scholarly journals Forecasting the Hydrogen Demand in China: A System Dynamics Approach

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Jingsi Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiangyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

Many countries, including China, have implemented supporting policies to promote the commercialized application of green hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells. In this study, a system dynamics (SD) model is proposed to study the evolution of hydrogen demand in China from the petroleum refining industry, the synthetic ammonia industry, and the vehicle market. In the model, the impact from the macro-environment, hydrogen fuel supply, and construction of hydrogen facilities is considered to combine in incentives for supporting policies. To further formulate the competitive relationship in the vehicle market, the Lotka–Volterra (LV) approach is adopted. The model is verified using published data from 2003 to 2017. The model is also used to forecast China’s hydrogen demand up to the year of 2030 under three different scenarios. Finally, some forward-looking guidance is provided to policy makers according to the forecasting results.

scholarly journals Fully-developed laminar flow in trapezoidal ducts with rounded corners: a numerical solution and case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Ismail ◽  
Mohamed R. Berber ◽  
Ziyad A. Alrowaili ◽  
Mohamed Pourkashanian
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poiseuille Number ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to numerically solve fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal ducts with rounded corners which result following forming processes. Design/methodology/approach A two-dimensional model for a trapezoidal duct with rounded corners is developed and conservation of momentum equation is solved. The flow is assumed to be steady, fully developed, laminar, isothermal and incompressible. The key flow characteristics including the Poiseuille number and the incremental pressure drop have been computed and tabulated for a wide range of: sidewall angle (θ); the ratio of the height of the duct to its smaller base (α); and the ratio of the fillet radius of the duct to its smaller base (β). Findings The results show that Poiseuille number decreases, and all the other dimensionless numbers increase with increasing the radii of the fillets of the duct; these effects were found to amplify with decreasing duct heights or increasing sidewall angles. The maximum axial velocity was shown to increase with increasing the radii of the fillets of the duct. For normally used ducts in hydrogen fuel cells, the impact of rounded corners cannot be overlooked for very low channel heights or very high sidewall angles. Practical implications The data generated in this study are highly valuable for engineers interested in estimating pressure drops in rounded trapezoidal ducts; these ducts have been increasingly used in hydrogen fuel cells where flow channels are stamped on thin metallic sheets. Originality/value Fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal ducts with four rounded corners has been solved for the first time, allowing for more accurate estimation of pressure drop.

scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Sam Simons ◽  
Ulugbek Azimov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

To meet climate change challenges, the UK government is aiming to reach zero emissions by 2050. The heavy-duty transportation sector contributes 17% to the UKs total emissions, so to combat this, alternative power units to traditional fossil fuel-reliant internal combustion engines (ICEs) are being utilized and investigated. Hydrogen fuel cells are a key area of interest to try and reduce these transportation emissions. To gain a true view of the impact that hydrogen fuel cells can have, this study looks at the impact the manufacturing of a fuel cell has upon the environment, from material extraction through to the usage phase. This was done through the use of a lifecycle assessment following ISO 14040 standards, with hydrogen systems being compared to alternative systems. This study has found that whilst fuel cells depend upon energy intensive materials for their construction, it is possible to reduce emissions by 34–87% compared to ICE systems, depending upon the source of hydrogen used. This study shows that hydrogen fuel cells are a viable option for heavy-duty transport that can be utilized to meet the target emissions reduction level by 2050.

scholarly journals System Dynamics Model for the Evolutionary Behaviour of Government Enterprises and Consumers in China’s New Energy Vehicle Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Sun ◽  
Yao Wan ◽  
Huirong Lv
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

Exhaust pollution and energy crises are worsening worldwide. China has become the largest motor vehicle producer; thus, promoting the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China has important practical significance. In this paper, considering the limited rationality of governments, NEV enterprises and consumers, we study the subsidy policy of the China NEV market using the evolutionary game and system dynamics (SD) methods. First, a tripartite evolutionary game model is developed and the replicator dynamics equations and Jacobian matrix are obtained. A SD simulation of the model was conducted to further clarify the impact of the initial market proportion and three variables used in the model. The results show that the initial market proportion affects the evolution speed but does not affect the evolution result when the three group players all choose a mixed strategy. For governments, they should not hastily cancel price subsidies provided to consumers; rather, they should dynamically adjust the rate of the subsidy decrease and increase the consumers’ extra cost for purchasing fuel vehicles (FVs). NEV enterprises should appropriately increase their investments in the research and development (R&D) of NEVs.

Portable power source based on air-hydrogen fuel cells with free-breathing cathodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
S. A. Gurevich ◽  
E. I. Terukov ◽  
O. I. Kon’kov ◽  
A. A. Tomasov ◽  
N. K. Zelenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Portable Power

Trace CO elimination in H2-rich streams with wide operation temperature window: Co deposited CuO-CeO2 catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihuan Qiu ◽  
Xiaolin Guo ◽  
Jianxin Mao ◽  
Renxian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Temperature Window

This work provides a new strategy to eliminate the trace CO in H2-rich gas in a wide operation temperature window for the application of hydrogen fuel cells. We engineered Co...

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