findings. Clinical findings of POT resemble DC, but the clinical behavior of POT is different to DC, such as cortical expansion and root resorption of teeth. Therefore, histological differentiation of POT from DC is critical for accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals Fatal Nemaline Myopathy in Infancy

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. McMenamin ◽  
Bernadette Curry ◽  
Glen P. Taylor ◽  
Laurence E. Becker ◽  
E. Gordon Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Nemaline Myopathy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Severe Hypotonia ◽  
Clinical Stability

ABSTRACT:The clinical and neuropathological findings in two infants with congenital nemaline myopathy are described. One patient presented at birth with severe hypotonia, respiratory failure and contractures and died shortly after the neonatal period. The other presented at age two months with hypotonia and, following a period of clinical stability, died at age seven months from respiratory failure. Pathological findings in the fatal neonatal case revealed numerous rod bodies in lingual, pharyngeal, diaphragm and limb muscles, correlating with clinical findings. Significant, but less rod body involvement was found in the diaphragm and limb muscles of the second patient. Although a neural basis has been suggested for this disorder, no abnormalities were found in the central nervous system or in the peripheral nerves of these two severely affected patients.

scholarly journals Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Clinical Presentation And Imaging Features with Emphasis on Sonography

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Quorrata Eynul Forhad ◽  
Ali Akbar Biswas ◽  
Sk Monirul Islam ◽  
Md Shah Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Scar Endometriosis ◽  
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
Pathological Material

Objective(s): The purpose of our study was to evaluate clinical findings and sonographic features of abdominal wall endometriosis and also to report its CT and MRI appearance.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed from January 2008 - December 2012, yielding 12 surgically proven cases of abdominal wall endometriosis. All patients had undergone sonography including power Doppler examination. Additional CT was performed in one case and MRI in four. Pathological material was preoperatively obtained by sonographically guided puncture in six patients. The clinical data were analyzed and the imaging studies were reviewed by radiologist working in consensus.Results: All patients had a history of at least one prior cesarean section. All patients’ C/S was done in this institution and 1500 C/S were performed within a period of 5 years giving a frequency of 0.8% scar endometriosis after C/S. All presented with focal pain near the surgical scar, which was cyclic in three patients. Nine patients presented with a palpable mass near the scar. Sonography detected 11 lesions within the abdominal wall with a mean diameter 25mm and in one case sonography could not identify any lesion. All lesions were hypoechoic, vascular, and solid, with some cystic changes in one. MRI CT scan showed enhancement of the lesions. Finally histopathologically all were proved as endometriosis’.Conclusion: Abdominal wall endometriosis frequently presents with noncyclic symptoms. Imaging findings of a solid mass near a cesarean section scar strongly suggest its diagnosis.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 3-8

Massive ovarian edema associated with ovarian serous cystadenoma: a case report and review of the literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
W. E. Khalbuss ◽  
B. Dipasquale
Keyword(s):  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Serous Cystadenoma ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Ovarian Neoplasm ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
First Case ◽  
Massive Ovarian Edema ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

Massive ovarian edema is a rare entity that can be confused with an ovarian neoplasm. A few ovarian lesions have been reported that are associated with massive ovarian edema. This article describes the first case of an ovarian serous cystadenoma associated with a massive ovarian edema. The patient was a 17-year-old female who was referred to the emergency room because of lower abdominal pain. Subsequent ultrasound and computed tomography scanning studies revealed an abdominopelvic cystic mass suggestive of an ovarian neoplasm. She underwent an exploratory laparoscopy, and a left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The specimen weighed 1610 g and consisted of a cystic mass measuring 17 × 15 × 8 cm attached to a solid mass measuring 13 × 11 × 4 cm. Microscopy revealed a cystic and a solid lesion. The cystic structure was composed of a flat or cuboidal single-layer lining showing ciliated epithelium and focal areas of papillary structures compatible with a diagnosis of ovarian serous cystadenoma. The solid mass had an intact capsule and diffuse interstitial edema, preserving the overall structure of the ovary and sparing the outer cortex. These findings are compatible with the diagnosis of ovarian massive edema. This report of an association of serous cystadenoma with massive ovarian edema broadens the histologic spectrum in which a massive ovarian edema may be encountered.

scholarly journals Scar Endometriosis, An Uncommon Entity

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
L Saha
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Wide Excision ◽  
Scar Endometriosis ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Scar endometriosis is an uncommon condition where there is presence of endometrial tissue in the abnormal sites. Generally this is a benign lesion although malignant transformation is possible. Commonest site is at the site of laparoscopy done for non gynaecologic indications. Extrapelvic sites are fairly uncommon, among which abdominal wall may also be affected. This case of scar endometriosis was diagnosed after 2 years of caesarean section. Patient presented with pain and swelling below the umbilicus. Pain had a distinct relationship with the menstrual cycle. Swelling appeared later and was slowly increasing in size. There was a high index of suspicion based on history and clinical findings. Wide excision was done and histopathogy reported the lesion as scar endometriosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7955 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 99-101)

scholarly journals Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms confined to the appendix: clinical manifestations and CT findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Rong Yu ◽  
Jun Mao ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Xiang-ying Meng ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Portal Venous Phase ◽  
Cystic Wall

The clinical findings and CT images are investigated in order to fulfill an early preoperative diagnosis and increase awareness of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) confined to the appendix. 17 cases with histologically proven LAMNs confined to the appendix were included in this study. All patients had received multiphase CT examinations before the surgery. The imaging criteria included shape, size, margin, attenuation, secondary degeneration and internal mass enhancement pattern. In CT images, all cases appeared as oval or tubular cystic masses (average attenuation 20.4±3.6 Hounsfield units), with the longest dimensions ranging from approximately 38 to 106 mm (mean 66.3 mm), and the ratio of length against width was 1.83 in average. The cystic wall was unevenly thickened, with a mean maximal wall thickness of 5.7 mm (>10 mm in 3 cases). The inner capsule wall was rough, and calcification was observed in 3 cases. A few amounts of periappendiceal fat stranding were noted in 2 cases. Mild ring mural enhancement of the cystic wall was seen during the arterial phase, with progressive enhancement during the portal venous phase. In addition, mini enhancing mural nodules was observed in 5 cases. Although preoperative diagnosis of LAMNs confined to the appendix remains challenging, it should be considered when a focal well-defined cystic mass with slightly higher than water attenuation, thickened cystic wall with ring mural enhancement and a characteristic progressive contrast enhancement in CT imaging, especially in older females with non-specific symptoms similar to appendicitis.

Ultrasound of the Peripheral Nerves

2019 ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Carlo Martinoli ◽  
Sonia Airaldi ◽  
Federico Zaottini
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Imaging Tool

The most common disorders affecting peripheral nerves that are amenable to US examination are illustrated in Chapter 126, including compressive neuropathies, polyneuropathies, nerve injuries, tumors, and tumorlike lesions. There is an expanding evidence base to support the use of high-resolution US as an imaging tool to evaluate the peripheral nervous system. However, the highly operator-dependent nature and level of technical expertise required to perform an adequate US assessment of peripheral neuropathies means that appropriate training and an in-depth knowledge of anatomy and clinical findings are required. A careful US approach with thorough understanding of soft tissue planes and extensive familiarity with anatomy are prerequisites for obtaining reliable information regarding these types of examinations.

scholarly journals A rare case of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1268
Author(s):  
Bhadana Priyanka ◽  
Abha Kiran ◽  
Veena Ganju Malla
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Perineal Ultrasound ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Scar Endometriosis ◽  
Malignant Changes ◽  
Perineal Endometriosis

Perineal endometriosis is a rare entity which can be explained by direct implantation of endometriotic cells over the fresh episiotomy wound and subsequent development of scar endometriosis. Perineal scar endometriosis incidence is reported to be 0.3% to 1%. 28 years old, P1L1, presented with pain and swelling near episiotomy site which is associated with menstruation. Examination during menstruation revealed swelling was tender, erythematous and slightly increased in size. Clinical diagnosis of scar endometriosis was made after clinical examination. Mass excised and sent for histopathological examination. Although diagnosis essentially remains clinical, preoperative evaluation with perineal ultrasound and MRI was performed. Wide local excision remains treatment of choice and follow up for recurrence is recommended. Histopathological examination is obligatory to exclude rare possibility of malignant changes.

The Branching Pattern and Communications of the Musculocutaneous Nerve

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNAMURTHY ◽  
S. R. NAYAK ◽  
L. VENKATRAYA PRABHU ◽  
R. P. HEGDE ◽  
S. SURENDRAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Upper Arm

Anatomical variations of peripheral nerves are important and can help explain otherwise incomprehensible clinical findings. A study of 26 right and 18 left formalin-preserved upper limbs identified the fact that the musculocutaneous nerve is subject to considerable anatomical variation, including communication with the median nerve. A study of its branching pattern made us aware of why debility after trauma to the lateral aspect of the upper arm may be more than expected, and this study considers the clinical and surgical importance of these variations of the musculocutaneous nerve.

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