scholarly journals An Energy Efficiency Estimation Procedure for Small Wind Turbines at Chosen Locations in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3706
Author(s):  
Justyna Zalewska ◽  
Krzysztof Damaziak ◽  
Jerzy Malachowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
The Cost

Contrary to the extensive amount of research on large wind turbines, substantial analyses of small wind turbines are still rare. In the present study, the wind energy potential of three locations in Poland is analyzed using real wind data from a five-year period and the parameters of the selected turbine model. Appropriate simulations are performed to assess the energy efficiency of the analyzed investments at a coastal, foothill, or lowland site. According to the results, the most favorable location for a small wind turbine is the coastal site (wind zone I). The payback time at this location is approximately 13 years, whereas the payback times at the other two analyzed are more than 3 times longer. The payback periods for the latter locations significantly exceed the estimated lifetime of the wind turbine, ruling out their economic viability. The cost of electricity generation varies greatly, from 0.16 EUR/kWh at the coastal location to 0.71 EUR/kWh at the lowland location. These results provide a reference for developing more efficient solutions, such as the use of a turbine with a shielded rotor, which can increase the power of the turbine by approximately 2.5 times.

Techno-economic Analysis of Wind Turbines in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Charrouf ◽  
Achour Betka ◽  
Mohamed Becherif ◽  
Abdulkader Tabanjat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn this study, the wind energy potential and the unit energy cost related to six wind turbines in the city of Illizi in Southeast of Algeria are investigated. The hourly measured data (wind, pressure and temperature) observed during the period 2005–2014 at meteorological station in Illizi were used. An analysis of the collected data using the Weibull statistical method was made. The preliminary results were used to evaluate the power density in this region. Moreover, technical data of six chosen wind turbine models were analyzed to select the best appropriate turbine according to the techno economic analysis. The annual energy output of the selected wind turbines was calculated and the energy cost for each model was evaluated using two different methods. Input parameters affecting the cost, return on investment and payback period are also studied. For the 1MW wind turbine which, according to the economic analysis, is found to be the most suitable for this region, the cost of energy per kWh varies between 0.0388$ and 0.0634$ with PVC method and in range of 0.0878$ to 0.1142$ with LCOE method.

scholarly journals Design and simulation of an optimized small wind turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Norberto Fernando Soares Sanjimba
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Large Wind

The volatility of fossil fuel's price, pollution, and emission associated with converting fos- sil fuel into a useful type of energy led man to search for more sustainable energy sources that are pollution-free and renewable. Today, renewable energy technologies, such as solar and large wind turbines, are developed to a stage of maturity, having the cost of produc- ing electricity dropping signi􏰀cantly in the last decade, therefore making these technologies competitive with the traditional counterpart. The cost of producing electricity through small wind turbines is still high compared to large wind turbines or photovoltaic technology. For small wind turbines to successfully compete with other technologies and contribute to the diversi􏰀cation of o􏰈-grid technology, further research is needed to reduce the levelised cost of energy (LCOE). Therefore, this study aims to reduce the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of small wind turbines. To achieve the ob- jective, a 10 kW wind turbine operating at a site of an average wind speed of 7.5 m/s was designed, optimized, and simulated. With low LCOE in mind, the turbine components were designed as simple as possible to reduce manufacturing costs. The blades are made of uniform cross-sectional area, which made possible to use aluminum as the blade material, and the blade cross-sectional area is made out of a high lift airfoil. The hub is made of aluminum and modelled and designed as a disc with holes to bolt the blades and attach the main shaft. The mainframe is treated as a thick plate with a proper arrangement to connect the generator, the main and yaw bearings, the tail support, and any other ancillaries needed. An octal tapered tower with a height of 20 m made of steel was designed and optimized for low weight. The electrical power is to be produced by a direct drive variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator. The control system is designed in such a way that allows the turbine to operate in maximum power e􏰊ciency for any speed below the rated speed, and to increase reliability, a sensorless control system is suggested. The research started with a broad review of the relevant literature on wind turbines in general and small wind turbines. The turbine blades design began by analysing the aero- dynamic performance of the blade. To accomplish that, XFoil was used to generate the aerodynamic parameters of the airfoil, the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method was used to estimate the blades' aerodynamic performance, and Qblade was employed to com- pare the results, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to verify the results. The preliminary design was done using standard IEC 61400-2 to obtain the load cases, and general engineering formulas, CFD and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to analyse the load in the components according to IEC 61400-2, FAST-V7 was used to simulate the turbine's overall performance, standard formulas were used to evaluate the economic perfor- mance of the design, MatLab was used to perform all needed calculations. In this study, it is evident that using standard IEC 61400-2 to estimate the load, gyroscopic load components dominate the design, and the control system must be used to limit those loads. The designed turbine has relatively high e􏰊ciency and low LCOE.

Numerical Simulation of Dynamics of a Spar Type Floating Wind Turbine and Comparison With Laboratory Measurements

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunseong Min ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Fei Duan ◽  
Zhiqiang Hu ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
The Cost

Wind turbines are popular for harnessing wind energy. Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) installed in relatively deep water may have advantages over their on-land or shallow-water cousins because winds over deep water are usually steadier and stronger. As the size of wind turbines becomes larger and larger for reducing the cost per kilowatt, it could bring installation and operation risks in the deep water due to the lack of track records. Thus, together with laboratory tests, numerical simulations of dynamics of FOWT are desirable to reduce the probability of failure. In this study, COUPLE-FAST was initially employed for the numerical simulations of the OC3-HYWIND, a spar type platform equipped with the 5-MW baseline wind turbine proposed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The model tests were conducted at the Deepwater Offshore Basin in Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) with a 1:50 Froude scaling [1]. In comparison of the simulation using COUPLE-FAST with the corresponding measurements, it was found that the predicted motions were in general significantly smaller than the related measurements. The main reason is that the wind loads predicted by FAST were well below the related measurements. Large discrepancies are expected because the prototype and laboratory wind loads do not follow Froude number similarity although the wind speed was increased (or decreased) in the tests such that the mean surge wind force matched that predicted by FAST at the nominal wind speed (Froude similarity) in the cases of a land wind turbine [1]. Therefore, an alternative numerical simulation was made by directly inputting the measured wind loads to COUPLE instead of the ones predicted by FAST. The related simulated results are much improved and in satisfactory agreement with the measurements.

scholarly journals An assessment of the sea breeze energy potential using small wind turbines in peri-urban coastal areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Mazon ◽  
Jose I. Rojas ◽  
Jordi Jou ◽  
Aaron Valle ◽  
David Olmeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

scholarly journals Variable Size Twin-Rotor Wind Turbine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Doerffer ◽  
Krzysztof Doerffer ◽  
Tomasz Ochrymiuk ◽  
Janusz Telega
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Twin Rotor

The paper presents a new concept of a vertical axis wind turbine. The idea is focused on small wind turbines, and therefore, the dominating quality is safety. Another important necessary feature is efficient operation at small winds. This implies an application of the drag driven solution such as the Savonius rotor. The presented concept is aimed at reducing the rotor size and the cost of implementation. A new wind turbine solution, its efficiency, and functionality are described. The results of numerical simulations being a proof of the concept are reported. The simulations were followed by wind tunnel tests. Finally several prototypes were built and investigated for a longer period of time. The new wind turbine concept has undergone various testing and implementation efforts, making this idea matured, well proven and documented. A new feature, namely, the wind turbine size reduction at strong winds, or in other words, an increase in the wind turbine size at low winds is the reason why it is difficult to compare this turbine with other turbines on the market. The power output depends not only on the turbine efficiency but also on its varying size.

Advanced Concept Offshore Wind Turbine Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah A. Afjeh ◽  
◽  
Brett Andersen ◽  
Jin Woo Lee ◽  
Mahdi Norouzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Foundation ◽  
The Cost

Development of novel offshore wind turbine designs and technologies are necessary to reduce the cost of offshore wind energy since offshore wind turbines need to withstand ice and waves in addition to wind, a markedly different environment from their onshore counterparts. This paper focuses on major design challenges of offshore wind turbines and offers an advanced concept wind turbine that can significantly reduce the cost of offshore wind energy as an alternative to the current popular designs. The design consists of a two-blade, downwind rotor configuration fitted to a fixed bottom or floating foundation. Preliminary results indicate that cost savings of nearly 25% are possible compared with the conventional upwind wind turbine designs.

Design and Evaluation of a Rooftop Wind Turbine Rotor With Untwisted Blades

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayem Zafar ◽  
Mohamed Gadalla
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Turbine Rotor

A small horizontal axis wind turbine rotor was designed and tested with aerodynamically efficient, economical and easy to manufacture blades. Basic blade aerodynamic analysis was conducted using commercially available software. The blade span was constrained such that the complete wind turbine can be rooftop mountable with the envisioned wind turbine height of around 8 m. The blade was designed without any taper or twist to comply with the low cost and ease of manufacturing requirements. The aerodynamic analysis suggested laminar flow airfoils to be the most efficient airfoils for such use. Using NACA 63-418 airfoil, a rectangular blade geometry was selected with chord length of 0.27[m] and span of 1.52[m]. Glass reinforced plastic was used as the blade material for low cost and favorable strength to weight ratio with a skin thickness of 1[mm]. Because of the resultant velocity changes with respect to the blade span, while the blade is rotating, an optimal installed angle of attack was to be determined. The installed angle of attack was required to produce the highest possible rotation under usual wind speeds while start at relatively low speed. Tests were conducted at multiple wind speeds with blades mounted on free rotating shaft. The turbine was tested for three different installed angles and rotational speeds were recorded. The result showed increase in rotational speed with the increase in blade angle away from the free-stream velocity direction while the start-up speeds were found to be within close range of each other. At the optimal angle was found to be 22° from the plane of rotation. The results seem very promising for a low cost small wind turbine with no twist and taper in the blade. The tests established that non-twisted wind turbine blades, when used for rooftop small wind turbines, can generate useable electrical power for domestic consumption. It also established that, for small wind turbines, non-twisted, non-tapered blades provide an economical yet productive alternative to the existing complex wind turbine blades.

Computational Investigation of a Shrouded Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vafiadis ◽  
H. Fintikakis ◽  
I. Zaproudis ◽  
A. Tourlidakis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

In urban areas, it is preferable to use small wind turbines which may be integrated to a building in order to supply the local grid with green energy. The main drawback of using wind turbines in urban areas is that the air flow is affected by the existence of nearby buildings, which in conjunction with the variation of wind speed, wind direction and turbulence may adversely affect wind energy extraction. Moreover, the efficiency of a wind turbine is limited by the Betz limit. One of the methods developed to increase the efficiency of small wind turbines and to overcome the Betz limit is the introduction of a converging – diverging shroud around the turbine. Several researchers have studied the effect of shrouds on Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, but relatively little research has been carried out on shroud augmented Vertical Axis Wind Turbines. This paper presents the numerical study of a shrouded Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. A wide range of test cases, were examined in order to predict the flow characteristics around the rotor, through the shroud and through the rotor – shroud arrangement using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The power output of the shrouded rotor has been improved by a factor greater than 2.0. The detailed flow analysis results showed that there is a significant improvement in the performance of the wind turbine.

Dynamic Optimization of Drivetrain Gear Ratio to Maximize Wind Turbine Power Generation—Part 2: Control Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Hall ◽  
Dongmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Full Load Operation ◽  
Wind Profiles ◽  
Turbine Model

The cost of electrical power produced by small wind turbines impedes the use of this technology, which can otherwise provide power to millions of homes in rural regions worldwide. To encourage their use, small wind turbines must capture wind energy more effectively while avoiding increased equipment costs. A variable ratio gearbox (VRG) can provide this capability to the simple fixed-speed wind turbine through discrete operating speeds. This is the second of a two-part publication that focuses on the control of a VRG-enabled wind turbine. The first part presented a 100 kW fixed speed, wind turbine model, and a method for manipulating the VRG and mechanical brake to achieve full load operation. In this study, an optimal control algorithm is developed to maximize the power production in light of the limited brake pad life. Recorded wind data are used to develop a customized control design that is specific to a given site. Three decision-making modules interact with the wind turbine model developed in Part 1 to create possible VRG gear ratio (GR) combinations. Dynamic programming is applied to select the optimal combination and establish the operating protocol. The technique is performed on 20 different wind profiles. The results suggest an increase in wind energy production of nearly 10%.

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