scholarly journals Low-Latency and Minor-Error Architecture for Parallel Computing XY-Like Functions with High-Precision Floating-Point Inputs

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Wenjia Fu ◽  
Jincheng Xia
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
The State ◽  
Floating Point ◽  
Cordic Algorithm ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Large Area

This paper proposes a novel architecture for the computation of XY-like functions based on the QH CORDIC (Quadruple-Step-Ahead Hyperbolic Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) methodology. The proposed architecture converts direct computing of function XY to logarithm, multiplication, and exponent operations. The QH CORDIC methodology is a parallel variant of the traditional CORDIC algorithm. Traditional CORDIC suffers from long latency and large area, while the QH CORDIC has much lower latency. The computation of functions lnx and ex is accomplished with the QH CORDIC. To solve the problem of the limited range of convergence of the QH CORDIC, this paper employs two specific techniques to enlarge the range of convergence for functions lnx and ex, making it possible to deal with high-precision floating-point inputs. Hardware modeling of function XY using the QH CORDIC is plotted in this paper. Under the TSMC 65 nm standard cell library, this paper designs and synthesizes a reference circuit. The ASIC implementation results show that the proposed architecture has 30 more orders of magnitude of maximum relative error and average relative error than the state-of-the-art. On top of that, the proposed architecture is also superior to the state-of-the-art in terms of latency, word length and energy efficiency (power × latency × period /efficient bits).

scholarly journals Accurate Binary Mass Determinations: Goals, Limitations, and Prospects

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Binary Stars ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Accurate Mass ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Auxiliary Data ◽  
Typical System ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Precision Astrometry

The state of the art in accurate mass determination for binary stars is reviewed, and the angular sizes and their errors are computed for a typical system from the existing high-precision sample. It appears that sub-μas (microarcsecond) absolute astrometry will be needed in order to improve the accuracy substantially by astrometry alone. The types of system, and the kinds of data, where precision astrometry appears most promising are outlined. Finally, astrophysical applications of such accurate stellar masses, and the auxiliary data required in them, are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals Optical Sensors for Multi-Axis Angle and Displacement Measurement Using Grating Reflectors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimizu ◽  
Matsukuma ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Single Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
Dimensional Metrology ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Displacement Sensors

In dimensional metrology it is necessary to carry out multi-axis angle and displacement measurement for high-precision positioning. Although the state-of-the-art linear displacement sensors have sub-nanometric measurement resolution, it is not easy to suppress the increase of measurement uncertainty when being applied for multi-axis angle and displacement measurement due to the Abbe errors and the influences of sensor misalignment. In this review article, the state-of-the-art multi-axis optical sensors, such as the three-axis autocollimator, the three-axis planar encoder, and the six-degree-of-freedom planar encoder based on a planar scale grating are introduced. With the employment of grating reflectors, measurement of multi-axis translational and angular displacement can be carried out while employing a single laser beam. Fabrication methods of a large-area planar scale grating based on a single-point diamond cutting with the fast tool servo technique and the interference lithography are also presented, followed by the description of the evaluation method of the large-area planar scale grating based on the Fizeau interferometer.

scholarly journals Development of a Smartphone-Based Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Assay Strip Reader

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4521
Author(s):  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Huihuang Wu ◽  
Haiyan Jiang ◽  
Jiejie Yang ◽  
Yueming Gao
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Image Sensors ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Cmos Image Sensors ◽  
Linear Detection ◽  
Optical Module

Fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (FICA) is a rapid immunoassay technique that has the characteristics of high precision and sensitivity. Although image FICA strip readers have the advantages of high portability and easy operation, the use of high-precision complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors leads to an increase in overall cost. Considering the popularity of CMOS image sensors in smartphones and their powerful processing functions, this work developed a smartphone-based FICA strip reader. An optical module suitable for the test strips with different fluorescent markers was designed by replacing the excitation light source and the light filter. An android smartphone was used for image acquisition and image denoising. Then, the test and control lines of the test strip image were recognized by the sliding window algorithm. Finally, the characteristic value of the strip image was calculated. A linear detection range from 10 to 5000 mIU/mL (R2 = 0.95) was obtained for human chorionic gonadotrophin with the maximum relative error less than 9.41%, and a linear detection range from 5 to 4000 pg/mL (R2 = 0.99) was obtained for aflatoxin B1, with the maximum relative error less than 12.71%. Therefore, the smartphone-based FICA strip reader had high portability, versatility, and accuracy.

scholarly journals Low-Latency Hardware Implementation of High-Precision Hyperbolic Functions sinhx and coshx Based on Improved CORDIC Algorithm

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Wenjia Fu ◽  
Jincheng Xia ◽  
Xu Lin ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Mingjiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Cordic Algorithm ◽  
Hyperbolic Functions ◽  
Area Efficiency ◽  
Cell Library

CORDIC algorithm is used for low-cost hardware implementation to calculate transcendental functions. This paper proposes a low-latency high-precision architecture for the computation of hyperbolic functions sinhx and coshx based on an improved CORDIC algorithm, that is, the QH-CORDIC. The principle, structure, and range of convergence of the QH-CORDIC are discussed, and the hardware circuit architecture of functions sinhx and coshx using the QH-CORDIC is plotted in this paper. The proposed architecture is implemented using an FPGA device, showing that it has 75% and 50% latency overhead over the two latest prior works. In the synthesis using TSMC 65 nm standard cell library, ASIC implementation results show that the proposed architecture is also superior to the two latest prior works in terms of total time (latency × period), ATP (area × total time), total energy (power × total time), energy efficiency (total energy/efficient bits), and area efficiency (efficient bits/area/total time). Comparison of related works indicates that it is much more favorable for the proposed architecture to perform high-precision floating-point computations on functions sinhx and coshx than the LUT method, stochastic computing, and other CORDIC algorithms.

Industrial-Scale Production of High-Quality Graphene Sheets by Millstone Grinders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lv ◽  
Xiaoshi Li ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Biao Nie ◽  
Yiliang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
Mechanical Cleavage

Abstract Graphene exhibits a variety of unprecedented innate properties and has sparked great interest in both fundamental science and regarding prospective commercial applications. To meet the ever-increasing demand for high-quality graphene sheets, an industrial-scale, reliable, environmental-friendly, low-cost production process is required. However, large-scale production high quality graphene remains elusive. Here we demonstrate a scalable mechanical cleavage method for large-quantity production of high quality large-area and few-layer graphene sheets by introducing a millstone grinding process. The average thickness of the graphene sheets is around 5 nm. This procedure is simpler than the state-of-the-art methods that allows for scalable preparation of graphene dispersion in hundreds of litres by mechanical cleavage of graphite, and the yield is 30-40%. The size of the prepared graphene sheets can be tuneable from few micrometres to tens of micrometres by varying the dimension of raw graphite, which is larger than that produced by the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, comparing to conductive agents, the conductivity of wafers containing graphene can be increased by one order of magnitude, suggesting a high potential of the prepared graphene sheets for the application as conductive agent in lithium battery cathodes. This allows the requirements of different sizes graphene sheets for industry applications in different fields.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

Hypothesis-Evidence Coordination: The State of the Art

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Amsel
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State
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