scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Sam Simons ◽  
Ulugbek Azimov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

To meet climate change challenges, the UK government is aiming to reach zero emissions by 2050. The heavy-duty transportation sector contributes 17% to the UKs total emissions, so to combat this, alternative power units to traditional fossil fuel-reliant internal combustion engines (ICEs) are being utilized and investigated. Hydrogen fuel cells are a key area of interest to try and reduce these transportation emissions. To gain a true view of the impact that hydrogen fuel cells can have, this study looks at the impact the manufacturing of a fuel cell has upon the environment, from material extraction through to the usage phase. This was done through the use of a lifecycle assessment following ISO 14040 standards, with hydrogen systems being compared to alternative systems. This study has found that whilst fuel cells depend upon energy intensive materials for their construction, it is possible to reduce emissions by 34–87% compared to ICE systems, depending upon the source of hydrogen used. This study shows that hydrogen fuel cells are a viable option for heavy-duty transport that can be utilized to meet the target emissions reduction level by 2050.

scholarly journals Fully-developed laminar flow in trapezoidal ducts with rounded corners: a numerical solution and case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Ismail ◽  
Mohamed R. Berber ◽  
Ziyad A. Alrowaili ◽  
Mohamed Pourkashanian
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poiseuille Number ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to numerically solve fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal ducts with rounded corners which result following forming processes. Design/methodology/approach A two-dimensional model for a trapezoidal duct with rounded corners is developed and conservation of momentum equation is solved. The flow is assumed to be steady, fully developed, laminar, isothermal and incompressible. The key flow characteristics including the Poiseuille number and the incremental pressure drop have been computed and tabulated for a wide range of: sidewall angle (θ); the ratio of the height of the duct to its smaller base (α); and the ratio of the fillet radius of the duct to its smaller base (β). Findings The results show that Poiseuille number decreases, and all the other dimensionless numbers increase with increasing the radii of the fillets of the duct; these effects were found to amplify with decreasing duct heights or increasing sidewall angles. The maximum axial velocity was shown to increase with increasing the radii of the fillets of the duct. For normally used ducts in hydrogen fuel cells, the impact of rounded corners cannot be overlooked for very low channel heights or very high sidewall angles. Practical implications The data generated in this study are highly valuable for engineers interested in estimating pressure drops in rounded trapezoidal ducts; these ducts have been increasingly used in hydrogen fuel cells where flow channels are stamped on thin metallic sheets. Originality/value Fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal ducts with four rounded corners has been solved for the first time, allowing for more accurate estimation of pressure drop.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Hydrogen Demand in China: A System Dynamics Approach

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Jingsi Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiangyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

Many countries, including China, have implemented supporting policies to promote the commercialized application of green hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells. In this study, a system dynamics (SD) model is proposed to study the evolution of hydrogen demand in China from the petroleum refining industry, the synthetic ammonia industry, and the vehicle market. In the model, the impact from the macro-environment, hydrogen fuel supply, and construction of hydrogen facilities is considered to combine in incentives for supporting policies. To further formulate the competitive relationship in the vehicle market, the Lotka–Volterra (LV) approach is adopted. The model is verified using published data from 2003 to 2017. The model is also used to forecast China’s hydrogen demand up to the year of 2030 under three different scenarios. Finally, some forward-looking guidance is provided to policy makers according to the forecasting results.

Portable power source based on air-hydrogen fuel cells with free-breathing cathodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
S. A. Gurevich ◽  
E. I. Terukov ◽  
O. I. Kon’kov ◽  
A. A. Tomasov ◽  
N. K. Zelenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Portable Power

Reducing transportation emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Pålsson ◽  
Ola Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistics Service Providers ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intention of companies to reduce transportation emissions by 2020 and the barriers and the discriminating factors that affect the reduction. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review identified potential logistical and technical actions and their barriers, and discriminating factors for reducing transportation emissions. A survey of freight transport-intensive industries in Sweden examined the effects of, intention for implementation of and barriers to 12 actions to reduce CO2 emissions from freight transportation. In total, 172 logistics managers responded, representing a response rate of 40.3 per cent. Findings – Logistics service providers (LSPs) and freight owners are likely to reduce a considerable amount of CO2 emissions from freight transportation by 2020 using a combination of actions. The lowest level of confidence was for reducing CO2 emissions by changing logistics structures, while there was greater confidence by means of operational changes. The actions have few barriers, but there is often a combination of barriers to overcome. Three discriminating factors influence the intention of a firm to reduce transportation emissions: perceived potential, company size and LSP/freight owner. The industrial sector of a freight owner has minor influence. Companies that are particularly likely to reduce emissions are LSPs, large companies, and those that perceive a large reduction potential. Research limitations/implications – Logistical and technical barriers appear to hinder companies from implementing actions, while organisational barriers and external prerequisites do not. Barriers cannot be used to predict companies’ intentions to reduce transportation emissions. The authors examined the impact of three discriminating factors on reduction of transportation emissions. The research is based on perceptions of well-informed managers and on companies in Sweden. Practical implications – The findings can be used by managers to identify firms for benchmarking initiatives and emissions-reducing strategies. Originality/value – The study provides insights into intended CO2 reductions in transportation by 2020. It presents new knowledge regarding barriers and discriminating factors for implementing actions to reduce transportation emissions.

Trace CO elimination in H2-rich streams with wide operation temperature window: Co deposited CuO-CeO2 catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihuan Qiu ◽  
Xiaolin Guo ◽  
Jianxin Mao ◽  
Renxian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Temperature Window

This work provides a new strategy to eliminate the trace CO in H2-rich gas in a wide operation temperature window for the application of hydrogen fuel cells. We engineered Co...

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