scholarly journals A Common Risk Classification Concept for Safety Related Gas Leaks and Fugitive Emissions?

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Log ◽  
Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Leak Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Gas Leaks ◽  
Categorization Model

Gas leaks in the oil and gas industry represent a safety risk as they, if ignited, may result in severe fires and/or explosions. Unignited, they have environmental impacts. This is particularly the case for methane leaks due to a significant Global Warming Potential (GWP). Since gas leak rates may span several orders of magnitude, that is, from leaks associated with potential major accidents to fugitive emissions on the order of 10−6 kg/s, it has been difficult to organize the leaks in an all-inclusive leak categorization model. The motivation for the present study was to develop a simple logarithmic table based on an existing consequence matrix for safety related incidents extended to include non-safety related fugitive emissions. An evaluation sheet was also developed as a guide for immediate risk evaluations when new leaks are identified. The leak rate table and evaluation guide were tested in the field at five land-based oil and gas facilities during Optical Gas Inspection (OGI) campaigns. It is demonstrated how the suggested concept can be used for presenting and analysing detected leaks to assist in Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) programs. The novel categorization table was proven valuable in prioritizing repair of “super-emitter” components rather than the numerous minor fugitive emissions detected by OGI cameras, which contribute little to the accumulated emissions. The study was limited to five land based oil and gas facilities in Norway. However, as the results regarding leak rate distribution and “super-emitter” contributions mirror studies from other regions, the methodology should be generally applicable. To emphasize environmental impact, it is suggested to include leaking gas GWP in future research on the categorization model, that is, not base prioritization solely on leak rates. Research on OGI campaign frequency is recommended since frequent coarse campaigns may give an improved cost benefit ratio.

Value Co-Creation Practices in the Decommissioning of Offshore Platforms: A Case Study Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 239496432110320
Author(s):  
Francesca Loia ◽  
Vincenzo Basile ◽  
Nancy Capobianco ◽  
Roberto Vona
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Collaborative Interactions ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Italian Context

Over the years, value co-creation practices have become increasingly more important by supporting collaborative interactions and the achievement of sustainable and mutual competitive advantage between the ecosystem’ actors. In this direction, the oil and gas industry is proposing a sustainable re-use of offshore platforms based on value co-creation and resources exchange between the actors involved. According to this consideration, this work aims at re-reading the decommissioning of offshore platforms in the light of value co-creation practices, trying to capture the factors that governments and companies can leverage to pursue a sustainable development of local communities. To reach this goal, this work follows an exploratory approach by using, in particular, the case study. Specifically, one of the most notably projects in the Italian context have been chosen, the Paguro platform, in order to provide empirical insights into the nature of these value co-creation processes. Five value co-creation practices have been identified which highlight the importance of synergistic efforts of institutions, companies and technology-based platforms for improving the ability to co-create and capture value in the process of decommissioning. This exploratory work establishes a foundation for future research, and offers theoretical and managerial guidance in this increasingly important area.

scholarly journals Characterization of fatal injuries in oil and gas industry-related helicopter accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Yeoman ◽  
Mary B. O’Connor ◽  
Sara Sochor ◽  
Gerald Poplin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Safety Features

Abstract Background Transportation events are the most common cause of offshore fatalities in the oil and gas industry, of which helicopter accidents comprise the majority. Little is known about injury distributions in civilian helicopter crashes, and knowledge of injury distributions could focus research and recommendations for enhanced injury prevention and post-crash survival. This study describes the distribution of injuries among fatalities in Gulf of Mexico oil and gas industry-related helicopter accidents, provides a detailed injury classification to identify potential areas of enhanced safety design, and describes relevant safety features for mitigation of common injuries. Methods Decedents of accidents during 2004–2014 were identified, and autopsy reports were requested from responsible jurisdictions. Documented injuries were coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and frequency and proportion of injuries by AIS body region and severity were calculated. Injuries were categorized into detailed body regions to target areas for prevention. Results A total of 35 autopsies were coded, with 568 injuries documented. Of these, 23.4% were lower extremity, 22.0% were thorax, 13.6% were upper extremity, and 13.4% were face injuries. Minor injuries were most prevalent in the face, neck, upper and lower extremities, and abdomen. Serious or worse injuries were most prevalent in the thorax (53.6%), spine (50.0%), head (41.7%), and external/other regions (75.0%). The most frequent injuries by detailed body regions were thoracic organ (23.0%), thoracic skeletal (13.3%), abdominal organ (9.6%), and leg injuries (7.4%). Drowning occurred in 13 (37.1%) of victims, and drowning victims had a higher proportion of moderate brain injuries (7.8%) and lower number of documented injuries (3.8) compared with non-drowning victims (2.9 and 9.4%, respectively). Conclusions Knowledge of injury distributions focuses and prioritizes the need for additional safety features not routinely used in helicopters. The most frequent injuries occurred in the thorax and lower extremity regions. Future research requires improved and expanded data, including collection of detailed data to allow characterization of both injury mechanism and distribution. Improved safety systems including airbags and helmets should be implemented and evaluated for their impact on injuries and fatalities.

scholarly journals Lease Financing as a Performance Driver: Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Arshad ◽  
◽  
Zahid Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Ghalib Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The sole aim of the study is to analyze the effect of the lease as a potential driver of firm’s financial performance in oil and gas industry of Pakistan. The population for the current research study comprises of 18 listed companies of oil and gas sector of Pakistan but the final sample includes only nine companies which were using lease financing. The data were collected from the annual reports of companies from the year 2013 to 2017. Lease financing is used as an independent variable while firm performance as dependent variable defined by ROA. ordinary least square method was used. The study concludes that financing through the lease is not a significant driver of financial performance in oil and gas companies of Pakistan and also negatively affecting it rather these companies heavily rely on debt financing which decreases their performance. Only the firm size has a positive and significant effect on a firm’s performance in this sector. The policy makers and management should consider lease financing as a potential factor of decreasing the firm performance in oil and gas industry of Pakistan for future consideration. The research study has considerable importance for the oil and gas sector of Pakistan as the first in this domain for the future research, especially for the lease financing

scholarly journals Blockchain in Oil and Gas Industry: Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Wasim Ahmad ◽  
Khaled Salah ◽  
Raja Jayaraman ◽  
Ibrar Yaqoob ◽  
Mohammed Omar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Provenance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Today's systems, approaches, and technologies leveraged for managing oil and gas supply chain operations fall short in providing operational transparency, traceability, audit, security, and trusted data provenance features. Also, a large portion of the existing systems is centralized, manual, and highly disintegrated which make them vulnerable to manipulation and the single point of failure problem. In this survey, we explore the potential opportunities and applications of blockchain technology in managing the exploration, production, and supply chain and logistics operations in the oil and gas industry as it can offer traceability, immutability, transparency, and audit features in a decentralized, trusted, and secure manner. We discuss state-of-the-art blockchain-based schemes, research projects, business initiatives, and case studies to highlight the practicability of blockchain in the oil and gas industry. We present the potential opportunities brought about by blockchain technology in various use cases and application scenarios. We introduce several systems that leverage blockchain-based smart contracts to automate the important services in terms of tracking and tracing of petroleum products, protection of international trade documents, and coordination of purchasing and bidding activities for granting oil exploration rights to petroleum exploration and development companies. Finally, we present open challenges acting as future research directions.

Incorporation of Physics into Machine Learning for Production Prediction from Unconventional Reservoirs: A Brief Review of the Gray-Box Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hui-Hai Liu ◽  
Jilin Zhang ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Cenk Temizel ◽  
Mustafa A. Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Production Prediction

Summary Prediction of well production from unconventional reservoirs is often a complex problem with an incomplete understanding of physics and a considerable amount of data. The most effective way for dealing with it is to use the gray-box approach that combines the strengths of physics-based models and machine learning (ML) used for dealing with certain components of the prediction where physical understanding is poor or difficult. However, the development of methodologies for the incorporation of physics into ML is still in its infancy, not only in the oil and gas industry, but also in other scientific and engineering communities, including the physics community. To set the stage for further advancing the use of combining physics-based models with ML for predicting well production, in this paper we present a brief review of the current developments in this area in the industry, including ML representation of numerical simulation results, determination of parameters for decline curve analysis (DCA) models with ML, physics-informed ML (PIML) that provides an efficient and gridless method for solving differential equations and for discovering governing equations from observations, and physics-constrained ML (PCML) that directly embeds a physics-based model into a neural network. The advantages and potential limitations of the methods are discussed. The future research directions in this area include, but are not limited to, further developing and refining methodologies, including algorithm development, to directly embed physics-based models into ML; exploring the usefulness of PIML for reservoir simulations; and adapting the new developments of how the physics and ML are incorporated in other communities to the well-production prediction. Finally, the methodologies we discuss in the paper can be generally applied to conventional reservoirs as well, although the focus here is on unconventional reservoirs.

Detection of methane fugitive emissions using drones

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Grazia Gargiulo
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Laser Sensor ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Specific Difficulty

Detecting methane fugitive emissions from infrastructures is an important task for the oil and gas industry safety and asset management. The current methodology relies on driving surveys using vehicles equipped with different sensors. However, this approach has limitations due to the technical characteristics of the commercially available methane detectors and the specific difficulty for a vehicle to safely and reliably cover certain terrains. Additionally, for an extended asset network like pipelines, the gathering of data relies on long distance driving and sometimes in remote areas. Terra Sana Consultants Pty Ltd (TSC) developed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, mounted with a laser sensor able to detect surface fugitive emissions associated with oil and gas operations and clearly geo-reference methane emission. This technology enables a more targeted risk assessment approach with the objectives to improve the emission flux calculations across the scale of a typical oil and gas site thus reducing uncertainty and to thereby plan meaningful remediation actions.

Establishment of Industry Standard Flange Sealing Effectiveness Measure (Leakage Rate Based) Methodology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Lutkiewicz ◽  
David Robertson ◽  
Michael Pulvino
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Leak Rate ◽  
Surface Element ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Seal Tightness ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Advance Theory

Abstract There are currently no industry accepted methods for calculating sealing effectiveness of flange connections at the research and development phase of a project. As there are many different designs of bolted piping connectors being widely used in the oil and gas industry, operators and regulators could benefit greatly from a more accurate comparison and estimate of expected flange tightness level, based on design calculations only. This paper will propose a new methodology for sealing effectiveness estimation of bolted connections based on leak rate calculations. The methodology will combine practical simplicity and advance theory to get a simple but effective engineering/designing tool to assess the seal tightness. A new proposed method will be based on the contact stress pattern (FEA results), material properties (code specification) and surface finish/roughness (manufacture requirements) as inputs and leak rate estimation as an output. The Representative Surface Element concept will be introduced and presented. In this paper, the general methodology principles will be presented and followed by an engineering example.

scholarly journals Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: A Systematic Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipei Fu ◽  
Kaili Liao ◽  
Bo Tang ◽  
Lujun Jiang ◽  
Weiqiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Profile Control

Graphene and its derivatives, with their unique two-dimensional structures and excellent physical and chemical properties, have been an international research hotspot both in the research community and industry. However, in application-oriented research in the oil and gas industry they have only drawn attention in the past several years. Their excellent optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical performance make them great candidates for use in oil and gas exploration, drilling, production, and transportation. Combined with the actual requirements for well working fluids, chemical enhanced oil recovery, heavy oil recovery, profile control and water shutoff, tracers, oily wastewater treatment, pipeline corrosion prevention treatment, and tools and apparatus, etc., this paper introduces the behavior in water and toxicity to organisms of graphene and its derivatives in detail, and comprehensively reviews the research progress of graphene materials in the upstream oil and gas industry. Based on this, suggestions were put forward for the future research. This work is useful to the in-depth mechanism research and application scope broadening research in the upstream oil and gas industry.

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