scholarly journals Perovskite CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Prepared Using Discarded Lead–Acid Battery Recycled Waste

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lung-Chien Chen ◽  
Ching-Ho Tien ◽  
Sin-Liang Ou ◽  
Kun-Yi Lee ◽  
Jianjun Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Cspbbr3 Quantum Dots ◽  
Very High ◽  
Lead Acid

Perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) recovery was performed using lead scrap from lead storage batteries. The perovskite CsPbBr3-QD characteristics were analyzed using different PbO/recycled PbO2 ratios. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the film surface morphology and cross-section. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to observe the perovskite CsPbBr3-QDs’ structural characteristics. A photoluminescence (PL) measurement system was used to analyze the optical properties. The results show that lead scrap from lead–acid batteries as a material for perovskite CsPbBr3-QD production can be successfully synthesized. This saves material and also proves that recycling is valuable. The proposed approach is helpful for future material shortages and materials not easily accessible. Although the efficiency is not very high, this process will be purified using recycled lead in the future to achieve higher quantum yield.

A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 722-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Microstructural Characterization of Pt/Ti and RuO2 Electrodes on SiO2/Si Annealed in the Oxygen Ambient

1996 ◽  
Vol 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Soo Lee ◽  
Hyun JA Kwon ◽  
Young Woo Jeong ◽  
Hyun HA Kim ◽  
Kyu HO Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Silicide Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation ◽  
Thin Interlayer ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractMicrostructures and interdiffusions of Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si and RuO2/SiO2/Si during annealing in O2 were investigated using x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The degree of oxidation and the interdiffusion of elements have remarkably increased with increasing temperature above 500 °C for the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si case. The generation of Pt hillocks commenced at 500 °C. The Pt-silicide phase was also observed near the TiOx/SiO2 interface. The microstructural variations occurred to only a small amount for the RuO2/SiO2/Si case over the temperature range 300 – 700 °C. While there was no hillock formation, the RuO2 film surface was roughened by the thermal grooving phenomenon. A thin interlayer phase was found at the RuO2/SiO2 interface.

Superconductivity of Dc Reactive Magnetron Sputtered Epitaxial TiN/NbN Superlattices

1992 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shinn ◽  
B. -S. Hong ◽  
S. A. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTEpitaxial B1-structure TiN/NbN superlattices have been grown by reactive magnetron sputtering On MgO(001). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction spectra exhibited up to nine orders of superlattice reflections, indicating that the superlattice interfaces were relatively sharp. TEM images also showed well-defined layers. The superlattice wavelength (∧) dependence of the superconducting transition temperature (Tc), critical Current density (Jc), and electrical resistivity (ρ) have been investigated. Tc values increased from 12 K to 17 K with increasing ∧. Jc in a magnetic field perpendicular to the film surface ranged from 104 to 106 A/cm2, increasing with increasing wavelength and decreasing with increasing applied magnetic field. Jc in a field parallel to the film surface was > 10 times higher, ≈ 107 A/cm2. The resistivity exhibited different ∧ dependencies in three different A ranges.

Structure of Milled Galena (PbS) Particles as a Result of Grinding: Observations by Electron Microscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1601-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinetto ◽  
J. Castaing ◽  
P. Walter ◽  
P. Penhoud ◽  
P. Veyssière
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Preparation Mode ◽  
Burial Objects ◽  
Very High

We have examined galena powders with the aim of providing information about the preparation mode of such powders from ancient Egyptian burial objects. Two extreme conditions of milling have been used to prepare galena powders in the laboratory, and the resulting products have been examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructure of hand-crushed coarse particles consists mainly of dislocation tangles. Annealing at 300 °C promotes a substantial recovery of the dislocation structure with the formation of subboundaries. Energetic ball milling produces a large variety of particle sizes, from 10 nm to several micrometers, with grains containing very high dislocation densities. Although PbS is a soft plastic compound, its fragmentation occurs down to very small sizes along various fracture regimes like in many brittle materials. Comparisons are made between TEM observations and the data obtained from x-ray diffraction peak profile analysis.

Study of structural characteristics of the FePt nanosystem by TEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Yury A. Zaharov ◽  
◽  
Nikita S. Zaharov ◽  
Anna N. Popova ◽  
Dmitry M. Russakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Fept Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tem Method

In this work, using the example of a bimetallic nanoscale system FePt, a new approach to the assessment of the structural parameters of nanoscale mono- and polymetallic systems by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is proposed. The data obtained by the TEM method are compared with the data obtained by the method of X-ray structural analysis. Some crystallographic parameters, such as the interplanar distances, average sizes, and phase compositions of the studied nanoparticles of the FePt system are calculated. The most widespread method for obtaining information about the crystal structure of nanosized particles is the method based on the phenomenon of X-ray diffraction. It allows one to determine the phase composition and perform structural analysis of a substance, as well as to estimate the size of the resulting particles. In this method, crystallographic information arises due to X-ray diffraction from the entire surface of the powder. Thus, the researcher sees an integral diffraction pattern. In this case, the study of individual nanoparticles by X-ray structural analysis is extremely difficult. However, the number of methods for assessing structural parameters is not limited to X-ray diffraction methods. In this work, an approach is made to study the structural characteristics of FePt nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), since high-resolution microimages obtained by the TEM method provide a unique opportunity to distinguish individual atoms of the crystal lattice of the objects under study.

Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe2O3/rGO Composites for Low-Cost Supercapacitors

NANO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050162
Author(s):  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Bo Bai ◽  
Qiang Wen ◽  
Pengwei Li ◽  
Huabei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Discharge Current Density ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Route

In this work, Fe2O3/rGO composites with high capacitive performance were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. The morphological and structural characteristics of the synthesized material were obtained by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The three-electrode system was employed for investigating the electrochemical performance in 6 M aqueous electrolytic solution of KOH. The electrochemical data reveals that the Fe2O3/20%rGO shows as high as 171 F g[Formula: see text] specific capacitance at 1 A g[Formula: see text] discharge current density within the operated voltage window −0.9[Formula: see text]V–0[Formula: see text]V, which is 55% higher than that of the bare Fe2O3. After 1000 cycles, the capacity reservation was retained at 74%. The results indicate that the synthesized Fe2O3/rGO material could be a potential candidate for applications in an environmentally friendly commercial electrode.

Textured YBCO Films Derived from Low-Fluorine-Content Solution

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 2003-2006
Author(s):  
Yuan Qing Chen ◽  
Gao Yang Zhao ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Di Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Furnace Atmosphere ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ybco Films ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Barium Copper

with yttrium, barium, copper acetates as starting materials, a low-fluorine-content solution was prepared. YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films on LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystal substrates were fabricated by a new TFA-MOD method. Solution-derived YBCO films exhibited epitaxial growth, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The humidity of the furnace atmosphere during annealing process influences the texture of YBCO film. Under high-humidity of furnace atmosphere, a-oriented grains, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were generated on film surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), however, indicated that although a-axis oriented grains formed on the film surface, c-axis oriented grains occupied the area near the YBCO/LAO interface. High-performance YBCO films with Tc above 90K, and Jc more than 106A/cm2 at 77 K and zero magnetic field were obtained.

Structure and Composition of Luminescent Laterally Anodized Porous Si

1991 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Jung ◽  
S. Shih ◽  
T. Y. Hsieh ◽  
J. C. Campbell ◽  
D. L. Kwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Porous Si ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTWe have made structural and compositional studies of luminescent laterally anodized porous Si. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a surface with a network of cracks, while transmission electron microscopy shows a dual porous Si structure in which the upper layer is amorphous and the lower layer is either amorphous or crystalline, depending on anodization conditions. X-ray diffraction verified the presence of the amorphous layer. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy reveals very high concentrations of H, B, C, N, O, and F in the amorphous layer. Our results indirectly suggest that the amorphous layer is primarily responsible for luminescence.

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Properties of Cu2Se Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method and Densified by SPS Technique

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3650
Author(s):  
Paweł Nieroda ◽  
Anna Kusior ◽  
Juliusz Leszczyński ◽  
Paweł Rutkowski ◽  
Andrzej Koleżyński
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thermoelectric Transport Properties ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Very High

The aim of the work was to obtain copper (I) selenide Cu2Se material with excellent thermoelectric properties, synthesized using the hydrothermal method and densified by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. Chemical and phase composition studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Measurements of thermoelectric transport properties, i.e., electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity in the temperature range from 300 to 965 K were carried out. Based on these results, the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT as a function of temperature was determined. The obtained, very high ZT parameter (ZT~1.75, T = 965 K) is one of the highest obtained so far for undoped Cu2Se.

Fe3O4/ Rectorite Composite: Preparation, Characterization and Absorption Properties from Contaminant Contained in Aqueous Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua Luo ◽  
Qi Ming Feng ◽  
Wei Qing Wang ◽  
Bo Lian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnetic Recovery ◽  
Very High

A series of Fe3O4/rectorite composite were prepared with chemical coprecipitation method by adding magnetic Fe3O4 particles into rectorite as different weight ratios. The samples were tested and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively; and the adsorption property of heavy metal ions and organic dye contained in aqueous solution on the samples and magnetic recovery rate of the composite were studied. The results show that the main magnetic phase of Fe3O4 presents spinel structure, the Fe3O4/rectorite composite has well superparamagnetic, magnetism increases with the weight of Fe3O4 particles increasing, the composite has high magnetic recovery rate, and the adsorption isotherms of metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solution on the samples indicate the absorption capacity of the Fe3O4/rectorite composite is lower slightly than nature rectorite, but it is still very high.

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