scholarly journals Design of Heat-Pump Systems for Single- and Multi-Family Houses using a Heuristic Scheduling for the Optimization of PV Self-Consumption

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kemmler ◽  
Bernd Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Floor Heating

Heat pumps in combination with a photovoltaic system are a very promising option for the transformation of the energy system. By using such a system for coupling the electricity and heat sectors, buildings can be heated sustainably and with low greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reveals a method for dimensioning a suitable system of heat pump and photovoltaics (PV) for residential buildings in order to achieve a high level of (photovoltaic) PV self-consumption. This is accomplished by utilizing a thermal energy storage (TES) for shifting the operation of the heat pump to times of high PV power production by an intelligent control algorithm, which yields a high portion of PV power directly utilized by the heat pump. In order to cover the existing set of building infrastructure, 4 reference buildings with different years of construction are introduced for both single- and multi-family residential buildings. By this means, older buildings with radiator heating as well as new buildings with floor heating systems are included. The simulations for evaluating the performance of a heat pump/PV system controlled by the novel algorithm for each type of building were carried out in MATLAB-Simulink® 2017a. The results show that 25.3% up to 41.0% of the buildings’ electricity consumption including the heat pump can be covered directly from the PV-installation per year. Evidently, the characteristics of the heating system significantly influence the results: new buildings with floor heating and low supply temperatures yield a higher level of PV self-consumption due to a higher efficiency of the heat pump compared to buildings with radiator heating and higher supply temperatures. In addition, the effect of adding a battery to the system was studied for two building types. It will be shown that the degree of PV self-consumption increases in case a battery is present. However, due to the high investment costs of batteries, they do not pay off within a reasonable period.

scholarly journals Combinations of heat pump and photovoltaics for renovated buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Andreas Heinz ◽  
Christian Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Emission System ◽  
Family House

The aim of this work is the analysis of hybrid heating systems consisting of an air source heat pump, a storage tank and a photovoltaic (PV) system for the use in renovated residential buildings. The potential for decreasing the electrical energy consumption of the heat pump from the grid by targeted operation of the speed controlled compressor with electricity from PV is determined by means of dynamic system simulations in TRNSYS for a renovated single family house under the assumption that the existing radiator heating system is not replaced, and that therefore relatively high supply temperatures are necessary. Different variants were considered with regard to the size of the PV system, the storage volume and the influence of the heat emission system.

scholarly journals Energy Saving Potential of Radiant Floor Heating Assisted by an Air Source Heat Pump in Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Hwang ◽  
Jae-Weon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Heating Loads ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating ◽  
Floor Heating ◽  
Floor Temperature

The objective of this research is to establish an appropriate operating strategy for a radiant floor heating system that additionally has an air source heat pump for providing convective air heating separately, leading to heating energy saving and thermal comfort in residential buildings. To determine the appropriate optimal operating ratio of each system taking charge of combined heating systems, the energy consumption of the entire system was drawn, and the adaptive floor surface temperature was reviewed based on international standards and literature on thermal comfort. For processing heating loads with radiant floor heating and air source heating systems, the heating capacity of radiant floor heating by 1 °C variation in floor temperature was calculated, and the remaining heating load was handled by the heating capacity of the convective air heating heat pump. Consequently, when the floor temperature was 25 °C, all heating loads were removed by radiant floor heating only. When handling all heating loads with the heat pump, 59.2% less energy was used compared with radiant floor heating only. Considering the local discomfort of the soles of the feet, the floor temperature is expected to be suitable at 22–23 °C, and 31.5–37.6% energy saving compared with those of radiant floor heating alone were confirmed.

scholarly journals Control of Heat Pumps with CO2 Emission Intensity Forecasts

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Leerbeck ◽  
Peder Bacher ◽  
Rune Grønborg Junker ◽  
Anna Tveit ◽  
Olivier Corradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Thermostatic Control ◽  
Co2 Emission Intensity ◽  
Floor Heating

An optimized heat pump control for building heating was developed for minimizing CO 2 emissions from related electrical power generation. The control is using weather and CO 2 emission forecasts as inputs to a Model Predictive Control (MPC)—a multivariate control algorithm using a dynamic process model, constraints and a cost function to be minimized. In a simulation study, the control was applied using weather and power grid conditions during a full-year period in 2017–2018 for the power bidding zone DK2 (East, Denmark). Two scenarios were studied; one with a family house and one with an office building. The buildings were dimensioned based on standards and building codes/regulations. The main results are measured as the CO 2 emission savings relative to a classical thermostatic control. Note that this only measures the gain achieved using the MPC control, that is, the energy flexibility, not the absolute savings. The results show that around 16% of savings could have been achieved during the period in well-insulated new buildings with floor heating. Further, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of various building properties, for example, level of insulation and thermal capacity. Danish building codes from 1977 and forward were used as benchmarks for insulation levels. It was shown that both insulation and thermal mass influence the achievable flexibility savings, especially for floor heating. Buildings that comply with building codes later than 1979 could provide flexibility emission savings of around 10%, while buildings that comply with earlier codes provided savings in the range of 0–5% depending on the heating system and thermal mass.

Heat storage-type floor heating system with heat pump driven by nighttime electric power

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munehiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Sogo Sayama ◽  
Hirokazu Yoneda ◽  
Kin-ya Iwamoto ◽  
Mitsuhiro Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Floor Heating ◽  
Storage Type

scholarly journals Optimisation of Energy Accumulation for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Milan Belik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Wind Power Station ◽  
Future Production

This project focuses on optimisation of energy accumulation for various types of distributed renewable energy sources. The main goal is to prepare charging – discharging strategy depending on actual power consumption and prediction of consumption and production of utilised renewable energy sources for future period. The simulation is based on real long term data measured on photovoltaic system, wind power station and meteo station between 2004 – 2021. The data from meteo station serve as the input for the simulation and prediction of the future production while the data from PV system and wind turbine are used either as actual production or as a verification of the predicted values. Various parameters are used for trimming of the optimisation process. Influence of the charging strategy, discharging strategy, values and shape of the demand from the grid and prices is described on typical examples of the simulations. The main goal is to prepare and verify the system in real conditions with real load chart and real consumption defined by the model building with integrated renewable energy sources. The system can be later used in general installations on commercial or residential buildings.

scholarly journals Heat pump systems: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omar Temori ◽  
František Vranay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption

In this work, a mini review of heat pumps is presented. The work is intended to introduce a technology that can be used to income energy from the natural environment and thus reduce electricity consumption for heating and cooling. A heat pump is a mechanical device that transfers heat from one environmental compartment to another, typically against a temperature gradient (i.e. from cool to hot). In order to do this, an energy input is required: this may be mechanical, electrical or thermal energy. In most modern heat pumps, electrical energy powers a compressor, which drives a compression - expansion cycle of refrigerant fluid between two heat exchanges: a cold evaporator and a warm condenser. The efficiency or coefficient of performance (COP), of a heat pump is defined as the thermal output divided by the primary energy (electricity) input. The COP decreases as the temperature difference between the cool heat source and the warm heat sink increases. An efficient ground source heat pump (GSHP) may achieve a COP of around 4. Heat pumps are ideal for exploiting low-temperature environmental heat sources: the air, surface waters or the ground. They can deliver significant environmental (CO2) and cost savings.

Heat Integration of Absorption Heat Pump in a Milk Powder Dairy

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Møller Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Integration ◽  
Absorption Heat Pump ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling System

Abstract Heat integration with absorption heat pumps requires investigation of many types of plant designs. In this article, it is concluded that in many cases high temperature absorption systems for heat recovery are more economically feasible than absorption systems for cooling purposes. The conclusion is based on a project where the scope was to investigate technical and economical possibilities for heat integration of an absorption heat pump in a milk powder plant. The first idea behind the project was to use the waste heat from the rejected air to drive an absorption cooling system to reduce the electricity consumption for cooling proposes. The model of the plant was based on simulations as a background for a time averaged COP model. It was concluded that an absorption system for generating low temperature steam is more feasible.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation and Energy Performance Simulation of Mongolian Ger with ETS Heater and Solar PV in Ulaanbaatar City

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5840
Author(s):  
Bat-Erdene Bayandelger ◽  
Yuzuru Ueda ◽  
Amarbayar Adiyabat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Central Energy ◽  
Indoor Comfort

There are approximately 200,000 households living in detached houses and gers (yurts) with small coal stoves that burn raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city. A proper heating system and improvement of the energy efficiency of residential dwellings are vitally important for Ulaanbaatar city to reduce air pollution as well as for the operation of the current central energy system. This study shows the experimental results for two gers with two different heating systems and different thermal insulation, for investigating the merits of each. The technical feasibility of the system consisting of an electric thermal storage (ETS) heater with a daytime charging schedule and areal photovoltaic (PV) system was also examined by using a simulation with software developed in MATLAB (R2020a, MathWorks, USA). As a result of the experiment, the indoor comfort level and energy efficiency of the ger with added insulation and an ETS heater with nighttime charging were shown to be enhanced compared with those of the reference ger. The ger with added insulation and the ETS heater consumed 3169 kWh for electric appliances and 5989 kWh for the heating season. The simulation showed that the PV self-consumption rate is 76% for the Ger 2 with the ETS heater because of the daytime charging schedule of the ETS heater. The PV system supplied 31% of the total energy consumed, with the remaining 69% from the main grid.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis using simulations for a ground source heat pump – implementation on a solar passive house

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01070
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Ilisei ◽  
Tiberiu Catalina ◽  
Robert Gavriliuc
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source

Having in sight the need for a strong reduction in CO2 emissions and the fluctuation of the price of fossil fuels, the ground source resources alongside with the ground source heat pumps are becoming more and more widespread for meeting the heating/cooling demand of several types of buildings. This article targets to develop the thermal modelling of borehole heat storage systems. Trying to emphasize some certain advantages of a GSHP (ground source heat pump) with vertical boreholes, a case study analysing a residential solar passive house is presented. The numerical results are produced using different modelling software like DesignBuilder, EED (Earth Energy Designer) and a sizing method for the length of the boreholes (ASHRAE method). The idea of sizing the length of boreholes (main design parameter and good index in estimating the system’s cost) using two different methods shows the reliability of this modelling tool. The study shows that borehole’s length of a GSHP system can trigger a difference in electricity consumption up to 22%. Moreover, this sensitivity analysis aims to prove that the design of the whole system can be done beforehand just using modeling tools, without performing tests in-situ.

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