scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Particulate Matters Emission Due to Cryptocurrency Miners’ Activity in Iran

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Amirreza Talaiekhozani ◽  
Majid Lotfi Ghahroud ◽  
Shahabaldin Rezania
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Sulfur Oxides ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Environment Agency

Nowadays, electricity consumption has increased worldwide due to the activity of cryptocurrency miners. Much of Iran’s electricity is generated by fossil fuel power plants. So, generating more electricity means producing more air pollutants in Iran. There is not sufficient information about the effects of cryptocurrency mining on Iran’s air pollution. This study aims to estimate the amount of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM) emitted by Iran’s power plants when they generate extra electricity for cryptocurrency miners. In this study, we firstly estimated the amount of fuel used for the electricity needed for cryptocurrency miners. Then, the amounts of emitted NOx, CO, VOCs, SOx, and total PM for generation of such electricity were estimated via the guidelines of the European Environment Agency for emission inventory estimation. The results showed that an on average of 3530, 1547, 103, 11, and 35 tons of NOx, CO, VOCs, SOx, and total PM, respectively, have been emitted into the atmosphere in Iran annually.

scholarly journals Influence of the Thermal State of Vehicle Combustion Engines on the Results of the National Inventory of Pollutant Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9084
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Hubert Sar ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Volatile Organic

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the thermal state of vehicle combustion engines on pollutant emissions. This influence was analyzed based on data from Poland’s inventory of pollutant emissions for the years 1990–2017. The results show that during engine warm-up, carbon monoxide emission constitutes the largest share (up to 50%) in the national annual total emission. Volatile organic compounds are next in the ranking, whereas the share of nitrogen oxides is the lowest (less than 5%). Under the model traffic conditions, close to those in Poland’s cities in winter, simulation tests regarding additional pollutant emissions from passenger cars during engine warm-up were also carried out. As a result of the cold-start emissive behavior of internal combustion engines, emissions of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds showed a considerably greater impact on national pollutant emission, as compared to carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. This is particularly evident for the results of the inventory of pollutant emissions from road transport.

scholarly journals Inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland using the COPERT 5 software

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Jakub LASOCKI ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

This article presents results of the inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland. To determine emission from motor vehicles in Poland COPERT 5 software was used for the first time. In addition, a comparison of the national emission from motor vehi-cles in 2016 and in 2015 was included. Pollutants harmful to health were considered primarily: carbon monoxide, organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Emission of substances contributing to the intensification of the greenhouse effect were also examined: carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrous oxide. It was found that the relative increase in volume of emission of carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds is less than 10%, and nitrogen oxides and particulate matter less than 15%. The relative increase in carbon dioxide emission is approximately 14%, which corresponds to a relative increase in fuel consumption. The relative increase of volume of heavy metal emission is similar. The assessment of the energy emission factor (emission of pollution related to energy equal to used fuel) proves that – amongst pollutants harmful to health – for carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds there is a relative reduction by approximately 5% in 2016, and for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter – increase by approximately (3–4)%.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Almaty City, Kazakhstan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Olga P. Ibragimova ◽  
Anara Omarova ◽  
Bauyrzhan Bukenov ◽  
Aray Zhakupbekova ◽  
Nassiba Baimatova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Before And After

Air pollution is one of the primary sources of risk to human health in the world. In this study, seasonal and spatial variations of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sampling sites in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The seasonal and spatial variations of 19 VOCs were evaluated in 2020, including the periods before and after COVID-19 lockdown. The concentrations of 9 out of 19 VOCs had been changed significantly (p < 0.01) during 2020. The maximum concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) were observed on 15, 17, and 19 January and ranged from 233 to 420 µg m−3. The spatial distribution of TVOCs concentrations in the air during sampling seasons correlated with the elevation and increased from southern to northern part of Almaty, where Combined Heat and Power Plants are located. The sources of air pollution by VOCs were studied by correlations analysis and BTEX ratios. The ranges of toluene to benzene ratio and benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene demonstrated two primary sources of BTEX in 2020: traffic emissions and biomass/biofuel/coal burning. Most of m-, p-xylenes to ethylbenzene ratios in this study were lower than 3 in all sampling periods, evidencing the presence of aged air masses at studied sampling sites from remote sources.

Exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides and lung function in Mexican Preschoolers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 4694
Author(s):  
Albino Barraza-Villarreal ◽  
Maria Consuelo Escamilla-Nuñez ◽  
Leticia Hernandez-Cadena ◽  
Efrain Navarro-Olivos ◽  
José Luis Texcalac Sangrador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic

Ozone, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds in a central zone of Chile

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Toro A. ◽  
Rodrigo J. Seguel ◽  
Raúl G. E. Morales S. ◽  
Manuel A. Leiva G.
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Volatile Organic

MVOC-Konzentrationen in Klassenräumen und mögliche Einflussfaktoren/MVOC concentrations in classrooms and possible influencing factors

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (06) ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
H.-D. Neumann ◽  
M. Buxtrup
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Environment Agency ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
German Federal Environment Agency

Der neue Schimmelpilzleitfaden des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) weist darauf hin, dass die Anwesenheit flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen mikrobiellen Ursprungs (microbial volatile organic compounds, MVOC) in der Raumluft ein Indikator für einen verdeckten Schimmelbefall sein kann. Zudem wurde eine Standardmethode für das Messen von MVOC veröffentlicht. Dies war Anlass, die Aussagekraft von MVOC-Messungen unter dem Aspekt von Schimmelpilzbelastungen in Räumen anhand der Messergebnisse aus der Studie „Gesunde Luft in Schulen“ der Unfallkasse Nordrhein-Westfalen (UK NRW) noch einmal kritisch zu hinterfragen. Im Ergebnis wurden in 370 der 381 untersuchten Klassenräumen MVOC nachgewiesen. Eine Korrelation zu den gemessenen Schimmelpilzkonzentrationen im Sedimentationsstaub konnte allerdings nicht festgestellt werden. Auch war keine Korrelation zu den Raumklimaparametern oder der Ausstattung der Räume erkennbar. Die gemessenen (M)VOC werden wohl eher aus Bauprodukten und Einrichtungen emittiert als durch Schimmelpilze erzeugt. &nbsp; Summary The new mould fungi guidance document issued by the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) states that the presence of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) in indoor air can be an indicator of hidden mould infestation. A standard method for measuring MVOCs has also been published. This prompted a critical review of the validity of MVOC measurements for determining exposure to mould fungi in rooms. The review was based on results of measurements obtained during the „Healthy air in schools“ study conducted by the German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the public sector in North Rhine-Westphalia (UK NRW). MVOCs were detected in 370 of the 381 classrooms examined. However, a correlation to the measured mould fungi concentrations in the deposited dust was not established, nor were correlations observed to the room climate parameters or the furnishings of the rooms. The (M)VOCs measured are more likely to be emitted from building products and furnishings than to be produced by mould.

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