scholarly journals Research on the Estimate of Gas Hydrate Saturation Based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Network

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6536
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Li ◽  
Xuewei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

Gas hydrate saturation is an important index for evaluating gas hydrate reservoirs, and well logs are an effective method for estimating gas hydrate saturation. To use well logs better to estimate gas hydrate saturation, and to establish the deep internal connections and laws of the data, we propose a method of using deep learning technology to estimate gas hydrate saturation from well logs. Considering that well logs have sequential characteristics, we used the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network to predict the gas hydrate saturation from the well logs of two sites in the Shenhu area, South China Sea. By constructing an LSTM recurrent layer and two fully connected layers at one site, we used resistivity and acoustic velocity logs that were sensitive to gas hydrate as input. We used the gas hydrate saturation calculated by the chloride concentration of the pore water as output to train the LSTM network. We achieved a good training result. Applying the trained LSTM recurrent neural network to another site in the same area achieved good prediction of gas hydrate saturation, showing the unique advantages of deep learning technology in gas hydrate saturation estimation.

scholarly journals Flutter speed prediction by using deep learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781402110622
Author(s):  
Yi-Ren Wang ◽  
Yi-Jyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Flutter Speed ◽  
Aeroelastic Flutter ◽  
Speed Prediction ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Method

Deep learning technology has been widely used in various field in recent years. This study intends to use deep learning algorithms to analyze the aeroelastic phenomenon and compare the differences between Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) applied on the flutter speed prediction. In this present work, DNN and LSTM are used to address complex aeroelastic systems by superimposing multi-layer Artificial Neural Network. Under such an architecture, the neurons in neural network can extract features from various flight data. Instead of time-consuming high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, this study uses the K method to build the aeroelastic flutter speed big data for different flight conditions. The flutter speeds for various flight conditions are predicted by the deep learning methods and verified by the K method. The detailed physical meaning of aerodynamics and aeroelasticity of the prediction results are studied. The LSTM model has a cyclic architecture, which enables it to store information and update it with the latest information at the same time. Although the training of the model is more time-consuming than DNN, this method can increase the memory space. The results of this work show that the LSTM model established in this study can provide more accurate flutter speed prediction than the DNN algorithm.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Reservoir Inflow Forecasting

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Apaydin ◽  
Hajar Feizi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Sattari ◽  
Muslume Sevba Colak ◽  
Shahaboddin Shamshirband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Due to the stochastic nature and complexity of flow, as well as the existence of hydrological uncertainties, predicting streamflow in dam reservoirs, especially in semi-arid and arid areas, is essential for the optimal and timely use of surface water resources. In this research, daily streamflow to the Ermenek hydroelectric dam reservoir located in Turkey is simulated using deep recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures, including bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM), and simple recurrent neural networks (simple RNN). For this purpose, daily observational flow data are used during the period 2012–2018, and all models are coded in Python software programming language. Only delays of streamflow time series are used as the input of models. Then, based on the correlation coefficient (CC), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS), results of deep-learning architectures are compared with one another and with an artificial neural network (ANN) with two hidden layers. Results indicate that the accuracy of deep-learning RNN methods are better and more accurate than ANN. Among methods used in deep learning, the LSTM method has the best accuracy, namely, the simulated streamflow to the dam reservoir with 90% accuracy in the training stage and 87% accuracy in the testing stage. However, the accuracies of ANN in training and testing stages are 86% and 85%, respectively. Considering that the Ermenek Dam is used for hydroelectric purposes and energy production, modeling inflow in the most realistic way may lead to an increase in energy production and income by optimizing water management. Hence, multi-percentage improvements can be extremely useful. According to results, deep-learning methods of RNNs can be used for estimating streamflow to the Ermenek Dam reservoir due to their accuracy.

scholarly journals A Statistics and Deep Learning Hybrid Method for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting and Mortality Modeling

Forecasting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Thabang Mathonsi ◽  
Terence L. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Exponential Smoothing ◽  
Learning Methods

Hybrid methods have been shown to outperform pure statistical and pure deep learning methods at forecasting tasks and quantifying the associated uncertainty with those forecasts (prediction intervals). One example is Exponential Smoothing Recurrent Neural Network (ES-RNN), a hybrid between a statistical forecasting model and a recurrent neural network variant. ES-RNN achieves a 9.4% improvement in absolute error in the Makridakis-4 Forecasting Competition. This improvement and similar outperformance from other hybrid models have primarily been demonstrated only on univariate datasets. Difficulties with applying hybrid forecast methods to multivariate data include (i) the high computational cost involved in hyperparameter tuning for models that are not parsimonious, (ii) challenges associated with auto-correlation inherent in the data, as well as (iii) complex dependency (cross-correlation) between the covariates that may be hard to capture. This paper presents Multivariate Exponential Smoothing Long Short Term Memory (MES-LSTM), a generalized multivariate extension to ES-RNN, that overcomes these challenges. MES-LSTM utilizes a vectorized implementation. We test MES-LSTM on several aggregated coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity datasets and find our hybrid approach shows consistent, significant improvement over pure statistical and deep learning methods at forecast accuracy and prediction interval construction.

scholarly journals Hybrid deep learning model using recurrent neural network and gated recurrent unit for heart disease prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5467
Author(s):  
Surenthiran Krishnan ◽  
Pritheega Magalingam ◽  
Roslina Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Disease Prediction ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Deep Learning Model

<span>This paper proposes a new hybrid deep learning model for heart disease prediction using recurrent neural network (RNN) with the combination of multiple gated recurrent units (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM) and Adam optimizer. This proposed model resulted in an outstanding accuracy of 98.6876% which is the highest in the existing model of RNN. The model was developed in Python 3.7 by integrating RNN in multiple GRU that operates in Keras and Tensorflow as the backend for deep learning process, supported by various Python libraries. The recent existing models using RNN have reached an accuracy of 98.23% and deep neural network (DNN) has reached 98.5%. The common drawbacks of the existing models are low accuracy due to the complex build-up of the neural network, high number of neurons with redundancy in the neural network model and imbalance datasets of Cleveland. Experiments were conducted with various customized model, where results showed that the proposed model using RNN and multiple GRU with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTe) has reached the best performance level. This is the highest accuracy result for RNN using Cleveland datasets and much promising for making an early heart disease prediction for the patients.</span>

Combining Deep Learning Models for Enhancing the Detection of Botnet Attacks in Multiple Sensors Internet of Things Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem A. Hezam ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Zirawani Baharum ◽  
Alde Alanda ◽  
Mohd Zaki Salikon
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Iot Devices

Distributed-Denial-of-Service impacts are undeniably significant, and because of the development of IoT devices, they are expected to continue to rise in the future. Even though many solutions have been developed to identify and prevent this assault, which is mainly targeted at IoT devices, the danger continues to exist and is now larger than ever. It is common practice to launch denial of service attacks in order to prevent legitimate requests from being completed. This is accomplished by swamping the targeted machines or resources with false requests in an attempt to overpower systems and prevent many or all legitimate requests from being completed. There have been many efforts to use machine learning to tackle puzzle-like middle-box problems and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) problems in the last few years. The modern botnets are so sophisticated that they may evolve daily, as in the case of the Mirai botnet, for example. This research presents a deep learning method based on a real-world dataset gathered by infecting nine Internet of Things devices with two of the most destructive DDoS botnets, Mirai and Bashlite, and then analyzing the results. This paper proposes the BiLSTM-CNN model that combines Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This model employs CNN for data processing and feature optimization, and the BiLSTM is used for classification. This model is evaluated by comparing its results with three standard deep learning models of CNN, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and long-Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM–RNN). There is a huge need for more realistic datasets to fully test such models' capabilities, and where N-BaIoT comes, it also includes multi-device IoT data. The N-BaIoT dataset contains DDoS attacks with the two of the most used types of botnets: Bashlite and Mirai. The 10-fold cross-validation technique tests the four models. The obtained results show that the BiLSTM-CNN outperforms all other individual classifiers in every aspect in which it achieves an accuracy of 89.79% and an error rate of 0.1546 with a very high precision of 93.92% with an f1-score and recall of 85.73% and 89.11%, respectively. The RNN achieves the highest accuracy among the three individual models, with an accuracy of 89.77%, followed by LSTM, which achieves the second-highest accuracy of 89.71%. CNN, on the other hand, achieves the lowest accuracy among all classifiers of 89.50%.

scholarly journals Hand Gesture Recognition in Video Sequences Using Deep Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Falah Obaid ◽  
Amin Babadi ◽  
Ahmad Yoosofan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

AbstractDeep learning is a new branch of machine learning, which is widely used by researchers in a lot of artificial intelligence applications, including signal processing and computer vision. The present research investigates the use of deep learning to solve the hand gesture recognition (HGR) problem and proposes two models using deep learning architecture. The first model comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network with a long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM). The accuracy of model achieves up to 82 % when fed by colour channel, and 89 % when fed by depth channel. The second model comprises two parallel convolutional neural networks, which are merged by a merge layer, and a recurrent neural network with a long short-term memory fed by RGB-D. The accuracy of the latest model achieves up to 93 %.

scholarly journals Application of SRNN-GRU in Photovoltaic power Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Shiyan Liu ◽  
Xiaoguang Hao ◽  
Zhengji Meng ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Tongfei Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Parallel Computing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Power Forecasting

Short-term photovoltaic power forecasting is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of the power grid and coordinating the utilization of resources. As one of the Deep Learning Methods, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is widely used in time series prediction but lacks the ability of parallel computing. With good prediction effect, RNN is faced with the problem of long training time. In this paper, Sliced Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN) is applied to PV power prediction to guarantee the ability of parallel computing. The research result shows that compared to other commonly used models, SRNN can greatly speed up the training of Deep Learning Network with over 4 times higher training speed of the application of PV power prediction than that of ordinary RNN structure like LSTM and GRU. The accuracy of SRNN model is also improved by 0.1102 mae, which is significantly ahead of the others, as its parallel structure causes the more efficient parameter update, thus achieving ideal effect in PV prediction.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Recurrent Neural Network for Concussion Classification in Adolescents Using Raw Electroencephalography Signals: Toward a Minimal Number of Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karun Thanjavur ◽  
Dionissios T. Hristopulos ◽  
Arif Babul ◽  
Kwang Moo Yi ◽  
Naznin Virji-Babul
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
State Data ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Lstm Network

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are showing increasing promise as decision support tools in medicine and particularly in neuroscience and neuroimaging. Recently, there has been increasing work on using neural networks to classify individuals with concussion using electroencephalography (EEG) data. However, to date the need for research grade equipment has limited the applications to clinical environments. We recently developed a deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) based recurrent neural network to classify concussion using raw, resting state data using 64 EEG channels and achieved high accuracy in classifying concussion. Here, we report on our efforts to develop a clinically practical system using a minimal subset of EEG sensors. EEG data from 23 athletes who had suffered a sport-related concussion and 35 non-concussed, control athletes were used for this study. We tested and ranked each of the original 64 channels based on its contribution toward the concussion classification performed by the original LSTM network. The top scoring channels were used to train and test a network with the same architecture as the previously trained network. We found that with only six of the top scoring channels the classifier identified concussions with an accuracy of 94%. These results show that it is possible to classify concussion using raw, resting state data from a small number of EEG sensors, constituting a first step toward developing portable, easy to use EEG systems that can be used in a clinical setting.

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