scholarly journals A Long-Term Analysis of the Architecture and Operation of Water Film Cooling System for Commercial PV Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Vinícius Silva ◽  
Julio Martinez ◽  
Raphael Heideier ◽  
Jonathas Bernal ◽  
André Gimenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Measurement Monitoring ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
And Control

This work aims at analyzing and architecting natural and artificial parameters to model a water-film cooling system for photovoltaic modules for some months under warm conditions. Methodologically, the theoretical and technical aspects were structured to develop, implement, monitor, and assess the cooling system at an on-grid, outdoor testing unit, considering the following: (i) the criteria to select and to approve the implementation site (infrastructure and climatologic and solarimetric conditions); (ii) the types, frequency and qualities of the monitored data; (iii) the system measurement, monitoring and control equipment; (iv) the commissioning of the system as a whole; and (v) the tests and results empirically obtained. The water-film cooling system reduces the temperature by 15–19%, on average, and up to a maximum of 24–35%. In terms of electric power, there was an average gain of 5–9% at the time of day with the highest solar radiation, and maximum gains of 12% on days with solar radiation above average. Regarding gross energy, average gains of 2.3–6%, and maximum gains of 6.3–12%, were obtained. It was concluded that the test unit helps understand the natural phenomena and the development, operation, and maintenance of performance gain systems of on-grid PV modules for construction on a commercial scale.

scholarly journals Low cost driver device for microclimate maintenance in the pre-milking of dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenilson M. da Silva ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
Ângelo J. S. de Vasconcelos ◽  
Renato Laurenti ◽  
Cristiane Guiselini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
And Control

Due to the importance of the environment on animal production and thus environmental control, the study aims to build a system for monitoring and control the meteorological variables, temperature and relative humidity, low cost, which can be associated with an evaporative cooling system (ECS). The system development included all the stages of assembly, test and laboratory calibration, and later the validation of the equipment carried in the field. The validation step showed results which allowed concluding that the system can be safely used in the monitoring of these variables. The controller was efficient in management of the microclimate in the waiting corral and allowed the maintenance of the air temperature within the comfort range for dairy cattle in pre-milking with averaged 25.09 ºC during the afternoon. The equipment showed the lower cost (R$ 325.76) when compared to other middle market (R$ 450.00).

Estimation of Optimal Water Flow Rate of a Steel Roller Shutter with Water Film Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Shin Ku Lee ◽  
W.H. Lo ◽  
M.C. Ho ◽  
T.H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Steel Roller ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Hot Surface

The hybrid inverse method to estimate the optimal water flow rate and surface temperature on the hot surface of the steel roller shutter with water film cooling system subjected to a fire environment is presented in this paper. The results show that the effect of the down-flowing water film flow rate on the present estimates cannot be negligible. The water-film system combined with the steel roller shutter can effectively improve the heat resistance and the temperature of the shutter slat surface can be controlled to around 100 °C. The optimal water flow rate is 110 L/min for a typical 3m x 3m steel roller shutter with water film cooling system.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RISIKO KREDIT SEBGAI ALAT UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR RISKO KREDIT PADA BANK NAGARI CABANG PEMBANTU SIMPANG HARU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jhon fernos ◽  
Oriza Satifa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Risk Measurement ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Measurement Monitoring ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Credit Risk Measurement ◽  
And Control

This study aims to determine the application of credit risk management and criteria as well as efforts to minimize credit risk in Bank Nagari Simpang Haru Sub-Branch. In implementing credit risk management at Bank Nagari Simpang Haru Sub-Branch, it includes the identification, measurement, monitoring and control of credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of non-performing loans where the debtor must be under special surveillance while the credit measurement must be in accordance with the NPL, Non-perfoming loan (NPL) is very important for credit risk measurement at Bank Nagari Simpang Haru Sub-Branch, because it must be in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bank Indonesia (BI), by using a non perfoming loan, it will be easy for the Bank to find out the criteria in analyzing credit risk where the Indonesian bank sets a maximum Npl of 5%. Credit collectability is the basis in calculating the level of NPL. Credit Risk Issues that appear at Bank Nagari Simpang Haru Sub-Branch, namely Problem Loans. In this case there are credit risk factors including internal banks, debtors and others. Thus the debtor becomes a factor that often arises and is of special concern.

Fire resistance evaluation of a steel roller shutter with water-film cooling system

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 465-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ku Lee ◽  
Ming-Chin Ho ◽  
Jian-Jung Chen ◽  
Chang-Yu Lin ◽  
Ta-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Resistance Evaluation ◽  
Steel Roller
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