scholarly journals Association of Corneal Biomechanics Properties with Myopia in a Child and a Parent Cohort: Hong Kong Children Eye Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Shu-Min Tang ◽  
Xiu-Juan Zhang ◽  
Marco Yu ◽  
Yu-Meng Wang ◽  
Carol Y. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Corneal Biomechanics ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Deformation Amplitude ◽  
Corneal Deformation

Associations between corneal biomechanics, axial elongation and myopia are important but previous results are conflicting. Our population-based study aimed to investigate factors associated with corneal biomechanics, and their relationships with myopia in children and adults. Data from 3643 children and 1994 parents showed that children had smaller deformation amplitudes (DA) than parents (p < 0.001). A larger DA was significantly associated with elongated axial length (AL; children: ß = 0.011; adults: ß = 0.0013), higher corneal curvature (children: ß = 0.0086; adults: ß = 0.0096), older age (children: ß = 0.010; adults: ß = 0.0013), and lower intraocular pressure (IOP; children: ß = −0.029; adults: ß = −0.031) in both cohorts. The coefficient of age for DA in children was larger than in adults (p < 0.001), indicating that the DA change with age in children is faster than in adults. DA was significantly associated with spherical equivalent (p < 0.001) resulting from its correlation with AL and corneal curvature. In conclusion, the cornea is more deformable in adults than in children, whereas corneal deformation amplitude increases faster with age in children than that in adults, along with AL elongation. Longer AL, steeper corneal curvature, older age and smaller IOP correspond to a more deformable cornea. The association between corneal deformation amplitude and refraction was mediated via AL and corneal curvature.

scholarly journals Corneal Biomechanics Determination in Healthy Myopic Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunliang Qiu ◽  
Xuehui Lu ◽  
Riping Zhang ◽  
Geng Wang ◽  
Mingzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Corneal Biomechanics ◽  
Ocular Response Analyzer ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Corneal Biomechanical Properties

Purpose. To determine the corneal biomechanical properties by using the Ocular Response Analyzer™and to investigate potential factors associated with the corneal biomechanics in healthy myopic subjects.Methods. 135 eyes from 135 healthy myopic subjects were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Cornea hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) were determined with the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with corneal biomechanics.Results. The mean CH and CRF were9.82±1.34 mmHg and9.64±1.57 mmHg, respectively. In univariate regression analysis, CH was significantly correlated with axial length, refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT), and IOPg (r=-0.27, 0.23, 0.45, and 0.21, resp.; all withp≤0.015), but not with corneal curvature or age; CRF was significantly correlated with CCT and IOPg (r=0.52and 0.70, resp.; all withp<0.001), but not with axial length/refraction, corneal curvature, or age. In multivariate regression analysis, axial length, IOPcc, and CCT were found to be independently associated with CH, while CCT and IOPg were associated with CRF.Conclusions. Both CH and CRF were positively correlated with CCT. Lower CH but not CRF was associated with increasing degree of myopia. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties should take CCT and myopic status into consideration.

scholarly journals Effect of COPD on the Hospital Outcomes and Mortality among Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients. Sex Differences in a Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Javier de Miguel-Diez ◽  
Marta Lopez-Herranz ◽  
Rodrigo Jiménez-García ◽  
Valentín Hernández-Barrera ◽  
Isabel Jimenez-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Discharge Database

(1) Background: It is not well known whether there is an association between COPD and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). We aim to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, procedures, and outcomes of HS in patients with and without COPD and to assess sex differences. Secondly, to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM). (2) Methods: Patients aged ≥40 years hospitalized with HS included in the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (2016–2018) were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare patients according to sex and COPD status. (3) Results: We included 55,615 patients (44.29% women). Among men with COPD the HS adjusted incidence was higher (IRR 1.31; 95% CI 1.24–1.57) than among non-COPD men. COPD men had higher adjusted incidence of HS than COPD women (IRR 1.87; 95% CI 1.85–1.89). After matching, COPD men had a higher IHM (29.96% vs. 27.46%; p = 0.032) than non-COPD men. Decompressive craniectomy was more frequently conducted among COPD men than COPD women (6.74% vs. 4.54%; p = 0.014). IHM increased with age and atrial fibrillation, while decompressive craniectomy reduced IHM. (4) Conclusions: COPD men had higher incidence and IHM of HS than men without COPD. COPD men had higher incidence of HS than COPD women. Decompressive craniectomy was more frequently conducted in COPD men than COPD women and this procedure was associated to better survival.

scholarly journals Trends in oral corticosteroids use in severe asthma: a 14-year population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sadatsafavi ◽  
Amir Khakban ◽  
Hamid Tavakoli ◽  
Solmaz Ehteshami-Afshar ◽  
Larry D. Lynd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Background Oral corticosteroids are important components of pharmacotherapy in severe asthma. Our objective was to describe the extent, trends, and factors associated with exposure to oral corticosteroids (OCS) in a severe asthma cohort. Methods We used administrative health databases of British Columbia, Canada (2000–2014) and validated algorithms to retrospectively create a cohort of severe asthma patients. Exposure to OCS within each year of follow-up was measured in two ways: maintenance use as receiving on average ≥ 2.5 mg/day (prednisone-equivalent) OCS, and episodic use as the number of distinct episodes of OCS exposure for up to 14 days. Trends and factors associated with exposure on three time axes (calendar year, age, and time since diagnosis) were evaluated using Poisson regression. Results 21,144 patients (55.4% female; mean entry age 28.7) contributed 40,803 follow-up years, in 8.2% of which OCS was used as maintenance therapy. Maintenance OCS use declined by 3.8%/calendar year (p < 0.001). The average number of episodes of OCS use was 0.89/year, which increased by 1.1%/calendar year (p < 0.001). Trends remained significant for both exposure types in adjusted analyses. Both maintenance and episodic use increased by age and time since diagnosis. Conclusions This population-based study documented a secular downward trend in maintenance OCS use in a period before widespread use of biologics. This might have been responsible for a higher rate of exacerbations that required episodic OCS therapy. Such trends in OCS use might be due to changes in the epidemiology of severe asthma, or changes in patient and provider preferences over time.

scholarly journals Factors associated with lower gait speed among the elderly living in a developing country: a cross-sectional population-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma de Almeida Busch ◽  
Yeda Aparecida Duarte ◽  
Daniella Pires Nunes ◽  
Maria Lucia Lebrão ◽  
Michel Satya Naslavsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Elderly Living

scholarly journals Factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive 60-year-old men and women—a population-based study

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel C Carlsson ◽  
Per E Wändell ◽  
Gunilla Journath ◽  
Ulf de Faire ◽  
Mai-Lis Hellénius
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Old Men

scholarly journals Factors associated with last dental visit or not to visit the dentist by Brazilian adolescents: A population-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0183310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emílio P. da Fonseca ◽  
Antonio C. Frias ◽  
Fábio L. Mialhe ◽  
Antonio C. Pereira ◽  
Marcelo de C. Meneghim
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Falls among the elderly: risk factors in a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Guimarães Rodrigues ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Fraga ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Policies And Programs

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of falls among elderly adults in a population-based study (ISACamp 2008). Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with two-stage cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 1,520 elderly adults living in the urban area of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The occurrence of falls was analyzed based on reports of the main accident occurred in the previous 12 months. Data on socioeconomic/demographic factors and adverse health conditions were tested for possible associations with the outcome. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated and adjusted for gender and age using the Poisson multiple regression analysis. Results: Falls were more frequent, after adjustment for gender and age, among female elderly participants (PR = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.47 - 3.87), elderly adults (80 years old and older) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.61 - 3.88), widowed (PR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.89) and among elderly adults who had rheumatism/arthritis/arthrosis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.48), osteoporosis (PR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.18 - 2.49), asthma/bronchitis/emphysema (PR = 1,73; 95%CI 1.09 - 2.74), headache (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.38), mental common disorder (PR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.12 - 2.64), dizziness (PR = 2.82; 95%CI 1.98 - 4.02), insomnia (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.16 - 2.65), use of multiple medications (five or more) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.12 - 5.56) and use of cane/walker (PR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.19 - 3,93). Conclusion: The present study shows segments of the elderly population who are more prone to falls through the identification of factors associated with this outcome. The findings can contribute to the planning of public health policies and programs addressed to the prevention of falls.

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