scholarly journals Model for 400 kV Transmission Line Power Loss Assessment Using the PMU Measurements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5562
Author(s):  
Ivan Pavičić ◽  
Ninoslav Holjevac ◽  
Igor Ivanković ◽  
Dalibor Brnobić
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Advanced Model ◽  
Corona Losses

This paper presents an advanced model for monitoring losses on a 400 kV over-head transmission line (OHL) that can be used for measured data verification and loss assessment. Technical losses are unavoidable physical effects of energy transmission and can be reduced to acceptable levels, with a major share of technical losses on transmission lines being Joule losses. However, at 400 kV voltage levels, the influence of the electrical corona discharge effect and current leakage can have significant impact on power loss. This is especially visible in poor weather conditions, such as the appearance of fog, rain and snow. Therefore, loss monitoring is incorporated into exiting business process to provide transmission system operators (TSO) with the measure of losses and the accurate characterization of measured data. This paper presents an advanced model for loss characterization and assessment that uses phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements and combines them with end-customer measurements. PMU measurements from the algorithm of differential protection are used to detect differential currents and angles, and this paper proposes further usage of these data for determining the corona losses. The collected data are further processed and used to calculate the amount of corona losses and provide accurate loss assessment and estimation. In each step of the model, cross verification of the measured and calculated data is performed in order to finally provide more accurate loss assessment which is incorporated into the current data acquisition and monitoring systems.

scholarly journals The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244105
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. V. Parkes ◽  
Thilo Pfau ◽  
Renate Weller ◽  
Thomas H. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Centripetal Acceleration ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Lean Angle

During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thoroughbred horses were equipped with a sacrum-mounted inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS, two hoof-mounted accelerometers and retro-reflective markers on the forelimbs. Horses galloped 2–4 circuits anticlockwise around an oval track and were filmed at 120 frames per second using an array of ten cameras. Speed and curve radius were derived from GPS data and used to estimate the centripetal acceleration necessary to navigate the curve. Stride, stance and swing durations and duty factor (DF) were derived from accelerometer data. Limb markers were tracked and whole limb and third metacarpus (MCIII) angles were calculated. Data were analysed using mixed effects models with a significance level of p < 0.05. For horses galloping on the correct lead, DF was higher for the inside (lead) leg on the straight and on the curve. For horses galloping on the incorrect lead, there was no difference in DF between inside and outside legs on the straight or on the curve. DF decreased by 0.61% of DF with each 1 m s-2 increase in centripetal acceleration (p < 0.001). Whole limb inclination angle increased by 1.5° per 1 m s-1 increase in speed (p = 0.002). Limb lean angles increase as predicted, and lead limb function mirrors the functional requirements for curve running. A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of lean and torque on the distal limb is required to understand injury mechanisms.

scholarly journals Main reasons to modify the ecomonitoring system of Novomoskovsk atmosphere relying on modern modeling methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01085
Author(s):  
Grinyuk Olga ◽  
Aleksashina Olga ◽  
Arkhipov Alexander ◽  
Ganesan Catherine
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Data Adequacy

Novomoskovsk is one of the main centers of chemical industry in central Russia. In 2000 to control and monitor the region air quality and movement the atmosphere ecomonitorin system was created. These systems’ modifying lies in using more sophisticated technology, increasing number of observation stations and automatic sensors that determine harmful impurities. The data adequacy of airspace’s state hinges on the number of these stations and their location. The objective of our study is to estimate the data adequacy relying on modern research methods. The research involved the interpolation method of air movement control over areas which have a mixed landscape because of technology-related accidents. The method consists of 3 main stages: experimental examination of the area’s weather conditions, processing of this data using the method of air flow field recovery, and effective control of the air dynamics at man-made accidents. Air control stations gave the initial measures and current data to develop the method of air flow field recovery on the basis of the noise-resistant interpolation principle. Noise-resistant interpolation admits to errors of measuring instruments, which makes a significant magnitude when estimating meteorological data of the air. The data obtained requires to modify Novomoskovsk ecomonitoring system of the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Identification power line sections with increased electricity losses using sensors with Wi-Fi technology for data transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 01053
Author(s):  
A.V. Vinogradov ◽  
A.V. Bukreev ◽  
V.E. Bolshev ◽  
A.V. Vinogradova ◽  
M.O. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Power Transmission Line ◽  
Central Unit ◽  
Three Phase

The article presents portable timers-electricity meters (PTEM) which are devices for examining 0.4 kV power lines. There are two developed several versions of the devices: single-phase PTEM used to examine single-phase branch lines to consumers, and three-phase PTEM used for any power line sections. Also, the method to identify sections of power lines with increased electricity losses by means of these devices is presented. The paper considers the application of the three-phase PTEM with Wi-Fi technology to transmit data. Up to six independent three-phase PTEMs with Wi-Fi technology can be installed at different points of the power transmission line and transmit measured data in real time to the central unit. The use of these devices allows determining both technological and commercial losses of electricity in different power line sections and draw conclusions about whether these losses are overestimated. On the basis of this, measures are taken to reduce losses.

Synchro Phasor Measurement Based Fault Analysis of a Parallel Transmission Line

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 996-1004
Author(s):  
D. Miruthula ◽  
Ramachandran Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Fault Identification ◽  
Parallel Transmission ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Phasor Measurement

This paper presents a new method to classify transmission line shunt faults and determine the fault location using phasor data of the transmission system. Most algorithms employed for analyzing fault data require that the fault type to be classified. The older fault-type classification algorithms are inefficient because they are not effective under certain operating conditions of the power system and may not be able to accurately select the faulted transmission line if the same fault recorder monitors multiple lines. An intelligent techniques described in this paper is used to precisely detect all ten types of shunt faults that may occur in an electric power transmission system (double-circuit transmission lines) with the help of data obtained from phasor measurement unit. This method is virtually independent of the mutual coupling effect caused by the adjacent parallel circuit and insensitive to the variation of source impedance. Thousands of fault simulations by MATLAB have proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This paper includes the analysis of fault identification techniques using Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System based protection schemes. The performances of the techniques are examined for different faults on the parallel transmission line and compared with the conventional relay scheme. The results obtained shows that ANFIS based fault identification gives better performance than other techniques.

scholarly journals Protection of wind park connected series capacitor compensated three-phase transmission line using RBWT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Fault Recognition ◽  
Single Side ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Wind Park ◽  
Phase Transmission ◽  
Series Capacitor

This paper proposes the RBWT (reverse biorthogonal-1.5 wavelet transform)-based fault recognition and faulty phase categorization technique for the protection of wind park connected series capacitor compensated three-phase transmission line (WPCSCCTPTL). The single side captured fault currents of the WPCSCCTPTL are used to evaluate the amplitudes of RBWT coefficients at fifth level. To authorize the performance of the proposed technique, a widespread collection of simulation studies have been done thus varying fault type, location, resistance, and switching time. In this work, the performance of the RBWT has been investigated for the evolving faults, the position of fault for the close-in relay faults is varied from 5 km up to 9 km, the position of fault for the far-end relay faults is varied from 195 km up to 199 km, faults at two different positions, the position of fault around the series capacitors are changed and for the variation in wind-turbine units. The benefit of RBWT is that it correctly detects all types of faults in WPCSCCTPTL by employing one-side fault current data only. It is also investigated that the proposed technique is robust to the variation in the fault factors of WPCSCCTPTL. Keywords: fault recognition, faulty phase categorization, three-phase transmission line protection, reverse biorthogonal-1.5 wavelet transform.

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