scholarly journals Does Reduction of Material and Energy Consumption Affect to Innovation Efficiency? The Case of Manufacturing Industry in South Korea

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Shin ◽  
Changhee Kim ◽  
Hongsuk Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Show Difference ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

“Reduction of material and energy consumption” (RMEC) exists as a major objective of innovation and it is proved to affect positively to innovation performance from previous literature. Though innovation should be measured in efficiency rather than performance itself, however, the relationship between material and energy reduction on innovation efficiency is still unanswered. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of RMEC on innovation efficiency considering both innovation inputs and outputs. We utilized data of 388 manufacturing enterprises in Korea, and performed data envelopment analysis (DEA) and tobit regression analysis. According to the result, firms show difference by industry type in terms of innovation efficiency and RMEC. Moreover, the effect of RMEC on innovation efficiency turned out to be negative. The result indicates a possibility that input used for innovation might overweigh the output yielded when firms pursue innovation for the RMEC.

scholarly journals Role of Servitization, Digitalization, and Innovation Performance in Manufacturing Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9878
Author(s):  
Lei Shen ◽  
Cong Sun ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The structure of the manufacturing industry has forced manufacturing companies to understand the importance of digitalization and servitization transformation, in terms of production and R&D. In this study, we examine the relationship between servitization, digitization, and enterprise innovation performance through the lens of dynamic capabilities within enterprises. We also discuss the impact of the transformation servitization strategy on business innovation, and the mechanisms by which it impacts business innovation performance. The study’s findings indicate that servitization significantly contributes to innovation performance, and digitalization acts as a mediating mechanism between the proposed relationships. Thus, this article argues for the integration and growth of servitization and digitization.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DEA METHOD FOR ASSESSING PRODUCTIVITY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa CHODAKOWSKA ◽  
Joanicjusz NAZARKO
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

The article presents the concept of environmental efficiency analysis based on the method of Data Envelopment Analysis in the case of the existence of desirable and undesirable results. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by a case study of European countries and evaluation of productivity taking into account not only economic growth but also effects which are undesirable and impossible to eliminate entirely, such as the impact on the environment. The differences in the results are explained by the relationship between policies aiming at supporting research and development with the use of the Tobit regression model. The added value of this work is to propose an integration of environmental DEA method with the concept of technological competitors. The possibility of applying the concept of DEA to technological competition was presented in the form of classification and benchmarking of the European countries. It is concluded that European countries are highly diversified in regard to the efficiency of environmental performance.

scholarly journals Appraising healthcare systems’ efficiency in facing COVID-19 through data envelopment analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Nahia Mourad ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Habib ◽  
Assem Tharwat
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Tobit Analysis ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

The healthcare system is a vital element for any community, as it extremely affects the socio-economic development of any country. The current study aims to assess the performance of the healthcare systems of the countries above fifty million citizens in facing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic since late December 2019. For this purpose, seven scenarios were adopted via the DEA methodology with six variables, which are the number of medical practitioners (doctors and nurses), hospital beds, Conducted Covid-19 tests, affected cases, recovered cases, and death cases. To shed light on the relative efficiency of drivers, the Tobit analysis was used. Besides, the study carried out various statistical tests for the DEA models' findings to validate the choice of the variables and the obtained scores. The DEA results reveal that less than half of the considered countries are relatively efficient. Moreover, the Tobit regression analysis showed that the main impact on the efficiency scores was due to the number of affected and recovered cases. Finally, the results of the tests of Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H indicate the internal validity and robustness of the chosen DEA models. The current study findings raise important implications, which can be helpful for decision makers regarding continuous improvement of performance, in which the findings assert the importance of achieving the best practices regarding relative efficiency through the linkage between the healthcare systems’ resources, and the needed outputs.

scholarly journals DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF RUBBER SMALLHOLDERS: BCC AND CCR MODELS AND BOOTSTRAPPING TECHNIQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-368
Author(s):  
A. ALIYU ◽  
K. BELLO
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The present study examined the economic efficiency of rubber smallholders in Peninsular Malaysia in a disaggregated form using Banker Charnes and Cooper (BCC) and Charnes Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as well as their respective bootstrap techniques. Multistage data collection was employed on 327 smallholders among 5 districts of Negeri Sembilan state. However, only 307 observations were used in computing inferential statistics, because the young-age category has been removed. The districts include Seremban, Tampin, Rembau, Kuala Pilah and Jempol. The results revealed that, the mean technical efficiency (TE) under variable returns to scale (VRS) and constant returns to scale (CRS) were 0.95, 0.97 0.96 and 0.45, 0.61, 0.33 for the all-age, matured-age and old-age crops respectively. The findings of the result also disclosed that naïve DEA has higher mean scores than bootstrapped-DEA, thus indicating the presence of bias in the former and absence of bias in the later. Also, the efficiency determinants under VRS and CRS as well as their respective bias-corrected (BC) efficiency scores were also analyzed using Tobit regression analysis against the 15 socio-demographic factors. It was found out that critical factors, common to all the age-categories, include educational level, tapping system and marital status under VRS and BC-VRS assumptions, while under CRS and BC-CRS assumptions include race, tapping system, marital status and farm’s distance. Therefore, education of smallholders should be given more attention to increase efficiency.  The study finally recommends that the traditional concept of computing efficiency or productivity of rubber and other perennial crops in an aggregated form should be complemented with the disaggregated form as this eliminates any bias and gives meaningful results. Improved methods such as bootstrapping should also be used as this only gives what is called bias-corrected efficiency scores. Regarding the determinants, factors such as education, tapping system and farm distance should be given more emphasis.

scholarly journals Research on the impact of innovation input on enterprise performance in manufacturing enterprises--- Moderating effect based on governance structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 02054
Author(s):  
QianYu Zhao ◽  
Gang Fu ◽  
WanTing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Manufacturing industry is the lifeblood of national economy, and innovation input is the lifeline of manufacturing enterprises. This paper selects the financial data of China’s listed manufacturing companies from 2015 to 2019 to study the moderating effect of governance structure on the relationship between innovation input and firm performance. It is found that innovation investment has a negative influence on firm performance with lag. In terms of ownership structure, ownership concentration has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between innovation input and firm performance. The degree of equity balance has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between innovation input and firm performance. According to the conclusion of this study, it is expected to optimize the governance structure of China’s manufacturing enterprises and promote industrial development.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency in Public Hospitals in Kenya: A Two –Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Francis Kimani Mwihia ◽  
James Machoki M’ Imunya ◽  
Germano Mwabu ◽  
Urbanus M. Kioko ◽  
Benson B. A. Estambale
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Hospital Variation ◽  
Dea Analysis ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

The paper uses the DEA technique to estimate efficiency scores in Kenyan public hospitals and then applies the Tobit regression to study inter-hospital variation in the scores. The DEA analysis reveals that small hospitals are more efficient than large hospitals, with efficiency levels ranging from 74-91% in small DMUs and from 57-78% in large DMUs. Tobit regression analysis shows efficiency scores are negatively correlated with the hospital’s distance from the manager’s residence and from the capital city. Internal and external supervisions are suggested as mechanisms for increasing performance of hospitals.

scholarly journals KPIs Reporting and Financial Performance in the Transition to Mandatory Disclosure: The Case of Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Loprevite ◽  
Domenico Raucci ◽  
Daniela Rupo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

European companies of public interest requested to comply with the Directive 2014/95/EU on Non-Financial Information (NFI) are allowed to fulfil the regulatory obligation following the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines, which constitute at present the most widely spread framework for sustainability reporting. Given such prevalence, this paper examines the level of disclosure on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and its relationship with financial performance over the period 2016–2018 for Italian-listed companies adopting GRI guidelines to convey NFI under the Decree 254/2016. The research applies content analysis of the annual and sustainability reports to measure the disclosure index on KPIs, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the financial performance. A Tobit-regression model explores the nexus between financial performance and companies’ disclosure. Findings show a decrease in the disclosure levels in the early adoption of mandatory NFI and a significant association with the financial performance of the sampled companies. The study, assuming a comprehensive view of the financial indicators, improves our knowledge of the relationship between sustainability disclosure and financial performance and adds to the literature on the evolution of NFI in the transition from voluntary to mandatory regime.

scholarly journals Impacts of Environmental Regulation on the Green Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Shen ◽  
Runjie Fan ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Zhaoqing Yu ◽  
Rongyun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Since environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent, macro policies and social development have placed higher requirements on manufacturing enterprises to promote green transformation and upgrading (GTU) in China. Considering that different manufacturing enterprises choose different green technology innovation levels for GTU under environmental regulation, a game model between manufacturing enterprises and the government is constructed. The relationship between the green technology innovation level (GTIL) and the environmental regulation intensity is analyzed. Through numerical examples, the influences of environmental regulation and consumer preference on system decisions are further examined. Moreover, an econometric model is constructed to explore the influence that the environmental regulation exerts on the GTIL using panel data from the Chinese manufacturing industry. Our results show that the increase in environmental regulation intensity contributes to improving GTIL and promoting the GTU of manufacturing enterprises. Furthermore, as the environmental regulation is enhanced, the sales price decreases, benefiting consumers. Consumers’ preference for high-GTIL products is conducive to GTU under environmental regulation. Empirical analysis shows that there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and the GTIL. Only when the intensity reaches a threshold can the environmental regulation be beneficial to improve the GTIL and promote the GTU of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.

scholarly journals Determinants of Cost Efficiency of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Allah Bakhsh Khan ◽  
Salman Abbasi ◽  
Zeeshan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

This study investigates the Efficiency Performance of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan in terms of Cost, Allocative and Technical efficiencies for the period of 2010-2015. Six years panel data of Takaful and listed Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan is taken under consideration. The Methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in order to estimate efficiencies scores. Furthermore, Tobit Regression Analysis is carried out for determination of the real contributors of efficiencies in Insurance and takaful Industry of Pakistan. In Data Envelopment Analysis, Labor, Total Fixed Assets and Total Equity Capital are used as input variables. Simultaneously, the price variables are used along with input variables such as Price of Labor, Price of Total Fixed Assets and Price of Total Equity Capital. The output variables include Invested Assets, Investment Incomes and Net Premiums. In second Stage Analysis (i.e. Tobit regression), DEA efficiency scores are used as dependent variable, whereas Age, Size, and Leverage are used as independent variables along with the dummy for conventional and Takaful firms of Pakistan. This study found that Takaful and insurance firms have been operating on almost equal efficiency levels. Furthermore LEVERAGE is the main contributor for efficiency optimization, followed by the firm SIZE, whereas, firm’s AGE has no contribution in efficiency scores.

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