scholarly journals Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Mako Ooishi ◽  
Satoshi Yamada ◽  
Toshiya Itoh ◽  
Shiori Meguro ◽  
Haruna Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Exchange Resins

Ion-exchange resins are commonly used to treat complications such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal complications may occur as side effects of such treatments. Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (PS-Ca) are cation-exchange resins comprising an insoluble structure that binds to potassium ions in the digestive tract and exchanges them with sodium and calcium ions, respectively, to promote their elimination. PS crystals are rhomboid, refractive, and basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin staining. To differentiate PS crystals from other ion-exchange resin crystals such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, periodic acid–Schiff, Ziehl–Neelsen, and Congo red staining are usually performed. Here, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the NanoSuit method (CENM) was applied to perform a definitive identification of ion-exchange resins. CENM could detect sulfur in PS crystals without destroying the glass slides. Notably, PS retained its ion-exchange ability to bind potassium in paraffin sections. Differential diagnosis of anion-exchange resins, such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, was possible using these characteristics. The phosphorus:carbon ratio was higher in sevelamer than in cholestyramine after soaking paraffin sections in a phosphate solution. Therefore, CENM may be used for the differential pathological diagnosis of ion-exchange resins in paraffin sections.

scholarly journals Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Low-Boiling Solvent Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tschirner ◽  
Eric Weingart ◽  
Linda Teevs ◽  
Ulf Prüße
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Exchange Resins

A mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and water was used as a new and unknown monophasic reaction solvent for fructose dehydration in order to produce HMF. HFIP is a low-boiling fluorous alcohol (b.p. 58 °C). Hence, HFIP can be recovered cost efficiently by distillation. Different ion-exchange resins were screened for the HFIP/water system in batch experiments. The best results were obtained for acidic macroporous ion-exchange resins, and high HMF yields up to 70% were achieved. The effects of various reaction conditions like initial fructose concentration, catalyst concentration, water content in HFIP, temperature and influence of the catalyst particle size were evaluated. Up to 76% HMF yield was attained at optimized reaction conditions for high initial fructose concentration of 0.5 M (90 g/L). The ion-exchange resin can simply be recovered by filtration and reused several times. This reaction system with HFIP/water as solvent and the ion-exchange resin Lewatit K2420 as catalyst shows excellent performance for HMF synthesis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Nitro Aniline Ion-Exchange Resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh N. Zala ◽  
Mitesh B. Gondaliya ◽  
Javed G. Mahetar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Melamine Formaldehyde ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A series of resins was synthesized and analyzed for selective ion-exchange nature for some metals. Substituted aniline was reacted with formaldehyde, melamine. For the synthesis of ion-exchange resins, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by elemental analysis and studied antimicrobial activities. Synthesized Resin shows ion exchange capability and moderate activity against microbial. Ion exchange resin also showed reusability and stability at an elevated temperature.

scholarly journals POTENCIALIDADE DE USO DA RESINA AMBERLITE IR 120 NO TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS QUÍMICOS CONTENDO ESPÉCIES IÔNICAS COM CR2O72-, FE3+ E MNO4-

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fernanda Da Silva Nogueira ◽  
Aparecida Maria Simões Mimura ◽  
Júlio César José Da Silva ◽  
Rafael Arromba de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Chemistry Department ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cationic Resin ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Acid Waste

Ion exchange resins have been widely used as an option for wastewater treatments and are effective in reducing the concentration of residual metals. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of an ion exchange resin for the treatment of an acid waste regularly produced at the Chemistry Department in the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Employing optimized experimental conditions the studied method allowed to remove, significantly the Fe3+, Cr2O72- and MnO4- content, using only the cationic resin, AMBERLITE IR 120®. In addition, desorption of these species was also studied, in which the metals content could be concentrated into a volume 70% smaller than the ordinary waste volume. Besides, after that desorption the resin can be reused and the method showed to be adequate for routine uses.

scholarly journals Potential and pitfalls of XRF-CS analysis of ion-exchange resins in environmental studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludvig Löwemark ◽  
Alice Chien-Yi Liao ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Liou ◽  
Shital Godad ◽  
Ting-Yi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Sample Carrier ◽  
Secondary Fluorescence

AbstractDetecting clandestine, intermittent release of heavy metal pollution into natural and man-made water ways is challenging. Conventional chemical methods are both labor intensive and expensive. A recent approach combining ion-exchange resins with the capabilities of X-ray fluorescence core scanners (XRF-CS) therefore is of great interest. In short, ion-exchange resin is deployed in the water using small sachets, the resin is then collected, dried, filled into sample holders and scanned using XRF-CS. Ion-exchange resins take up heavy metals in proportion to the concentration in the ambient water, with a correlation coefficient (R2) between concentration and XRF-CS counts better than 0.96 for most elements. However, a number of parameters influence the measurements. Different drying methods introduce differences in the XRF counts because of lattice bound water, resin shrinkage, and disaggregation of the resin particles. Furthermore, the newly developed sample carrier, which was constructed using 3D printed polymers, contains trace amounts of elements that may influence the sample measurements through edge effects and secondary fluorescence. In the tested sample carrier materials, substantial levels of Cr, Fe, Co, and Zn were detected, while Ca, Ti, Ni, Cu, Ga showed variable levels. Ba, Tl and Bi show very low levels, and Pb is only of importance in the PLA carrier. It is therefore necessary to streamline the analysis-process to ensure that the variations in sample treatment and drying and filling methods are minimized. It is also recommended that only spectra from the center of the compartments are used for the evaluation to avoid edge effects caused by secondary fluorescence of metals in the compartment walls. Although the technique of using ion-exchange resin sachets and XRF-CS analysis is only semi-quantitative, it is a cost effective and fast way to monitor large areas for environmental pollution, and the new sample carrier greatly contributes to make the process faster and less error prone.

Evaluation of Ion Exchange Resins and Various Enzymes in Thiamine Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1338
Author(s):  
Wayne C Ellefson ◽  
Earl Richter ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
N Thomas Baillies
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Hydrogen Form ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Exchange Resins

Abstract Four ion exchange resins and 9 enzyme preparations are evaluated for use in the official AOAC thiamine method because Decalso and Clarase or Mylase P either are no longer available or are available in a form that is not suitable for use in the assay. The enzymes are prepared in the same manner described for Clarase or Mylase P in the AOAC method and are compared with Clarase T300 for their effectiveness in releasing thiamine from thiamine phosphate, and their ability to produce similar results on samples. Rhozyme S is 90–100– as effective as Clarase T300 in both of these respects. The other enzymes tested were not satisfactory. Further study is necessary because Rhozyme S also is no longer manufactured. The ion exchange resins are prepared for use in the manner described for Decalso in the AOAC method. Recoveries of thiamine range from 95 to 100%, using Bio-Rex 70 (hydrogen form) ion exchange resin. The other resins tested were not satisfactory.

scholarly journals Ion-Exchange Resins as Controlled Drug Delivery Carriers

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Srikanth ◽  
S. A. Sunil ◽  
N. S. Rao ◽  
M. U. Uhumwangho ◽  
K. V. Ramana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Cation ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Exchange Resins

Ion exchange resins (IER) are insoluble polymers that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter-ions within aqueous solutions surrounding them. Based on the nature of the exchangeable ion of the resin as a cation or anion, it is classified as cationic or anionic exchange resins, respectively. The efficacy of ion exchange resins mainly depends upon their physical properties such as degree of cross-linking, porosity, acid base strength, stability, purity and particle size. Modified release of drugs from resinate (drug-resin complexes) is another potential application of ion exchange resins.  Due to the versatile utility of ion exchange resins, they are being used for various drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Resins used are polymers that contain appropriately substituted acidic groups, such as carboxylic and sulfonic for cation exchangers; or basic groups, such as quaternary ammonium group for anion exchangers. This review addresses different types of ion exchange resin, their properties, the chemistry; role of IER in controlled drug delivery systems, its therapeutic applications, methods of preparation of IER along with their resonates. Keywords: Anion exchange; Cation exchange; Resin; Controlled release; Resinates; Drug delivery. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4991               J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 599-613 (2010) 

Practical applications of ion exchange resins in agricultural and environmental soil research

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Qian ◽  
J. J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
And Diffusion

The use of synthetic ion-exchange resins to examine ion bioavailability in soil and sediment systems has attracted much attention over the years. The first report in this regard was made 7-8 yr after resins were developed in the 1930s. So far, nearly 400 journal articles have been published related to use of resins in soil and environmental studies. The experience gained has led to more widespread applications in research as well as practical use in soil fertility assessment and fertilizer recommendations. Two commercial products developed in North America have directly resulted from years of research efforts. Recent developments in resin technology and availability warrant an updated review of the literature to aid in better understanding and utilizion of this technique. In this paper we provide an overview of historic and current developments in the use of ion exchange techniques in soil research. We also provide specific examples of successful use of batch and diffusion-sensitive ion exchange techniques in research and commercial use to assess ion availability. Finally, we address certain frequently asked questions about how the ion exchange resin technique is applied and how results are interpreted, including their advantages and limitations. Key Words: Ion exchange resin, agriculture, environment, soil research

Immobilization in Cement of Ion Exchange Resins

1989 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Le Bescop ◽  
P. Bouniol ◽  
M. Jorda
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Incorporation Rate ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Hydraulic Cement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Exchange Resins

ABSTRACTRecent studies were carried out in France to improve ion exchange resin solidification in cement-based matrices. Work is conducted on different types of waste - cationic, anionic and mixed-bed resins - under regenerated and loaded states. The main objective is to increase the waste incorporation rate up to roughly 50% (in volume). Hydraulic cement formulas are developed taking into account waste chemistry, in particular the presence of ions which inhibit setting.

Recycling of waste printed circuit boards into ion exchange resin

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2080-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiu Zhang ◽  
Tao Tian ◽  
Jinyang Chen ◽  
Jianhua Zu ◽  
Yangjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Exchange Resins

Ion exchange resins with high IEC and stability are obtained from WPCBs by treatment with sulphuric acid.

Treatment of Dyebath Effluents by Polymeric Resin Adsorbents and Ion-Exchange Resins

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
A. Netzer ◽  
S. Beszedits
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Textile Mills ◽  
Polymeric Adsorbent ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Exchange Resins

Abstract Exhausted dyebath effluents were collected from various textile mills. The samples were characterized by high levels of TOC, COD, colour and various heavy metals, most notably copper, zinc and chromium. Contacting these wastewater samples with polymeric adsorbent and ion-exchange resins indicated that very of ten excellent treatment results can be obtained. Removal of TOC by the adsorbent resins varied from about 15 to 65%, while COD removals ranged from 15 to 85%. The ion-exchange resins seldom provided significant TOC or COD removal. Zinc was not only present in the highest concentrations, but was also the most difficult to remove. Most importantly, for virtually every effluent there was at least one adsorbent or ion-exchange resin which was capable of attaining almost 100% decolourization.

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