Quasi-clean rings and strongly quasi-clean rings

An element [Formula: see text] of a ring [Formula: see text] is called a quasi-idempotent if [Formula: see text] for some central unit [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], or equivalently, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a central unit and [Formula: see text] is an idempotent of [Formula: see text]. A ring [Formula: see text] is called a quasi-Boolean ring if every element of [Formula: see text] is quasi-idempotent. A ring [Formula: see text] is called (strongly) quasi-clean if each of its elements is a sum of a quasi-idempotent and a unit (that commute). These rings are shown to be a natural generalization of the clean rings and strongly clean rings. An extensive study of (strongly) quasi-clean rings is conducted. The abundant examples of (strongly) quasi-clean rings state that the class of (strongly) quasi-clean rings is very larger than the class of (strongly) clean rings. We prove that an indecomposable commutative semilocal ring is quasi-clean if and only if it is local or [Formula: see text] has no image isomorphic to [Formula: see text]; For an indecomposable commutative semilocal ring [Formula: see text] with at least two maximal ideals, [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) is strongly quasi-clean if and only if [Formula: see text] is quasi-clean if and only if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a maximal ideal of [Formula: see text]. For a prime [Formula: see text] and a positive integer [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is strongly quasi-clean if and only if [Formula: see text]. Some open questions are also posed.

Edge Artificial Intelligence: A Multi-Camera Video Surveillance Application

Nowadays, video surveillance has a crucial role. Analyzing surveillance videos is, however, a time consuming and tiresome procedure. In the last years, artificial intelligence paved the way for automatic and accurate surveillance-video analysis. In parallel to the development of artificial-intelligence methodologies, edge computing is becoming an active field of research with the final goal to provide cost-effective and real time deployment of the developed methodologies. In this work, we present an edge artificial intelligence application to video surveillance. Our approach relies on a set of four IP cameras, which acquire video frames that are processed on the edge using the NVIDIA® Jetson Nano. A state-of-the-art deep-learning model, called Single Shot multibox Detector (SSD) MobileNetV2 network, is used to perform object and people detection in real-time. The proposed infrastructure obtained an inference speed of ∼10.0 Frames per Second (FPS) for each parallel video stream. These results prompt the possibility of translating our work into a real word scenario. The integration of the presented application into a wider monitoring system with a central unit could bring benefits to the overall infrastructure. Indeed our application could send only video-related high-level information to the central unit, allowing it to combine information with data coming from other sensing devices without unuseful data overload. This would ensure a fast response in case of emergency or detected anomalies. We hope this work will contribute to stimulate the research in the field of edge artificial intelligence for video surveillance.

Hunting pressure is a key contributor to the impending extinction of Bornean wild cattle

Widespread and unregulated hunting of ungulates in Southeast Asia is resulting in population declines and localised extinctions. Increased access to previously remote tropical forest following logging and changes in land-use facilitates hunting of elusive wild cattle in Borneo, which preferentially select secluded habitat. We collated the first population parameters for the Endangered Bornean banteng Bos javanicus lowi and developed population models to simulate the effect of different hunting offtake rates on survival and the recovery of the population using reintroduced captive-bred individuals. Our findings suggest that the banteng population in Sabah is geographically divided into 4 management units based on connectivity: the Northeast, Sipitang (West), Central and Southeast, which all require active management to prevent further population decline and local extinction. With only 1% offtake, population growth ceased in the Northeast and Sipitang. In the Southeast and Central units, growth ceased at 2 and 4% offtake, respectively. Extinction was estimated at 21-39 yr when offtake was 5%, occurring first in Sipitang and last in the Central unit. Supplementing the population with captive-bred individuals suggested that inbreeding was likely to limit population growth if using ≤20 founder individuals. Translocating 2 individuals for a 10 yr period, starting after 20 yr of captive breeding resulted in a faster population recovery over 100 yr and a lower extinction probability. Our results suggest that shielding the population against further losses from hunting will be key to their survival in the wild, provided that active management in the form of captive breeding is developed in the interim.

System analysis of the echelon scheme for the formation of the switching field of the centralized video surveillance node of office infocommunication systems

Введено понятие эшелонной схемы построения коммутационного поля центрального узла систем IP-видеонаблюдения и выполнена соответствующая ей модернизация типовых принципов расположение образующего его оборудования. Обоснована возможность размещения оборудования центрального узла в 19-дюймовом шкафу шириной 600 мм при количестве телекамер вплоть до 480. Проведена оценка средней длины коммутационных шнуров и показано, что обращение к эшелонной схеме дает практически двукратное сокращение этого параметра, что улучшает условия администрирование системы. The concept of an echelon scheme for constructing the switching field of the central node of IP-video surveillance systems was introduced and the corresponding modernization of the standard principles of the arrangement of the equipment forming it was performed. The possibility of placing the equipment of the central unit in a 19-inch cabinet 600 mm wide with the number of cameras up to 480 was substantiated. The estimation of the average length of the patch cords was carried out and was shown that the use of the echelon scheme gave an almost double reduction of this parameter that improved the conditions for system administration.

The nominative and propositive structures of the word

The central unit of the language is the nominative meaning of the word, which has been thoroughly studied by the present time of the development of the linguistic science and had fundamental research in this area. However, the study of the nominative meaning of syntactic structures in recent years has also begun to be included in the research agenda, and today it has become a special syntactic problem.

Blockchain

Many applications are being built using the immutability and robustness of blockchain. Blockchain is a new class of information technology that combines cryptography and a distributed ledger that already exists. The model is composed of a group of computers that collaborate towards maintaining a secured database without storing the data at any central unit. It is the technology behind all the crypto currencies like Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and now finding its way to record everything possible. This paper focuses on the basic framework of blockchain model, its pre-requisites, and challenges of blockchain. Various current real-time applications of the technology are also discussed. Finally, an application area has been proposed that can be used to create a huge database of the citizens of the country and facilitate them with ease of access to their personal data. It will open new ways of data analysis at a nationwide scale.

Local Adaptation Without Work Intensification: Experimentalist Governance of Digital Technology for Mutually Beneficial Role Reconfiguration in Organizations

This 1.5-year ethnographic study of a U.S. medical center shows that avoiding loss of autonomy and work intensification for less powerful actors during digital technology introduction and integration presents a multisited collective action challenge. I found that technology-related participation problems, threshold problems, and free rider problems may arise during digital technology introduction and integration that enable loss of autonomy and work intensification for less powerful actors. However, the emergence of new triangles of power allows for novel coalitions between less powerful actors and newly powerful third-party actors that can help mitigate this problem. I extend the political science perspective of experimentalist governance to examine how a digital technology-focused, iterative collective action process of local experimentation followed by central revision can facilitate mutually beneficial role reconfiguration during digital technology introduction and integration. In experimentalist governance of digital technology, local units are given discretion to adapt digital technologies to their specific contexts. A central unit composed of diverse actors then reviews progress across local units integrating similar digital technology to negotiate a new shared understanding of mutually beneficial technology-related tasks for each group of actors. The central unit modifies both local routines and the technology itself in response to problems and possibilities revealed by the central revision process, and the cycle repeats. Here, accomplishing mutually beneficial role reconfiguration occurs through an experimentalist, collective action process rather than through a labor-management bargaining process or a professional-led tuning process.

A small molecule acceptor with a heptacyclic benzodi(thienocyclopentafuran) central unit achieving 13.4% efficiency in polymer solar cells with low energy loss

Two new small molecule acceptors based on heptacyclic benzodi(thienocyclopentafuran) (BFH) unit were developed. The optimal PSCs based on PM6: BFHIC-4F achieved a PCE of 13.4% with a low Eloss of 0.58 eV.

Information system for scientific study of the micrometeorology of karst caves – Case of Postojnska jama cave, Slovenija

The paper presents the construction and operation of a cave information system on the example of the Postojnska jama cave. It thoroughly describes the construction of the basic modules of the cave information system, such as an automatic cave measuring station with sensors for measuring air temperature, air flow and CO2 concentration, and a central unit for collecting, saving, processing and displaying data. The system provides quality automatic measurements for the scientific study of the micrometeorology of karst caves. Its construction is based on good practices stemming from many years of experience in taking measurements in the external atmosphere and in karst caves. The paper is rich and comprehensive guideline for automatic cave measuring system construction for scientific and tourist management purposes.