scholarly journals Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145
Author(s):  
Rokas Tamašauskas ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Patrikas Bruzgevičius ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Energy Factors

In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Primary Energy Factor Values of Wind Turbines

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Tamašauskas ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Patrikas Bruzgevičius ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Eu Member States

In order to fulfil the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, much attention has been paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is one type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article was to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of 100 investigated wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. Investigation results showed that the difference of the non-renewable primary energy factor between wind turbines due to capacity is 35%. This paper provides a recommendation with regard to EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations: All EU member states should use the same or very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factor of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Methodology for Calculating the Potential Maritime Wind Park Area by Taking into Account the Needs of Shipping Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Rijkure Astrida
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Wind Park

Renewable energy sources (wind energy, solar energy, hydroelectricity, ocean energy, geothermal energy, biomass and biofuels) are alternatives to fossil fuel that help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, diversify energy supplies and reduce dependency on markets of unsustainable and volatile fossil fuels, particularly oil and gas. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources and is considered to be self-renewable as it is the result of the Sun’s activity. Using wind energy is a rapidly developing industry today, and more and more wind turbines are installed worldwide every year, land-based wind turbines being more widespread than offshore ones. In Latvia, spread of land-based wind parks is hampered by unsettled land ownership rights, while the deployment of wind parks in the sea is a new field for all Baltic States. The neighbouring countries Estonia and Lithuania have developed their own projects for offshore wind parks, therefore the topicality of the development of wind farms in the territorial waters of Latvia has also increased. Experts have proposed best options and their locations. When assessing possibilities for development of wind parks and their capacity, the following economic factors were evaluated: construction and connection costs, potential operational costs and energy prices. The aim of this study is to develop the methodology for calculating the area of a potential wind park by considering the safety distance to shipping routes and height of the wind turbines, as well as for calculating the potential capacity of a wind park.

Power System for Beautiful China

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Polevanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Leading Position

The growth in primary energy consumption in 2019 by 1.3% was provided by renewable energy sources and natural gas, which together provided 75% of the increase. China in the period 2010–2020 held a leading position in the growth of demand for energy resources, but according to forecasts, India will join it in the current decade.

scholarly journals Features of operation of wind power stations as an supplementary source of electricity for non-traction consumers of railway electric mains

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Kachan Yu ◽  
Kuznetsov V
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Supply Systems

Purpose. Identify the features of operation of wind farms as an auxiliary supplier of electricity for non-traction consumers of railway networks and analyze the main factors that directly affect the use of wind farms due to the random nature of wind flow and additional factors due to the above conditions in different climates. The research methodology is based on modern methods of computational mathematics, statistics and information analysis using modern computer technology. Findings. The need to use renewable energy sources in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers of railway transport is obvious. Given the constant growth of prices and tariffs for electricity in Ukraine, more and more attention is paid to its savings and the search for the cheapest and most affordable alternative sources. The authors consider issues related to the possibility of using additional generation of electricity in the power supply systems of railway transport through the use of wind turbines, including for non-traction consumers. The analysis of wind flow features in some regions of Ukraine was carried out, and the measurement of wind speed in Zaporizhia and Dnipropetrovsk regions was obtained with the help of a compact wind speed sensor manufactured by Micro-Step-MIS LLC (Russia). The obtained values of wind speed were recorded and stored digitally. The received information of the above device was processed. The authors conclude that in the case of using wind turbines as an additional power source in the networks of non-traction consumers of railway power supply systems it is economically advantageous to connect them directly to these networks and fully use all electricity produced by them, reducing its consumption from this power supply system. The originality is that the use of renewable energy sources in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers of railway transport, in particular wind turbines, is proposed. Practical implications. Introduction of wind power plants as an auxiliary supplier of electricity for non-traction consumers of railway power grids in order to minimize electricity costs. Keywords: renewable energy sources, quality of electric energy, wind power plant, power supply networks of railway transport, non-traction consumers of railway electric networks, electricity production, wind speed.

scholarly journals ‘Knowledge is power’ – making sense of wind farm data

2014 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Frank O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Making Sense

The Irish wind energy sector is booming. In 2012, Irish wind farms supplied enough energy to provide about 15% of Ireland’s electricity demand and power 1.12 million households. In March 2014, The Irish Wind Energy Association (IWEA), an organisation committed to the promotion of wind energy in Ireland, highlighted a planned €7 billion investment in the sector, with a confirmed project pipeline of over 180 new wind schemes. According to a recent TCD/ESRI report, this will bring the total number of jobs in the sector from 3,400 at present to over 8,400 and see a doubling of production of clean, indigenous, renewable energy. The modern wind turbines, which will be rolled out as part of these new schemes are a far cry from the turbines installed over four decades ago at the first commercial wind farm, constructed in 1980 on Crotched Mountain, New Hampshire, USA. A modern turbine such as ...

Numerical Investigation to Assess an Optimal Blade Profile for the Drag Based Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanta Roy ◽  
Ujjwal K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Rapid depletion rate of fossil fuels with an increasing energy demand and their high emission are imposing the evolution activities in the arena of renewable energy. To meet the future demands of renewable energy sources, wind energy is a very promising concept. In this feature, the drag based vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are suitable for small scale wind energy generation for decentralized locations. However, these turbines have low power and torque coefficients as compared to other wind turbines. Numerous blade shapes have been proposed till now to improve the performance of these turbines. In the present paper, a computational study has been performed to simulate the air-flow over different blade profiles using shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. The results obtained are validated with the available experimental data. In the dynamic simulations, the power and torque coefficients are calculated considering the blade arc angle as the variable shape parameter. The effects of drag and lift forces on the variable blade shapes are also studied in static simulations at various angular positions. The present paper tries to demonstrate an effective computational methodology to predict the flow behavior around a drag based VAWT. Through this study, it has been found possible to select an optimal blade shape from the point of its aerodynamic performance.

scholarly journals Covering of heating load of object by using ground heat as a renewable energy source

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Cenejac ◽  
Radivoje Bjelakovic ◽  
Aleksandar Andjelkovic ◽  
Damir Djakovic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
Total Primary Energy Consumption

Rational use of energy, improving energy performance of buildings and use of renewable energy sources are the most important measures for reducing consumption of non-renewable primary energy (solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels), environmental protection and for the future sustainable development of mankind. In the total primary energy consumption great part is related to building industry, for heating spaces in which people stay and live. Renewable energy sources (RES) present natural resources and they are one of the alternatives that allow obtaining heat for heating buildings, and by that they provide a significant contribution to the energy balance of a country. This paper analyzes the participation of ground source as RES, when the vertical (the probe in the ground) and horizontal (registry in the ground) heat exchangers are used for covering heating load of the building.

Highway Mounted Horizontal Axial Flow Turbines for Wind Energy Harvesting From Cruising Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreyas S. Hegde ◽  
Anand Thamban ◽  
Shah Palash Manish Bhai ◽  
Arham Ahmed ◽  
Meet Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Calculations ◽  
Suitable Material

Renewable energy technologies are a growing subject of concern these days. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which has been implemented in a large scale for energy production. A large amount of capital has been invested in this field to harness energy and power homes. Wind energy from highways is usually unused and can provide a considerable amount of wind energy to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic and the speed of the vehicles. Extensive research on wind patterns is required to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. The objective of this work is to design and analyze a horizontal axis wind turbine to capture wind energy from moving vehicles on the highway. A computational fluid dynamics approach is used to solve this problem. The major innovation in this paper is that wind energy is being harvested in a very unique manner and also turbine power calculations have been done to quantify the amount of energy being harvested. Although a few of the literatures have discussed similar ideas power quantification has never been done. Also the entire mechanism has been simulated in MATLAB to find out the number of cars required to charge a battery which is very unique to this paper. Power calculations have been done for the turbine and validated against theoretical calculations which were done using the concept of velocity triangles. The idea is to have a separate mounting for cars and heavy vehicles which can be realized by having separate lanes on highways. The analysis will be done for vehicles moving in a range of speeds on the highway. The wind turbines will be placed on overhead shafts (the height of which is be determined suitably) thereby capturing the wind generated as a result of pressure difference. The mounts can also be used as signboards for vehicles moving on the highway and hence serve a dual purpose. In addition, extensive structural and fatigue analysis will be done for the turbines and the mounting structures in order to determine a suitable material for the turbine as well as the mounts to withstand the forces generated. Using all of the collected energy, existing amenities such as street lights on the medians can be powered by these wind turbines. Thus the main objective of this work is to complement the conventional electrical energy used for powering amenities along highways by a renewable source of energy (wind power) thereby leading to the concept of sustainable highways.

scholarly journals The Potential of Wind Energy and Design Implications on Wind Farms in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-856
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tayyab Naqash ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Aburamadan ◽  
Ouahid Harireche ◽  
Abdulrahman AlKassem ◽  
Qazi Umar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
Wind Currents

Climate change and natural resource depletion are likely to affect the future economic development of a country. The generation of power from oil and gas is among the major causes of reserves depletion and global warming. However, renewable energy is also deemed a clean and green choice for power generation to promote sustainability in engineering. The coastal lines of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are widely extended, and wind energy appears to be a viable alternative to traditional sources, which needs to be investigated as it is highly desirable to seek energy from renewable energy sources, for instance, wind. This paper is aimed at addressing the wind energy potential along the Red Sea coast of KSA. Afterward, a suitable wind turbine based upon careful structural analysis has been proposed, which would form a basis, especially during the machine selection and design phases. For this purpose, seven different sites located along the coastal line, namely: Al Wajh, Umluj, Yanbu, Rabigh, Jeddah, Haddad, and Gizan, were initially selected to assess the wind energy availability. After that, a suitable turbine is recommended for yielding maximum output. It has been found from the reconnaissance that Al Wajh has sufficient land availability that receives high perennial wind speed, alongside shallow offshore water depth for monopile installation. Hence, this site is recommended for the development of a wind farm. Furthermore, turbines need to be installed at the height of almost 100 m to produce maximum energy to appropriately utilize the available indigenous wind energy. It is pertinent to mention that the superstructure of the turbines is designed based on the local loading conditions (wind, currents, waves, etc.) of the Al Wajh region. Also, the monopile substructures are proposed in the selected area in accordance with the available bathymetry.

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