scholarly journals At what Pressure Shall CO2 Be Transported by Ship? An in-Depth Cost Comparison of 7 and 15 Barg Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Simon Roussanaly ◽  
Han Deng ◽  
Geir Skaugen ◽  
Truls Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
The Impact

The pipeline has historically been the preferred means to transport CO2 due to its low cost for short distances and opportunities for economies of scale. However, interest in vessel-based transport of CO2 is growing. While most of the literature has assumed that CO2 shipping would take place at low pressure (at 7 barg and −46 °C), the issue of identifying best transport conditions, in terms of pressure, temperature, and gas composition, is becoming more relevant as ship-based carbon capture and storage chains move towards implementation. This study focuses on an in-depth comparison of the two primary and relevant transport pressures, 7 and 15 barg, for annual volumes up to 20 MtCO2/year and transport distances up to 2000 km. We also address the impact of a number of key factors on optimal transport conditions, including (a) transport between harbours versus transport to an offshore site, (b) CO2 pressure prior to conditioning, (c) the presence of impurities and of purity constraints, and (d) maximum feasible ship capacities for the 7 and 15 barg options. Overall, we have found that 7 barg shipping is the most cost-efficient option for the combinations of distance and annual volume where transport by ship is the cost-optimal means of transport. Furthermore, 7 barg shipping can enable significant cost reductions (beyond 30%) compared to 15 barg shipping for a wide range of annual volume capacities.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the supercritical CO 2 diffusion coefficient in porous media under reservoir conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 181902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchen Lv ◽  
Yuan Chi ◽  
Changzhong Zhao ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hailin Mu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Saturated Porous Media ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Reliable measurement of the CO 2 diffusion coefficient in consolidated oil-saturated porous media is critical for the design and performance of CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. A thorough experimental investigation of the supercritical CO 2 diffusion in n -decane-saturated Berea cores with permeabilities of 50 and 100 mD was conducted in this study at elevated pressure (10–25 MPa) and temperature (333.15–373.15 K), which simulated actual reservoir conditions. The supercritical CO 2 diffusion coefficients in the Berea cores were calculated by a model appropriate for diffusion in porous media based on Fick's Law. The results show that the supercritical CO 2 diffusion coefficient increases as the pressure, temperature and permeability increase. The supercritical CO 2 diffusion coefficient first increases slowly at 10 MPa and then grows significantly with increasing pressure. The impact of the pressure decreases at elevated temperature. The effect of permeability remains steady despite the temperature change during the experiments. The effect of gas state and porous media on the supercritical CO 2 diffusion coefficient was further discussed by comparing the results of this study with previous study. Based on the experimental results, an empirical correlation for supercritical CO 2 diffusion coefficient in n -decane-saturated porous media was developed. The experimental results contribute to the study of supercritical CO 2 diffusion in compact porous media.

scholarly journals Developing Relative Humidity and Temperature Corrections for Low-Cost Sensors Using Machine Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3338
Author(s):  
Ivan Vajs ◽  
Dejan Drajic ◽  
Nenad Gligoric ◽  
Ilija Radovanovic ◽  
Ivan Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Existing government air quality monitoring networks consist of static measurement stations, which are highly reliable and accurately measure a wide range of air pollutants, but they are very large, expensive and require significant amounts of maintenance. As a promising solution, low-cost sensors are being introduced as complementary, air quality monitoring stations. These sensors are, however, not reliable due to the lower accuracy, short life cycle and corresponding calibration issues. Recent studies have shown that low-cost sensors are affected by relative humidity and temperature. In this paper, we explore methods to additionally improve the calibration algorithms with the aim to increase the measurement accuracy considering the impact of temperature and humidity on the readings, by using machine learning. A detailed comparative analysis of linear regression, artificial neural network and random forest algorithms are presented, analyzing their performance on the measurements of CO, NO2 and PM10 particles, with promising results and an achieved R2 of 0.93–0.97, 0.82–0.94 and 0.73–0.89 dependent on the observed period of the year, respectively, for each pollutant. A comprehensive analysis and recommendations on how low-cost sensors could be used as complementary monitoring stations to the reference ones, to increase spatial and temporal measurement resolution, is provided.

Fault and top seals thematic collection: a perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-136
Author(s):  
Quentin Fisher ◽  
Frauke Schaefer ◽  
Ieva Kaminskaite ◽  
David N Dewhurst ◽  
Graham Yielding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Petroleum Reservoirs ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sealing Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
And Storage

Predicting the sealing capacity of faults and caprocks has been a long-standing uncertainty for those involved in the exploration, appraisal and development of petroleum reservoirs. In more recent years, interest in the topic has increased in a wide range of other applications, particularly those related to the decarbonization of our energy supply such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), radioactive waste disposal, geothermal energy production and underground energy storage (e.g. compressed air, hydrogen). Knowledge of how faults impact fluid flow is also important for management of drinking water supplies. To communicate new advances in research in these areas, the EAGE organized the first international conference on Fault and Top Seals in 2003. These conferences have continued to be held at roughly 4 yearly intervals and have brought together scientists from a wide range of disciplines to discuss new research findings and workflows relevant to predicting fault and top seal behaviour, as well as presenting case studies covering both successful and unsuccessful attempts to predict sealing capacity.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Fault and top seals collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/fault-and-top-seals-2019

HOW CARBON MARKET COOPERATION CHANGES THE ENERGY SYSTEMS IN NORTHEAST ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050010
Author(s):  
MINHO BAEK ◽  
QIMIN CHAI ◽  
SUDUK KIM
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Ccs Technologies ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the impact of international emissions trading (IET) among Korea, China, and Japan, three countries that would form the largest potential carbon market in the world. The Nationally Determined Contribution for each country forms the basis of scenario analyses using GCAM (Global Change Assessment Model). As expected, China emerges as the sole net seller of emissions permits while Korea and Japan are the net purchasers of emission permits produced by China. All participants enjoy gains from emissions trading. The implementation of IET changes the power systems of Korea and Japan by favoring increased conventional fossil fuel usage over renewable power technologies or attached carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, while China’s power system moves in the opposite direction, by boosting the deployment of renewables and CCS-attached technologies. Considering the counterproductive incentives for Korea and Japan to consume more carbon-intensive energy sources, each country should consider such issues carefully before officially adopting IET as the pillar of climate policy.

scholarly journals Low cost digital fabrication approach for thumb orthoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernandez-Vicente ◽  
Ana Escario Chust ◽  
Andres Conejero
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel design workflow for the digital fabrication of custom-made orthoses (CMIO). It is intended to provide an easier process for clinical practitioners and orthotic technicians alike. It further functions to reduce the dependency of the operators’ abilities and skills. Design/methodology/approach The technical assessment covers low-cost three-dimensional (3D) scanning, free computer-aided design (CAD) software, and desktop 3D printing and acetone vapour finishing. To analyse its viability, a cost comparison was carried out between the proposed workflow and the traditional CMIO manufacture method. Findings The results show that the proposed workflow is a technically feasible and cost-effective solution to improve upon the traditional process of design and manufacture of custom-made static trapeziometacarpal (TMC) orthoses. Further studies are needed for ensuring a clinically feasible approach and for estimating the efficacy of the method for the recovery process in patients. Social implications The feasibility of the process increases the impact of the study, as the great accessibility to this type of 3D printers makes the digital fabrication method easier to be adopted by operators. Originality/value Although some research has been conducted on digital fabrication of CMIO, few studies have investigated the use of desktop 3D printing in any systematic way. This study provides a first step in the exploration of a new design workflow using low-cost digital fabrication tools combined with non-manual finishing.

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of amending the Amager Bakke incineration plant in Copenhagen with carbon capture and storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110481
Author(s):  
V. Bisinella ◽  
J. Nedenskov ◽  
Christian Riber ◽  
Tore Hulgaard ◽  
Thomas H. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Amending municipal solid waste incineration with carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a new approach that can reduce the climate change impacts of waste incineration. This study provides a detailed analysis of the consequences of amending the new Amager Bakke incinerator in Copenhagen (capacity: 600,000 tonnes waste per year) with CCS as a post-combustion technology. Emphasis is on the changes in the energy flows and outputs as well as the environmental performance of the plant; the latter is assessed by life cycle assessment. Amending Amager Bakke with CCS of the chosen configuration reduces the electricity output by 50% due to steam use by the capture unit, but introducing post-capture flue gas condensation increases the heat output utilized in the Copenhagen district heating system by 20%. Thus, the overall net energy efficiency is not affected. The CCS amendment reduces the fossil CO2 emissions to 40 kg CO2 per tonne of incinerated waste and stores 530 kg biogenic CO2 per tonne of incinerated waste. Potential developments in the composition of the residual waste incinerated or in the energy systems that Amager Bakke interacts with, do not question the benefits of the CCS amendment. In terms of climate change impacts, considering different waste composition and energy system scenarios, introducing CCS reduces in average the impact of Amager Bakke by 850 kg CO2-equivalents per tonne of incinerated waste. CCS increases the environmental impacts in other categories, but not in the same order of magnitude as the savings introduced within climate change.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in regional estimates of capacity for carbon capture and storage

Solid Earth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1707-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wilkinson ◽  
Debbie Polson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Saline Aquifers ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regional Estimates ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a potentially important technology for the mitigation of industrial CO2 emissions. However, the majority of the subsurface storage capacity is in saline aquifers, for which there is relatively little information. Published estimates of the potential storage capacity of such formations, based on limited data, often give no indication of the uncertainty, despite there being substantial uncertainty associated with the data used to calculate such estimates. Here, we test the hypothesis that the uncertainty in such estimates is a significant proportion of the estimated storage capacity, and should hence be evaluated as a part of any assessment. Using only publicly available data, a group of 13 experts independently estimated the storage capacity of seven regional saline aquifers. The experts produced a wide range of estimates for each aquifer due to a combination of using different published values for some variables and differences in their judgements of the aquifer properties such as area and thickness. The range of storage estimates produced by the experts shows that there is significant uncertainty in such estimates; in particular, the experts' range does not capture the highest possible capacity estimates. This means that by not accounting for uncertainty, such regional estimates may underestimate the true storage capacity. The result is applicable to single values of storage capacity of regional potential but not to detailed studies of a single storage site.

scholarly journals Increasing Ambition with Blue Carbon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsey Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Climatic System ◽  
System 1 ◽  
And Storage

In 2015, the historic Paris Agreement set a global goal of limiting warming to “well below 2 degrees” through a robust, country-driven framework. Unfortunately, just two years later, it is increasingly clear that the global community is not on track to meet this objective. This is evidenced by recent studies projecting that temperatures may increase by between 2.7-3.7°C by 2100, and continue to rise for many centuries thereafter given inertia in the climatic system.1 Further, the IPCC is increasingly including Negative Emissions Technology (NETs) in their models in order to achieve the 2-degree target. While many hear the term ‘CDR’ and think of Bioenergy and Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) or Direct Air Capture (DAC), blue carbon is a lesser-known but low-cost and effective CDR option that can help meet the goals set out in Paris.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Criteria of Efficient Carbon Capture and Separation Technologies for Sustainable Clean Energy Usage

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibing Liu ◽  
Serhat Yüksel ◽  
Hasan Dinçer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
And Storage

This study focuses on carbon capture and distribution technology, which is a new approach to the solution of this problem. In order to use this technology more effectively, six significant criteria are defined by considering the essentials of the international Loss Control Institute and the supported literature. Moreover, the analytic network process (ANP) is applied for measuring the relative importance of each factor. The findings demonstrate that organizational factor has the greatest importance, whereas market factor is the weakest element. In addition, the education of the personnel is the most important criterion for low-cost industrial carbon dioxide capture and separation technologies. In this context, it is seen that companies need competent personnel in order to reduce the costs of these products. There are two types of strategies that companies can develop to achieve this goal. Firstly, it would be appropriate for companies to provide their staff with the necessary training on carbon capture and storage technologies. The second most important strategy is for the new personnel to be employed in the company. When choosing new employees, it is necessary to measure whether they have sufficient knowledge about this technology. These strategies will contribute to lower costs when developing products for carbon capture and storage technology.

scholarly journals Methanol formation from CO2catalyzed by Fe3S4{111}: formate versus hydrocarboxyl pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roldan ◽  
N. H. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Methanol Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Formate Intermediate

Carbon capture and utilisation is one of the most promising techniques to minimize the impact of the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Recently, the mineral greigite was shown to be capable of catalysing CO2conversion, leading to useful small organic molecules. Here, we have carried out a systematic study of the adsorption and selective reduction of CO2on the Fe3S4{111} surface. We have considered both formate and hydrocarboxyl key intermediates, leading to different reaction pathwaysviaEley–Rideal and Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanisms, and we have built a kinetic model considering the wide range of intermediates in the reaction network. Our results show that the mechanism to produce formic acid takes placeviaformate intermediate mostly on FeAsites, while methanol is formedviahydrocarboxyl intermediates on FeBsites. From the kinetic model, we have derived a reaction constant comparison and determined the limiting step rates. The overall process takes place under very mild conditions, requiring only a small energy input that might come from a chemiosmotic potential.

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