scholarly journals Thermodynamic Study of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Ironmaking Process of the Reduction of Iron Oxides by Carbon

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Guanyong Sun ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Hanjie Guo ◽  
Wensheng Yang ◽  
Shaoying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Reduction Reactions ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Ironmaking Process

Carbon included in coke and coal was used as a reduction agent and fuel in blast furnace (BF) ironmaking processes, which released large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2). Minimizing the carbon consumption and CO2 output has always the goal of ironmaking research. In this paper, the reduction reactions of iron oxides by carbon, the gasification reaction of carbon by CO2, and the coupling reactions were studied by thermodynamic functions, which were derived from isobaric specific heat capacity. The reaction enthalpy at 298 K could not represent the heat value at the other reaction temperature, so the certain temperature should be confirmed by Gibbs frees energy and gas partial pressure. Based on Hess’ law, the energy consumption of the ironmaking process by carbon was calculated in detail. The decrease in the reduction temperature of solid metal iron has been beneficial in reducing the sensible heat required. When the volume ratio of CO to CO2 in the top gas of the furnace was given as 1.1–1.5, the coupling parameters of carbon gasification were 1.06–1.28 for Fe2O3, 0.71–0.85 for Fe3O4, 0.35–0.43 for FeO, respectively. With the increase in the coupling parameters, the volume fraction of CO2 decreased, and energy consumption and CO2 output increased. The minimum energy consumption and CO2 output of liquid iron production were in the reduction reactions with only CO2 generated, which were 9.952 GJ/t and 1265.854 kg/t from Fe2O3, 9.761 GJ/t and 1226.799 kg/t from Fe3O4, 9.007 GJ/t and 1107.368 kg/t from FeO, respectively. Compared with the current energy consumption of 11.65 GJ/t hot metal (HM) and CO2 output of 1650 kg/tHM of BF, the energy consumption and CO2 of ironmaking by carbon could reach lower levels by decreasing the coupled gasification reactions, lowering the temperature needed to generate solid Fe and adjusting the iron oxides to improve the iron content in the raw material. This article provides a simplified calculation method to understand the limit of energy consumption and CO2 output of ironmaking by carbon reduction iron oxides.

scholarly journals The Increase of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Sasana ◽  
Annisa Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fossil Energy

In the last decade, the increase of energy consumption that has multiplied carbondioxide emissions becomes world problems, especially in the developing countries undergoing industrialization to be developed ones like Indonesia. This aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fossil energy consumption, population growth, and consumption of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emission. The method used was multiple linear regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square approach using time series in the period of 1990 - 2014. The result showed that fossil energy consumption and population growth have a positive influence on carbon dioxide emission in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the consumption variable of renewable energy has a negative effect on the level of carbon dioxide emissions produced.

scholarly journals Is China’s target of a 40-45% reduction in carbon dioxide emission plausible?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mpho Bosupeng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

AbstractIn the early days of industrialisation, economists believed that the ramifications of economic growth will far outweigh the potential damage to the environment. Today the concern is the rising magnitude of emissions. Many economies are under immense pressure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon taxation and absorption technologies seem to be the main mechanisms controlling emissions in different nations. China proposed her target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 40-45% by 2025. The purpose of this study is to determine if China’s ambition of reducing its carbon dioxide emissions is feasible. This investigation also examines the potential effects of China's emissions on the economic growth of other countries. The study demonstrates that China’s target may not only reduce her output, but may also adversely affect the economic growth of others. This article further reveals that unemployment in China is likely to soar during the reduction in emissions and energy consumption. Additionally, this paper evaluates the effects of green taxation on carbon dioxide emissions. In conclusion, there is a possibility that China may reach her emissions target by 2025. However, the country faces a dilemma between economic growth and environmental preservation. It is recommended that China should explore techniques which will reduce emissions but not impinge negatively on economic growth.

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